水杨酸结合微孔保鲜袋对‘京沧1号’枣贮藏品质的影响

为提高‘京沧1号’枣果实贮藏品质和商品性,以‘京沧1号’枣为试材,考察不同浓度水杨酸(10、30、50 mmol/L SA)结合微孔保鲜袋处理对‘京沧1号’枣保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,未使用微孔保鲜袋包装处理的‘京沧1号’枣在贮藏14 d后即出现明显的失水皱缩,品质劣变严重;仅使用微孔保鲜袋包装处理的‘京沧1号’枣保鲜效果不理想,微孔保鲜袋包装结合30 mmol/L SA处理效果最好,可使其贮藏期较未使用微孔保鲜袋处理组延长40 d左右。该处理能够有效延缓‘京沧1号’果实中可溶性固形物、可滴定酸等营养物质的消耗,延缓果实贮藏过程中失水皱缩和亮度、硬度的下降,维持相对较高的贮后可溶性糖、维生素C、总酚、可溶性蛋白等营养物质含量和抗氧化活性(P<0.05)。因此,微孔保鲜袋包装结合30 mmol/L SA处理是一种应用于‘京沧1号’枣的有效贮藏保鲜方法。

采收成熟度对‘京沧1号’枣贮藏品质及抗氧化活性的影响

为选择‘京沧1号’枣果实适宜长期贮藏的采收成熟度,以不同成熟度(初红、半红、全红)‘京沧1号’枣为试材,对比其果实品质特性,探究在(0±1)℃贮藏条件下果实品质的变化。结果表明,除可滴定酸外,不同采收成熟度‘京沧1号’枣各项品质指标存在显著性差异(P<0.05),随着贮藏时间的延长,其果实品质及抗氧化能力均不断下降。贮藏期末,果实硬度、抗坏血酸含量、总酚含量、可溶性蛋白含量、DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基清除率均表现为初红>半红>全红;失重率为初红>全红>半红;横纵径减失率、L^(*)值、固酸比为半红>全红>初红;a^(*)值、b^(*)值、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性糖含量、类黄酮含量为全红>半红>初红。除此之外,全红果实在贮藏14 d后出现软化、酒化现象,商品性下降,而初红果实却能够保持良好贮藏性和商品性。综上所述,选择初红期成熟度的‘京沧1号’枣用于长期贮藏销售可以保持较好的外观和营养品质。

不同叶面肥对‘京沧1号’枣生长和贮藏性的影响

为筛选适用于‘京沧1号’枣的叶面肥种类,提高其采前品质及货架商品性,探究不同叶面肥处理对‘京沧1号’枣生长发育及果实采后货架品质的影响,测定不同叶面肥处理组‘京沧1号’枣叶片、果实生长情况及枣果货架期内品质的变化。结果表明:与对照组相比,喷施叶面肥处理的‘京沧1号’枣叶片横径和纵径分别提高7%~10%和5%~6%,果实横径和纵径分别提高3%~5%和10%~12%;各叶面肥处理组‘京沧1号’枣果实中可溶性固形物、维生素C等营养物质的积累增加且以果满田复合叶面肥处理效果最佳,较对照组分别提高12.8%和1.4%,并表现出显著性差异(P<0.05);同时,采前叶面肥处理有效延缓了‘京沧1号’枣货架期内果实品质的下降,但不同叶面肥处理组的结果存在一定差异,其中果满田复合叶面肥整体效果最优,至货架期末,该处理组‘京沧1号’枣果实硬度、含水量、可溶性固形物含量下降率分别为57.39%、7.14%、9.79%,显著低于对照组,可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C、总酚、类黄酮含量分别为34.11%、0.39%、1.08 mg/g、1.75 mg/g、2.07 mg/g、4.08mg/g,较对照组和其他叶面肥处理组好。研究结果可为‘京沧1号’枣栽培生长调控提供理论依据和科学参考。

Effect of Suan Zao Ren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) Extract on the TXNIP/NLRP3 Pathway in Insomniac Rats

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Suan Zao Ren(Semen Ziziphi Spinosae,SZS)extract on insomnia induced by p-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA)in rats and its influence on the thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)/nucleotide-binding domain Leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3(NLRP3)inflammasome pathway,and to preliminarily explore themechanism by which SZS extract improves insomnia.Methods Fifty male Sprague–Dawley(SD)rats were used,with 8 rats in the blank group and 42 rats in the modeling group.The modeling group was induced by intraperitoneal injection of PCPA at a dose of 500mg·kg^(-1) for six consecutive days,with daily cage exchange.After 6 days,40 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into five groups:themodel group(equal volume of distilled water),the positive group(0.75 mg·kg^(-1)),and low-,medium-,and high-dose SZS extract groups(1.5,3,and 6 g·kg^(-1),respectively),with 8 rats in each group.Treatments were administered for seven consecutive days.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)in the rat cerebral cortex.The thiobarbituric acid(TBA)method was used to determine malondialdehyde(MDA)levels,and the hydroxylamine method was used to determine superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels.The 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)method was used to measure total antioxidant capacity(TAOC)in the cerebral cortex.Pathological changes in the cerebral cortex were observed,and Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of TXNIP,NLRP3,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a Caspase activation and recruitment domain(CARD),and cysteine–aspartate-specific protease 1(Caspase-1)in the cerebral cortex.Results Compared with the blank group,the model group showed a significantly prolonged sleep latency(p<0.001)and a significantly shortened sleep duration(p<0.001).There were no changes in serum MDA and SOD levels.MDA levels in the cerebral cortex were significantly increased(p<0.001),while SOD and TAOC levels were significantly decreased(p<0.001).The 5-HT level was increased(p<0.05),and the GABA level was significantly decreased(p<0.001).SZS extract improved these conditions to varying degrees.Light microscopy showed no significant changes in cortical neurons but transmission electron microscopy revealed intact mitochondrial structures in the blank group,while the model group showed swollen and unclear mitochondria with reduced organelles.After 7 days of treatment,these conditions improved in the SZS extract groups.Compared with the blank group,the expressions of the four proteins in the model group were increased,and the expressions of these proteins were decreased in the SZS extract groups compared with the model group.Conclusion SZS extract may exert an antioxidant effect to treat insomnia by downregulating the expression of TXNIP/NLRP3 proteins and regulating oxidative stress levels in the cerebral cortex.