As extrinsic rewards become very limited under organizational retrenchments, organizations should rely heavily on other types of rewards, such as intrinsic rewards, to improve the performance of those employees who ha...As extrinsic rewards become very limited under organizational retrenchments, organizations should rely heavily on other types of rewards, such as intrinsic rewards, to improve the performance of those employees who have been overwhelmed with a perception of job insecurity. This paper examines the impact of such perception, along with many other positive influencers such as enhancement in job features, recognition, and the personal values of those employees on the organizational involvement. The data analyzed were based on a sample of 34 employee respondents from a project based engineering and service company （identified as ABC Company in this paper） operating in the Middle East. The adopted research approach is basically a quantitative approach. The correlation and regression analysis tools have been used to explore this relationship. The results of this study suggest a generally unnoticed and disregarded resource that has the prime effect on improving and enhancing the organizational involvement, which is the recognition those employees receive from the management. This research suggests that recognition, as the top influencer, has a strong impact on organizational involvement/psychological attachment for the employees. The other factors that have proved to have the second degree influence on organizational involvement are enhancement in job features, increase in the job security level, and personal values.展开更多
The anchoring effect is a powerful and widespread cognitive phenomenon in the decision-making field.Our quantitative analysis of a sample of 520 sentences indicates that the sentencing recommendation of the public pro...The anchoring effect is a powerful and widespread cognitive phenomenon in the decision-making field.Our quantitative analysis of a sample of 520 sentences indicates that the sentencing recommendation of the public procuratorate has a marked influence upon the court＇s sentencing judgment.That is,whether we are investigating the freedom penalty,the fine penalty or the term of probation imposed by the judge,we find that the anchoring effect does exist.In addition,a change in the court conviction or in the trial sentencing circumstances and the availability of a defense lawyer may weaken the anchoring effect of the procuratorate＇s sentencing recommendations.As a form of cognitive bias,the presence of the anchoring effect in the area of sentencing further highlights the necessity of applying analyses based on legal realism to the field of criminal justice in China;and at the institutional level,it demands that judges adopt corresponding arrangements to ensure the impartial exercise of discretion.展开更多
In the field of law, particularly in the area of legal proceedings and other types of dispute settlement, judicial organs can achieve the best allocation of judicial resources by summary handling of the simple cases, ...In the field of law, particularly in the area of legal proceedings and other types of dispute settlement, judicial organs can achieve the best allocation of judicial resources by summary handling of the simple cases, which are in the majority, and optimizing the complex ones, which are in the minority. Summary handling of the simple majority means reducing the marginal cost of judicial activities in accord with the principle of simplifying procedures but not rights while improving judicial effectiveness and promoting judicial justice in a way predicated on protecting the fundamental rights of legal actors. According to quantitative analysis based on trials in which the defendant entered a plea of guilty, there is still plenty of room to optimize the resource allocation mechanism in the field of criminal justice. Implementing the summary procedure confirmed in the 2012 Criminal Procedure Law requires that the judicial organs guarantee defendants who have pleaded guilty the right to a lawyer. It also requires the improvement of judicial efficiency at the stages of investigation, bringing a case, and trial. Only by doing so can we scientifically allocate criminal justice resources overall and effectively promote judicial justice.展开更多
文摘As extrinsic rewards become very limited under organizational retrenchments, organizations should rely heavily on other types of rewards, such as intrinsic rewards, to improve the performance of those employees who have been overwhelmed with a perception of job insecurity. This paper examines the impact of such perception, along with many other positive influencers such as enhancement in job features, recognition, and the personal values of those employees on the organizational involvement. The data analyzed were based on a sample of 34 employee respondents from a project based engineering and service company （identified as ABC Company in this paper） operating in the Middle East. The adopted research approach is basically a quantitative approach. The correlation and regression analysis tools have been used to explore this relationship. The results of this study suggest a generally unnoticed and disregarded resource that has the prime effect on improving and enhancing the organizational involvement, which is the recognition those employees receive from the management. This research suggests that recognition, as the top influencer, has a strong impact on organizational involvement/psychological attachment for the employees. The other factors that have proved to have the second degree influence on organizational involvement are enhancement in job features, increase in the job security level, and personal values.
基金Supported by the Philosophy and Social Sciences Foundation of Shanghai(No.:2017BFX001)Shanghai’s Outstanding Young Talents Projects
文摘The anchoring effect is a powerful and widespread cognitive phenomenon in the decision-making field.Our quantitative analysis of a sample of 520 sentences indicates that the sentencing recommendation of the public procuratorate has a marked influence upon the court＇s sentencing judgment.That is,whether we are investigating the freedom penalty,the fine penalty or the term of probation imposed by the judge,we find that the anchoring effect does exist.In addition,a change in the court conviction or in the trial sentencing circumstances and the availability of a defense lawyer may weaken the anchoring effect of the procuratorate＇s sentencing recommendations.As a form of cognitive bias,the presence of the anchoring effect in the area of sentencing further highlights the necessity of applying analyses based on legal realism to the field of criminal justice in China;and at the institutional level,it demands that judges adopt corresponding arrangements to ensure the impartial exercise of discretion.
文摘In the field of law, particularly in the area of legal proceedings and other types of dispute settlement, judicial organs can achieve the best allocation of judicial resources by summary handling of the simple cases, which are in the majority, and optimizing the complex ones, which are in the minority. Summary handling of the simple majority means reducing the marginal cost of judicial activities in accord with the principle of simplifying procedures but not rights while improving judicial effectiveness and promoting judicial justice in a way predicated on protecting the fundamental rights of legal actors. According to quantitative analysis based on trials in which the defendant entered a plea of guilty, there is still plenty of room to optimize the resource allocation mechanism in the field of criminal justice. Implementing the summary procedure confirmed in the 2012 Criminal Procedure Law requires that the judicial organs guarantee defendants who have pleaded guilty the right to a lawyer. It also requires the improvement of judicial efficiency at the stages of investigation, bringing a case, and trial. Only by doing so can we scientifically allocate criminal justice resources overall and effectively promote judicial justice.
