倾转旋翼航空器建模方法研究

结合倾转旋翼航空器的整体气动结构设计,建立了该型航空器的数学模型。在考虑旋翼滑流的情况下,给出各气动面的气动力和力矩方程,并采用叶素法,建立了旋翼的气动力方程。该数学模型可为倾转旋翼航空器的控制系统设计与仿真提供参考。

俯仰操纵方式对自转旋翼机操稳特性的影响

为了研究不同的俯仰操纵方式对于旋翼机飞行动力学特性的影响,首先基于解析形式叶素法给出自转旋翼的建模方法,并建立了对象无人旋翼机的数学模型;然后分析了2种操纵方式在配平、稳定性及操纵性等方面的差异。研究表明,2种操纵方式各有优缺点:旋翼操纵方式的配平俯仰姿态变化更小且长周期稳定性更好,但螺旋模态不稳定;升降舵操纵方式的螺旋稳定性更好,且俯仰可达力矩较大,但高速配平迎角为负且存在速度静不稳定的问题。针对2种操纵方式,分别设计集成了2架样例无人旋翼机并进行了飞行试验。基于试验数据分析了无人旋翼机飞行过程中自转旋翼的转速变化特性;分别对2架无人旋翼机进行了姿态控制律设计与试验,较好地实现了姿态跟踪控制,并基于试飞数据验证了无人旋翼机数学模型。

倾转旋翼机非线性建模及验证

关于飞机旋翼动特性建模的研究,针对XV-15倾转旋翼飞行器具有直升机、过渡和固定翼三种工作模态,建模复杂的问题,提出了一种分块建模的方法,使得建模过程更加灵活和简化。机体建模部分,考虑旋翼尾流对机翼、垂直尾翼和水平尾翼造成的滑流干扰以及短舱倾转对飞机转动惯量、惯性积和重心造成的影响,大大提高了所建模型的精确度;旋翼建模部分,对旋翼参数进行无因次化后,利用叶素法进行气动力建模。最后,为验证模型的正确性和有效性,在不同飞行速度下对所建模型进行配平,并将配平的结果与倾转旋翼通用模型做对比。结果表明所建模型能很好的反映倾转旋翼机的飞行特性,为飞行优化控制律研究提供很好的模型基础。

微型扑翼飞行器动力学模型参数的灵敏度分析

提出了一种针对动力学模型运动和几何参数的全局灵敏度分析方法。运用叶素法建立微型扑翼飞行器悬停状态的非线性动力学模型,通过挑选因子和定性分析来确定动力学模型中的主要参数,利用Sobol全局灵敏度分析方法对运动参数和几何参数进行灵敏度分析。结果显示,在参数取值范围内,运动参数中的全局灵敏度大小为:扑动频率>扑动角>攻角;几何参数中的全局灵敏度大小为:展弦比>一阶半径距。通过对动力学模型几何参数排的气动灵敏分析,为微型扑翼飞行器的动力学优化设计提供了依据。

Effects of Silicon at Different Concentrations on Morphology and Photosynthetic Physiological Mechanism of Japonica Rice

[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of silicon at different concentrations on morphology and photosynthetic physiological mechanism of japonica rice. [Method] Seedlings of japonica rice were treated with silicon at different concentrations （0, 30, 80, 130 and 180 mg/L of sodium silicate）; silicon contents were measured with Molybdenum blue spectrophotometric method in root, stem and leaf; plant height, root length and number in different treatment groups were measured with tools; chlorophyll a and b, and a/b in leaf and stem of rice in different groups were measured. [Result] Silicon contents in vegetative organs were as follows： stem〉leaf〉 root; when silicon was 80 mg/L, japonica ecotype was shortest; when silicon was 30 mg/L, root length of the rice was shortest and root number was least; when silicon was 30 mg/L, contents of chlorophyll a and b were highest and chlorophyll a/b achieved the peak when silicon was 80 mg/L. [Conclusion] Silicon at proper concen- tration would improve lodging-resistance and efficiency of photosynthesis, further enhancing yield of japonica rice.

Retrieving reuse component based on semantic

According to the current research status of component retrieval, the component description model based on facet classification is improved by adding semantic features. Furthermore, the component retrieval process model is put forward by combining the domain ontology with the relative concept match algorithm. A detailed illustration of a component reasoning engine and a component classification engine is given and the component classification algorithm is provided by using the Naive Bayes algorithm based on domain ontology. The experimental results show that the recall ratio and the precision ratio are obviously improved by using the method based on semantics, and demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

PHYSIOLOGICAL INHIBITORY EFFECT OF OCS IN ARACHIDONIC ACID-RICH PARIETOCHLORIS INCISA (TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA)

Parietochloris incisa is an arachidonic acid rich snow green alga. The main physiological profiles, such as ash free dry weight (AFDW), chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein and total fatty acids (TFA), in this alga exposed to old culture supernatant (OCS) at the decline phase or its crude ethyl acetate extracts (CEAE) were investigated by using tubular photobioreactors of different diameters. Results showed that both OCS and CEAE had strong inhibitory effect on the above physiological parameters. The longer the culture was exposed to OCS and the more CEAE were added into the algal culture, the more the above physiological properties were inhibited. Arachidonic acid (AA), the dominant component of fatty acids in this alga, was also seriously inhibited with respect to total TFA, AFDW of cell mass, or culture volume, due to a probable reduction of enzymes activities catalyzing chain elongation from C18:1ω9 to AA. These results incontestably evidenced that some CEAE dissolving substances existing in OCS, like auto inhibitors, inhibited P. incisa growth through feedback. Hence, any efficient removal of auto inhibitors from algal culture to decrease their bioactivity could be good for maximal production of desired products like AA.

Study on Extraction Method of Carotenoids from Citrus Leaves

In order to explore the extraction method of carotenoids from citrus leaves,the extraction effect of carotenoids from leaves of Honey pomelo by ultrasonic-assisted extraction was investigated by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment.The results showed that the optimum extraction condition was:the ration of ethanol and acetone 1∶1(v/v,containing 0.1%BHT),solid-liquid ratio 1∶30(g/mL),extraction time 7 min,ultrasonic power 240 W,extraction frequency 3 times.Under the above condition,the extraction rate of carotenoids was 85.98%.

Combining Principal Component Regression and Artificial Neural Network to Predict Chlorophyll-a Concentration of Yuqiao Reservoir’s Outflow

In order to investigate the eutrophication degree of Yuqiao Reservoir, a hybrid method, combining principal component regression (PCR) and artificial neural network (ANN), was adopted to predict chlorophyll-a concentration of Yuqiao Reservoir’s outflow. The data were obtained from two sampling sites, site 1 in the reservoir, and site 2 near the dam. Seven water variables, namely chlorophyll-a concentration of site 2 at time t and that of both sites 10 days before t, total phosphorus(TP), total nitrogen(TN),...

Comparison of inversion of Chlorophyll concentration in the Bohai Bay based on GOCI Data

Bohai bay has poor water circulation capacity and low self-purification capacity,and a large number of land-sourced pollutants are accepted every year.The estimation of chlorophyll concentration based on remote sensing plays an important role in the study of marine red tide and the monitoring of water quality in the Bohai Bay.So it is necessary to select the best algorithm by comparing the performance of each algorithm.Choosing the best algorithm is helpful to improve the precision of chlorophyll concentration.Based on the in-situ measurement data of the Bohai Bay and the GOCI remote sensing reflectance data,the retrieval models of chlorophyll concentration were established in this paper by using the methods of fluorescence line height(FLH),OC3,blue-green band ratio and NIR-red band ratio.The above algorithms were evaluated by comparing the simulation results and the verification results.The results showed that there are obvious differences in the accuracy of different retrieval methods.The fitting and retrieval effect of FLH is the best and NIR-red band ratio is the worst,and the OC3is similar to the blue-green band ratio method.

Use of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Methods for the Study of Physiological Condition and Resistance against Abiotic Factors of Grapevine

The purpose of this study was to explore influence of abiotic factors, such as high temperature, water deficiency and high solar radiation on the photomembrane of grapevine leaves. Grapevine leaves were collected from variety Rkatsiteli （Vitis vinifera） and placed at a temperature of ＋45 ℃ and ＋55 ℃ for 5 rain, respectively. The relative volume of water in leaves was gradually reduced to 50%, and then leaves were irradiated with 6,000 pmol/m2.s of white light. Changes provoked by stressful abiotie factors were determined using rapid and delayed chlorophyll fluorescence methods. It was shown that value of variable component of chlorophyll fluorescence （Fv）, intensity of electron transport between the photosystems （ETR）, intensity of expended electrons in carboxylation （ETRn） and oxygenation （ETRp） and index of non-photochemical quenching （NPQ）, allow studying molecular mechanisms of the impact of abiotic factors and the resulting damage degree. Based on delayed and rapid fluorescence data, it was demonstrated that temperature of ＋45 ℃ adversely affects oxygen production system and CO2 assimilation mechanisms, while at ＋55 ℃, the ETR decreases. Reduction of relative water volume in leaves up to 50%-55% leads to sharp reduction in ETR and inhibition of photosynthesis. In case of irradiation of leaves with high-intensity light of 6,000 μmol/m2.s, NPQ of light falling on a leaf increases, thus protecting photosynthesis apparatus from damage.

Methodological progress in trace amounts of structural water in nominally anhydrous minerals

In the deep Earth, hydrogen mainly occurs as structural hydroxyl and molecular water in minerals and melts, constituting mobile and immobile aqueous components. Hydrous minerals contain hydrogen which occupies a specific structural position and constitutes an indispensable component of chemical formulae. On the other hand, nominally anhydrous minerals do not contain hydrogen in their chemical formulae, but can host trace amounts of water in structural position and lattice defect. The molecular water may occur in the lattice defect as fluid/melt inclusions in minerals. Even though the water content of nominally anhydrous minerals is very limited generally in the order of ppm(parts per million), they may play a significant role in influencing the physicochemical properties of mineral and rock systems. With the continuous improvement of modern instrumentations, the analytical methodology exhibits trends for higher spatial resolution, lower detection limit and integral multiple methods on the water amount and its isotopic ratio. Among these methods, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry remains the most widely used, while secondary ion mass spectrometry, continuous flow mass spectrometry, elastic recoil detection analysis and Raman spectrometry are promising. This paper provides a brief review on the methodological progress and their applications to the analysis of structural water in nominally anhydrous minerals.