企业需要层次、关系承诺、合作类型的匹配研究

本文首先用企业需要层次理论,指出供应链企业可通过合作来满足不同发展阶段的需要。其次,以关系承诺为切入点,分析合作中企业为满足不同的需要而做出的承诺,并从合作的紧密程度角度将供应链企业间的合作划分为交易型合作、协作型合作和战略型合作三种类型,归纳出不同合作类型中双方的关系承诺程度。最后,将关系承诺作为中介变量,对处于同需要层次(或不同需要层次)的企业进行合作类型的匹配。

Trust and relationship commitment on cooperative performance of supply chain

Creating and sustaining trust in cooperative performances of the supply chain constitute critical strategic components.To study the influences of organizational and individual trust on the quality of commitment and cooperative performance,the relationships among organizational trust,individual trust,commitment and cooperative performances of the supply chain are discussed by case analysis.Questionnaire investigation is used to study the trust and relationship commitment among supply chain partnerships on cooperative performance.Results show that both organizational and individual trust are positively correlated with cooperative performance.The indirect effects of organizational trust on cooperative performance through relationship commitment is significantly greater than its direct effects.However,the indirect effects of individual trust on cooperative performance through relationship commitment is significantly less than its direct effects.It provides all essential basis for enterprises to establish and develop stable supply chain partnerships and to enhance competitive advantages.

战略释疑与克林顿的对华政策转向

冷战结束后不久,享受单极时刻的美国克林顿政府仅坚持了不到一年的强硬对华立场,就转向温和的中国政策。对此,既有研究多从美国角度作出解释,没有充分关注中国在这次政策转向中的作用。本文指出,这次政策转向是中国开展对美释疑外交的结果。释疑外交是国家在无政府状态下进行战略释疑的一种方案,特指释疑国通过言行一致、不可逆转甚至公开可见的行为方式,清晰作出有说服力的合作承诺,据此取信对象国决策者并促成合作的外交沟通策略。通过保证承诺清晰度和说服力,释疑国不仅可以规避恶意归因,还能在对象国内动员起足够多的政治支持,推动对象国执行合作政策。克林顿上任初期,中国政府正是通过清晰作出加快改革开放和稳定中美关系的合作承诺,动员起原本怀有疑虑的美国战略界和商界人士的政治支持,据此说服当时的美国政府逆转了强硬的对华政策。回顾中国对美释疑的历史经验,对处理当下中美关系的严峻局面也有所启示。