杜甫《赠司空王公思礼》一诗发微——与朝鲜李敬舆次韵诗的比较为中心

《赠司空王公思礼》一诗算不上杜诗中的杰作,但是通过比较朝鲜人李敬舆模仿此诗而作的次韵诗,仍然可从中清晰地看到杜诗的与众不同。首先,杜甫在诗歌中采用细致的写实手法去述说史实,并将各个事件紧密衔接,所以读他的诗,头脑里总能浮现出一幕幕画卷。其次,杜甫对感情的抒发,不是火山式的喷发,而是曲折婉转般的回旋,所以读他的诗,总让人感到情意深沉且回味绵长。再次,杜甫爱用典且善用典,他不仅通过改用与反用古人故事的方法来活用典故,还将典故与句子完美契合,做到用典而不留痕迹,所以读他的诗,总能兴趣盎然而不被字词所绊。朝鲜人李敬舆虽也极力模仿《赠司空王公思礼》一诗,由于仅仅停留在样式布局的表层上,没能领悟杜诗之精髓,故其模仿的结果是形似而神异。

A Part-Refund Model for Airline Overbooking Problem

In this paper, a mathematical model about the optimal booking level problem in airline overbooking rnanageanent is proposed. Firstly, the normal distribution is employed to approximate Poisson requests and binomial goshows. By calculating the mean loss, a model to describe the relationship between booking level and flight revenue is established. Then, an equation is deduced to decide the optimal booking level. Finally, a numerical example is utilized to illustrate the proposed model and discuss the impact of refund rate on the optimal booking level and the mean loss.

Sudden Decline of Flying-Boat Commercial Airlines in 1950s： Its Cause and Implications for Revival

1930s was the golden age for the flying-boat airlines in the world, notably the Pan Am Clipper transpacific and transatlantic routes, and the （British） Imperial Airways UK-Africa and UK-Australia/Far East routes. The major advantage of the flying boats was its endless runway （i.e., ocean or lake） and resultant possibilities for larger aircrafts than land-based airliners. Airlines such as Pan Am made large investments in the 1930s for flying boats, their special terminals by the water, and the worldwide flying-boat air route network. However, in the late 1940s to early 1950s, the flying boats suddenly disappeared due to the rapid development of land-based large airliners and long runways, according to the previous studies. The author conducted historical research on this topic, and found another reason： rapid decline in the high-income population who used to travel by flying boat scheduled flights. Also found was a recent surge of the luxury market, and steady increase in the cruise-ship passengers. Hence, there could be implications for revival of the flying boat flights as luxury cruise, rather than as scheduled flights.

Alternate solutions for mine ventilation network to keep a preassigned fixed quantity in a working place

In underground constructions, a good ventilation design not only delivers fresh air to establish good working environment, but also provides a scientific and reliable basis to prevent disasters. In emergency cases, unexpected closure of the main airways may occur, providing the workers with alternative airways is substantial. This is important not only to sustain personnel lives, but also to prevent the mine ventilation system from damage. In this research, alternate solutions were introduced in case of failure in the underground construction to keep a pre-assigned fixed quantity in a working place for mine ventilation network. Eight different collapse scenarios were proposed to study their effect on the air quantity distribution among the branches in the ventilation circuit. From these scenarios, it is found that providing a sufficient air quantity in the working places could be achieved through modification of the network topology and adjusting the values of the regulators pressure. It is also indicated that the distance between the collapse and working places has a great effect on the amount of air delivered to it. A reduction in the power consumption could be done by re-arrange the installed regulators and decreasing the number of nodes and branches inside the network. A relationship representing the effect of changing the network topology on the total network power consumption was deduced through regression analysis. It is found that the total network power is quadratic dependent on the number of regulators and number of branches while it is directly dependent on the regulator power.

Continental Airlines and China Southern Airlines Announce Strategic Partnership

Frequent flyer reciprocity to start in September;coclesharing to start in November.

Numerical simulation of particle deposition in obstructive human airways

To investigate airflow pattern and its impact on particle deposition, finite-volume based computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulations were conducted in the diseased triple-bifitrcation airways. Computations were carried out for twenty Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 2 000 in the step of 100. Particles in the size range of 1-10 μm were conducted. Two particle deposition mechanisms （gravitational sedimentation and inertial impaction） were considered. The results indicate that there are strong relationship between airflow structures and particle deposition patterns. Deposition efficiency is different for different particles in the whole range of the respiratory rates. Particles in different sizes can deposit at different sites. Smaller particles can be uniformly deposited at the inside wall of the considered model. Larger particles can be mainly deposited in the proximal bifurcations. Deposition fraction varies a lot for different inlet Reynolds numbers. For lower Reynolds numbers, deposition fraction is relatively small and varies a little with varying the diameters. For Reynolds number to target the aerosols at the specific site. higher Reynolds numbers, there is a most efficient diameter for each

Landform Classification for Community Siting: A case Study in Quxian County, China

This study is to explore a suitable method to classify landform, in order to support the decision making for community siting in mountainous areas.It first proposes the landform classification for community siting(LCCS) method with detailed discussions on its rationality and the chosen parameters.This method is then tested and verified in Quxian county.The LCCS method entails twograde parameters, which uses relative relief as the first grading parameter, slope as the second, followed by a synthesis process to form a suitable landform classification system.By applying the LCCS method in Quxian county, the result shows that its use of watershed to identify geomorphometric units, and its use of the altitude datum concept, can effectively classify landform according to the local cultural traditions, and the economic and environmental conditions.The verification result shows that comparing to the conventional methods, the LCCS method respects to people's daily experience due to its bottom-up approach.It not only help to minimize the disturbance to the nature when choosing locations for community development, but also helps to prepare more precise land management policies,which maximizes agricultural production and minimizes terrain transformation.

Air China Signs Deal to Buy 23 Airbus Passenger Jets

Air China has signed a deal to buy 23 Airbus A320 passenger planes.

China-Venezuela Space Cooperation Benefits and Review

For the last 10 years,the Venezuelan aerospace industry has been constantly growing,and it is to be expected to continue in the same way in the future.China and its space industry,as the main partner for most of the ongoing Venezuelan space projects from their beginning,has been an important player in their development and may continue acting as one of the most important partners not only for the Venezuelan aerospace industry but also for other Latin-American countries' aerospace industries.ABAE(Bolivarian Agency for Space Activities) together with the related Chinese aerospace companies,with the guidance and help of CGWIC,has been constantly improving its cooperation methods,regarding technical work flows as well as management activities,especially for the latest's space projects under development,namely the CIDE(Venezuelan Design,Assembly,Integration and Testing Center) and VRSS-2(Venezuelan Remote Sensing Satellite-2) programs.Provided that there is a deeper and stronger cooperation in the future,partnership and friendship of the different scientists,experts and leaders from the space sectors of both countries,will be improved and strengthened for the development of both nations social welfare.

Mass Tourism and Air Transport, an Inevitable Relationship： The Case of Canary Islands

The tourist industry, as global mass phenomenon, is inextricably linked to the evolution of air transport systems and air carriers, in turn, depends on tourism to ensure stability in routes and prices. Therefore, both sectors must face the new challenges together, the transport industry is heading a problem of energy and cost overruns, that inevitably will affect tourism in the short term. The first energy crisis that they are starting to live, has been mitigated by changes in three parameters： （1） the international regulation of commercial aviation; （2） the connectivity and business （birth of low cost companies） models; and （3） the new policies for climate change and gas emission. So far, the rapid growth of the tourist industry has being held on a fast and cheap access to transport energy resources based on the false belief of unlimited access to energy. The article is a review of the state of the art, and the research papers published on air transportation, relating to tourism and the emergence of low cost airlines, in order to give a global vision for the decision makers of mass destinations, as it is the case of the Canary Islands that we will use as a reference.

An assessment of Charter airline benefits for Port Elizabeth and the Eastern Cape

Tourism is becoming a vital component for economic development in South Africa. The income generated by the tourism industry is about 6% of the GDP, which is significant but still falls short of the goal set by the White Paper on Tourism in 2000. In the light of South Africa hosting the 2010 Football World Cup, it is important to identify ways of sustainable tourism development that would continue to increase the benefits to the economy long after the event＇s over. The main objective of the research was to explore an idea for increasing the level of tourist income generated in the Port Elizabeth （Eastern Cape） area. The idea was researched by means of conducting a cost-benefit analysis of two tourist related projects. These projects would introduce Charter airline services between Europe and Port Elizabeth. A second objective was to identify constraints on the project or market failures which would prevent their implementation. The economic theory behind the operation of an airline showed that lease costs and aeroplane operating costs are the two most important factors determine Charter airline＇s profitability. In order to offset these costs, airlines must achieve high passenger load factors. Charter airlines have the advantage over scheduled airlines, in that they will only fly if a minimum level of people has pre-booked seats. Two aeroplanes were chosen for comparison purpose： an Airbus A 340-300 and a Boeing 767-300ER. The private benefits calculated were based on load factors between 80 and 95 percent for ticket prices of USD 667 and USD 773. In addition, to private costs and benefits, social benefits were also estimated in the form of additional secondary revenue generated. With the introduction of net social benefits, both projects become profitable. A 50 percent substitution of revenue generated by the Charter tourists reduces the profits for the both projects drastically. A project based on a Boeing 767-300ER is the most efficient project as it has the highest NPV and BCR values. A reduction in the lease cost of the Airbus 340-300 could make projects based on it more competitive. A few constraints on the establishment of a Charter airline operator based in Port Elizabeth are： the lack of adequate runway for the landing of the long-haul carriers and the need of a larger liberalisation of the aviation policy by eliminating protectionism. The cost benefit analysis undertaken in this research does not take into account social costs and benefits to the economy of establishing a Charter airline based in Port Elizabeth, such as an employment, infrastructure development and poverty alleviation. Nevertheless the analysis does suggest that there are strong private and social benefits warranting the establishment of an airline business between Europe and Port Elizabeth. The economic benefits of the tourism industry and its link to airline travel are outlined in section 3. It is shown that the growth of the airline industry is a major component and contributor to tourism growth.

Airport Passenger Personalized Service System in Era of Big Data

With the continuous growth of civil aviation passenger traffic, airlines and airports must constantly improve the level of operation and management, in order to meet the high quality and the high level of passenger demand for personalized service. This paper puts forward that the airport passenger personalized service system in the era of big data, which can achieve high precision indoor and outdoor positioning seamless switch through using the integration of GPS and Beacon technology. Personalized service client for mobile intelligent terminal was developed to provide more convenient, efficient, dynamic and personalized airport information service for airport passenger.

乙瑛碑

[碑文]司徒臣雄,司空臣戒[1],稽首[2]言:鲁前相瑛书言:诏书崇圣道[3],勉学艺。孔子作《春秋》,制《孝经》,删定《五经》[4],演《易·系辞》,经纬天地[5],幽瓒神明[6],故特立庙。褒成侯四时来祠,事已即去。庙有礼器,无常人掌领,请置百石卒史一人[7],典主守庙,春秋飨礼[8],财出王家钱给犬酒直。须报,谨问大常祠曹掾冯牟,史郭玄。辞对:故事辟雍礼未行[9],祠先圣师[10]。侍祠者,孔子子孙,大宰。

新出元華光墓誌與元媛柔墓誌所見元魏宗女的婚姻和信仰

近年西安南郊少陵原出土了三方周隋時期的比丘尼墓誌,這三方墓誌分别爲北周天和五年(570年)《雍州等覺寺比丘尼僧華墓誌》、隋開皇二年(582年)《魏彭城郡公主尼元之墓誌》與隋開皇二年(582年)《比丘尼元之墓誌》。前兩方墓誌誌主係同一人,即元華光,後一方墓誌誌主爲元媛柔,二者爲姑侄關係。

Economic Analysis of using Above Ground Gas Storage Devices for Compressed Air Energy Storage System

Above ground gas storage devices for compressed air energy storage(CAES) have three types:air storage tanks,gas cylinders,and gas storage pipelines.A cost model of these gas storage devices is established on the basis of whole life cycle cost(LCC) analysis.The optimum parameters of the three types are determined by calculating the theoretical metallic raw material consumption of these three devices and considering the difficulties in manufacture and the influence of gas storage device number.The LCCs of the three types are comprehensively analyzed and compared.The result reveal that the cost of the gas storage pipeline type is lower than that of the other two types.This study may serve as a reference for designing large-scale CAES systems.

The BRICS and Beyond： Insights into Human Development/Security from ＂Global Governance＂ ？

The decade of the BRICS is leading to the reanalysis of global relations, encouraged by the simultaneous rise of emerging markets and decline of the eurozone PIIGS. But is the trajectory towards global reorder and/or disorder？ Development like capitalisms and regionalisms is increasingly diverse： heterogeneous transnational networks best approached through a global studies frame？ Together these factors impact the balance between developmental and fragile states in African as elsewhere. And there are debates about what is emerging： companies？ econo- mies？ states？ and/or societies？ Meanwhile, the ＂global＂ increasingly includes informal and illegal economies, especially TOC, including transnational Chinese mafias. Transnational governance continues to widen its scope to include airline and container alliances as well as a trio of commissions on drugs.

Possible Spectrums of 3×3 Upper Triangular Operator Matrices

Let H1, H2 and H3 be infinite dimensional separable complex Hilbert spaces. We denote by M（D,V,F） a 3×3 upper triangular operator matrix acting on Hi ＋H2＋ H3 of theform M（D,E,F）=（A D F 0 B F 0 0 C）.For given A ∈ B（H1）, B ∈ B（H2） and C ∈ B（H3）, the sets ∪D,E,F^σp（M（D,E,F））,∪D,E,F ^σr（M（D,E,F））,∪D,E,F ^σc（M（D,E,F）） and ∪D,E,F σ（M（D,E,F）） are characterized, where D ∈ B（H2,H1）, E ∈B（H3, H1）, F ∈ B（H3,H2） and σ（·）, σp（·）, σr（·）, σc（·） denote the spectrum, the point spectrum, the residual spectrum and the continuous spectrum, respectively.

L(d_1,d_2,...,d_t)-Number λ(C_n;d_1,d_2,...,d_t) of Cycles

An L（d0,d2,...,dt）-labeling of a graph G is a function f from its vertex set V（G） to the set {0,1,..., k} for some positive integer k such that If（x） - f（y）l ≥di, if the distance between vertices x and y in G is equal to i for i = 1,2,...,t. The L（d1,d2,...,dt）-number λ（G;d1,d2,... ,dt） of G is the smallest integer number k such that G has an L（d1,d2,...,dr）- labeling with max{f （x）｜x ∈ V（G）} = k. In this paper, we obtain the exact values for λ（Cn; 2, 2, 1） and λ（Cn; 3, 2, 1）, and present lower and upper bounds for λ（Cn; 2,..., 2, 1,..., 1）

Application of Online Reverse Auctions in Revenue Management of Airline Company

Based On the online reverse auction formalism in Priceline.com, In this paper,the use of online reverse auctions in airline companies revenue management is highlighted.This research examines the process of online reverse auctions in detail, point out the potential benefits of online reverse auctions. At last we examines how the online reverse auction mechanism design for optimal allocation.

ECONOMY

Helicopter Purchase A Chinese consortium has ordered100 H135 twin-engine helicopters from Airbus Helicopters and will build a fnal assembly line in Qingdao,east China’s Shandong Province,Airbus said on June 13.In a press release,Airbus said that the consortium is made up of China Aviation Supplies Holding Co.,Qingdao United General Aviation Industrial Development Co.and CITIC Offshore Helicopter Co.Ltd.