模型试验下的公路边坡合位移演化分析

为了明确底部开挖对公路边坡稳定性的影响,以梅州至平远高速公路工程为背景,采用多步开挖的方法结合全尺寸边坡模型进行试验。在坡体中布置6个监测点记录坡向及垂直位移,随后将两方向位移作为分量进行组合位移计算分析,并结合试验结果进行归纳。研究结果表明1)边坡上部区域整体稳定,内部应力变化慢,滑坡往往由内部蠕变造成,因此上部区域合位移偏角值较为稳定,而下部区域因易受开挖影响,位移角波动显著;2)通过对边坡下部区域计算,其滑动面倾角理论值为30°~60°,试验中观测到了一致的情况,而受土体堆积作用,后期土体断面几乎与坡面平行。研究得到了滑坡发生前合位移的偏转角及滑坡断面方向变化规律,相关结果可作为预测边坡稳定性的重要指标,对评估公路边坡稳定性具有一定的借鉴意义。

滑坡深部位移监测孔合位移计算与分析

深部位移监测是滑坡安全稳定监测的重要技术手段之一。由于滑坡滑动方向与测斜管方位角可能存在偏差、数据分析方法片面等原因,从而导致工程师对滑坡的变形失稳特征的认识和判断出现错误,影响滑坡防治措施的实施。提出滑坡深部位移监测孔合位移的计算方法,并且采用基于极点等密度图和倾向玫瑰花图的滑坡滑动方向方位角计算方法,有效确定了滑动方向,简化了滑坡深部位移数据分析过程。通过工程监测实例,验证了该方法的适用性。该文提出的滑坡深部位移监测孔合位移计算与分析方法对深部位移监测和滑坡防治设计提供了参考。

复合载荷作用下结构的响应仿真

在静力和随机振动联合载荷作用下结构的响应仿真较复杂,本文从合位移及Von Mises应力的表达式出发,再根据随机变量的相关数学运算,推导出结构在静力和随机振动复合环境下合位移及Von Mises应力均方根值的表达式,并利用有限元软件ANSYS后处理模块中的相关功能,得到结构在复合载荷作用下的响应。

矿用无轨设备列车滑靴式平板车的研制

设备列车用于载运供电、液压动力源等煤矿重型设备,应用环境复杂恶劣。区别于传统轨道滑移式平板车,研制一种滑靴式平板车,减小与巷道底板的接触比压,增大对巷道底板的适应性。模拟单车承重40 t状态下的受力、变形情况,结果显示,最大等效应力为101 MPa,合位移为0.9 mm,满足平板车使用的强度与刚度要求。

基于多段式开挖的全尺模型边坡位移分析

根据现场勘察发现,底部开挖对边坡稳定性易产生不利影响,从而引起滑坡等地质灾害的发生。对全尺寸模型边坡下部多段式开挖进行实验分析,建立了一种基于位移分析的边坡稳定性评估方法。模型实验中在边坡的上部和下部共计6个点测量边坡向上和垂直于坡面的位移,研究结果表明:在所有测量点都崩塌前,沿坡面方向会位移迅速增加;坡面垂直方向上多点的位移趋于定值,但也存在单调增加的点;研究中使用坡向和垂直向位移作为分矢量,再进行合位移分析,出现了边坡开挖后从发生蠕变至坍塌的过程中,坡向位移增大而合位移几乎不变的结果。综上所述,相对于单纯坡向位移,合位移的变化量是分析挖掘引起边坡失稳的重要指标。

Efficient in-situ end-functionalization of polydienes by isothiocyanate via neodymium mediated coordinative chain transfer polymerization system

End-functionalization of polydiene rubbers can not only improve its compatibility with inorganic fillers,but also enhance the overall mechanical properties.Nevertheless,for traditional neodymium(Nd)diene polymerization systems,it is highly challenging to achieve such end-functionalizations,because most of polydienyl chains are capped withη3-allyl-Nd moiety during the end of polymerization,which shows very poor reactivity with nucleophile compounds.We launched a new diene polymerization strategy calling coordinative chain transfer polymerization(CCTP)[1].In such a system,all the polydienyl chains are capped withη1-allyl-Al moieties,which reveal greater reactivity with cyclic esters and epoxide compounds,providing an effective manner to prepare polydiene-polyester amphiphilic block copolymers.Inspired by such findings,we now show herein how such types of chain-ends react with isot-hiocyanate to demonstrate an efficient in-situ manner to access end-functionalized polydienes by using CCTP.

动臂塔塔吊不利荷载工况下的承载力验算

根据已有项目某塔的塔吊在施工过程中遇到的不利工况,本文综合分析并采用ansys有限元软件建立2台ZSL1250动臂塔核心筒结构中的局部模型,针对8个典型不利荷载工况进行加载,得出塔吊对结构的影响受力.

基于监测数据的边坡变形破坏形式分析

某一级厂房后边坡在工程运营期间,遇到了严重的边坡稳定性问题,加上降雨入渗的影响,使得边坡稳定性问题更加突出。通过运用精密光学观测技术得到的数据进行计算得到坡面变形合位移大小及产状,统计合位移方位角的优势角度,查清边坡变形破坏的机理以及发展趋势。通过对坡面变形合位移方向的统计分析可知,厂房后边坡存在3种潜在的变形破坏形式,即残坡积层内部的圆弧滑动破坏、残坡积层沿基岩面的蠕滑破坏和卸荷带岩体追踪缓倾角次生夹泥产生整体滑动破坏。

学习“平抛运动”应弄清的几个问题

平抛运动在《物理教学大纲》中有较高要求(B级),这一节的有关内容及处理方法又常在后面学习静电场时应用,因此在学习时必须弄清、弄透以下几个问题.1 平抛运动的分解处理方法平抛运动可分解为水平方向上的匀速直线运动和竖直方向的自由落体运动,为此我们在具体处理平抛运动时可以采用分解运动的方法,对每个分运动单独列方程.

Thermal activation parameters of V-5Cr-5Ti alloy under hot compression

In order to well understand the elementary mechanisms that govern the hot working process of a V？5Cr？5Ti alloy （mass fraction, %）, thermal activation parameters under compression were measured in a temperature range of 1373？1673 K by a Gleeble？3800 system. The results show that the stress exponentn is 4.87 and the activation energyQis 375.89 kJ/mol for the power law equation. The activation energy is determined as 288.34 kJ/mol, which is close to the self-diffusion energy of alloy （270？300 kJ/mol） by introducing a threshold stress（σ0） variable. The typical values of physical activation volume （Vp） and strain rate sensitivity （m） are measured as （120？700）b3 and 0.075？0.122, respectively, by the repeated stress relaxation tests. These activation parameters indicate that the rate controlling mechanism for V？5Cr？5Ti alloy compressed in ranges of 1373？1673 K and 0.001？1.0 s？1 is the dislocation climb by overcoming of forest dislocations.

Federated UKF algorithm for mobile location estimation with TDOA/Doppler measurements

In order to enhance the location estimation performance of mobile station（MS）tracking and positioning, a new method of mobile location optimal estimation based on the federated filtering structure and the simplified unscented Kalman filter （UKF） is presented. The proposed algorithm uses the Singer mobile statement model as the reference system, and the simplified UKF as the subfilters. The subfilters receive the two groups of independently detected time difference of arrival （TDOA） measurement inputs and Doppler measurement inputs, and produce local estimation outputs to the main estimator. Then the main estimator performs the optimal fusion of the local estimation outputs according to the scalar weighted rule, and a global optimal or suboptimal estimation result is achieved. Finally the main estimator gives feedback and reset information to the subfilters and the reference system for next step estimation. In the simulations, the estimation performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and compared with the simplified UKF method with TDOA or Doppler measurement alone. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the location estimation error and variance of the MS, and has favorable performance in both root mean square error（RMSE） and mean error cumulative distribution function（CDF）.

Multi-objective optimization of active steering system with force and displacement coupled control

A novel active steering system with force and displacement coupled control(the novel AFS system) was introduced,which has functions of both the active steering and electric power steering.Based on the model of the novel AFS system and the vehicle three-degree of freedom system,the concept and quantitative formulas of the novel AFS system steering performance were proposed.The steering road feel and steering portability were set as the optimizing targets with the steering stability and steering portability as the constraint conditions.According to the features of constrained optimization of multi-variable function,a multi-variable genetic algorithm for the system parameter optimization was designed.The simulation results show that based on parametric optimization of the multi-objective genetic algorithm,the novel AFS system can improve the steering road feel,steering portability and steering stability,thus the optimization method can provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the novel AFS system.

Performance of fixed geosynthetic technique of GRPS embankment

Geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported （GRPS） embankment has been increasingly constructed in a large number of regions and for a wide range of projects in the past decades. However, many disadvantages are exposed through a lot of applications on conventional technique of GRPS embankment （called CT embankment）, i.e., intolerable settlement and lateral displacement, low geosynthetic efficiency, etc. In view of these disadvantages, the fixed geosynthetic technique of GRPS embankment （called FGT embankment） is developed in this work. In this system, the geosynthetic is fixed on the pile head by the steel bar fulcrum and concrete fixed top. The principles and construction techniques involved in the FGT embankment are described firstly. Then, the numerical analysis method and two-stage analysis method are used to study the performance of FGT embankment, respectively. It is shown that the FGT embankment can provide a better improvement technique to construct a high embankment over soft ground.

Settlement calculation for long-short composite piled raft foundation

The mechanism of long-short composite piled raft foundation was discussed. Assuming the relationship between shear stress and shear strain of the surrounding soil was elasto-plastic, shear displacement method was employed to establish the different explicit relational equations between the load and the displacement at the top of pile in either elastic or elasto-plastic period. Then Mylonakis ＆ Gazetas model was introduced to simulate the interaction between two piles or between piles and soil. Considering the effect of cushion, the flexible coefficients of interaction were provided, With the addition of a relevant program, the settlement calculation for long-short composite piled raft foundation was developed which could be used to account for the interaction of piles, soil and cushion. Finally, the calculation method was used to analyze an engineering example. The calculated value of settlement is 10.2 ram, which is close to the observed value 8.8 mm.

Joint Estimation of Carrier Frequency and Phase Offset Based on Pilot Symbols in Quasi-Constant Envelope OFDM Satellite Systems

Spectral efficiency and energy efficiency are two important performance indicators of satellite systems. The Quasi-Constant Envelope Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(QCE-OFDM) technique can achieve both high spectral efficiency and low peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR). Therefore, the QCE-OFDM technique is considered as a promising candidate multi-carrier technique for satellite systems. However, the Doppler effect will cause the carrier frequency offset(CFO), and the non-ideal oscillator will cause the carrier phase offset(CPO) in satellite systems. The CFO and CPO will further result in the bit-error-rate(BER) performance degradation. Hence, it is important to estimate and compensate the CFO and CPO. This paper analyzes the effects of both CFO and CPO in QCE-OFDM satellite systems. Furthermore, we propose a joint CFO and CPO estimation method based on the pilot symbols in the frequency domain. In addition, the optimal pilot symbol structure with different pilot overheads is designed according to the minimum Cramer-Rao bound(CRB) criterion. Simulation results show that the estimation accuracy of the proposed method is close to the CRB.

基于两种DIC方法的含孔洞土样变形破坏观测

正确认识不同数字图像相关(DIC)方法的应变计算结果的差异有助于该方法的正确使用。岩土材料变形破坏过程中应变场的准确测量对于正确认识岩土材料的变形破坏机理具有重要的意义。利用自主研制的平面应变模型加载及观测系统,在垂直方向位移控制加载条件下开展了平面应变含孔洞土样(受内压和侧压作用)变形破坏过程实验研究。利用两种DIC方法(即中心差分方法和局部位移场最小二乘拟合方法)计算了应变场。与此同时,还根据清晰剪切带所处位置布置了曲折测线,并在其两侧布置了平直测线,详细地比较了两种DIC方法的应变计算结果的差异。发现了下列结果:随着纵向应变的增加,含孔洞土样最大剪切应变的分布由均匀分布向不均匀分布转化,并最终导致含孔洞土样发生贯穿土样的剪切破坏;2条平直测线上最大剪切应变不相等,剪切带内变形程度大于带外。利用局部位移场最小二乘拟合方法能较好地获得含孔洞土样孔洞表面附近的应变,当计算窗口=5×5个点时,应变更准确、平滑性更好,而利用中心差分方法获得的应变误差较大,且无法获得土样孔洞表面附近的应变。

Parameters of static response of carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) suspension cables

The feasibility of longer spans relies on the successful implementation of new high-strength light weight materials such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP). First, a dimensionless equilibrium equation and the corresponding compatibility equation are established to develop the cable force equation and cable displacement governing equation for suspension cables, respectively. Subsequently, the inextensible cable case is introduced. The formula of the Irvine parameter is considered and its physical interpretation as well as its relationship with the chord gravity stiffness is presented. The influences on the increment of cable force and displacement by λ2 and load ratio p′ are analyzed, respectively. Based on these assumptions and the analytical formulations, a 2000 m span suspension cable is utilized as an example to verify the proposed formulation and the responses of the relative increment of cable force and cable displacement under symmetrical and asymmetrical loads are studied and presented. In each case, the deflections resulting from elastic elongation or solely due to geometrical displacement are analyzed for the lower elastic modulus CFRP. Finally, in comparison with steel cables, the influences on the cable force equation and the governing displacement equation by span and rise span ratio are analyzed. Moreover, the influences on the static performance of suspension bridge by span and sag ratios are also analyzed. The substantive characteristics of the static performance of super span CFRP suspension bridges are clarified and the superiority and the characteristics of CFRP cable structure are demonstrated analytically.

Analytical analysis of pullout resistance of the hydraulic expansion rockbolts on a frictionally coupled model

This paper proposes an empirical formula to estimate the shear strength of hydraulic expansion rockbolts.The field experimental results were obtained from eleven pullout tests to evaluate the results computed by the proposed formula.It was found that shear resistance of hydraulic expansion rockbolts significantly depends on the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of rock,with high correlation coefficients of 0.7651 and0.8587,respectively.The developed formula enables estimation of the maximum pullout load in an analytical process without pullout tests in the field.Conversely,due to the poor interlocking at the initial pullout load,the measured displacements were higher than the estimated ones.To reduce the interlocking effects between bolt and rock,we recommend preloading of 29.4 kN.Preload allows reducing the distance between the measured and estimated displacement and making two load-displacement curves practically identical with marginal differences of 1.1 to 1.5 mm at the maximum pullout load.

SELECTION OF HORIZONTAL DISTANCE X BETWEEN ROADWAY AND THE EDGE OF ITS UPPER PILLAR

The horizontal distance X between roadway and the edge of its upper pillar is considered as an important parameter for layout of roadway in floor strata or in the adjacent coal seam. Based on the research achievements of rockstrata pressure, this paper illustrates the quantitative relationship among the mining situation of upper searn, the rockstrata properties around roadway, the vertital distanee Z (between roadway and its upper pillar), and the horizontai distance X (between roadway and the edge of its upper pillar), and provides a main basiS for the selection of value X and the relative location between roadway and its upper seam.