Peanut is an important oil crop and economic crop in China. In this pa- per, the status and advances of the factors affecting peanut photosynthesis, such as light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, ...Peanut is an important oil crop and economic crop in China. In this pa- per, the status and advances of the factors affecting peanut photosynthesis, such as light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, water deficit and fertility situation, the relationship between peanut photosynthetic rate and different cultivation system, and the relationship between peanut photosynthetic rate and varieties yield potential, were deeply reviewed, expecting to provide references for peanut variety breeding with high photosynthetic efficiency and high yield potential.展开更多
Technology was developed for obtaining ecologically pure composites containing nitrogenous fertilizers of prolonged action and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in order to increase productivity of cereal crops. As a res...Technology was developed for obtaining ecologically pure composites containing nitrogenous fertilizers of prolonged action and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in order to increase productivity of cereal crops. As a result of application of this composite nitrogenous fertilizer hectare norm decreases by 40%-55%, while productivity increases by 15%-30%, compared to those of the control.展开更多
Soybean （Glycine max： Fabaceae） is a mycotrophic （mycorrhizal） crop grown commercially for human consumption. Seven different fertilizer mixtures, namely cow dung, coir dust, mush room medium waste, saw dust, com...Soybean （Glycine max： Fabaceae） is a mycotrophic （mycorrhizal） crop grown commercially for human consumption. Seven different fertilizer mixtures, namely cow dung, coir dust, mush room medium waste, saw dust, compost, decaying leaves and field soil with standard dose of NPK （control） were used for this experiment. The variety used was PM 25. Soil microbial activity was measured using CO2 evolution method. The experiment was carried out as a complete randomized block design with five replicates at the rate of eight plants per replicate. Average number of leaves on 25-day and 45-day old plants, shoot-length, root-length, number of pods per plant, wet weight of pod per plant, dry weight of pod per plant, plant wet weight, plant dry weight and seed dry weight per pod were measured. All management practices were conducted according to recommendations of the Department of Agriculture from seed germination to harvesting. Data were analyzed using SAS program （9.1.3）. Highest number of pods/plant （100, 124, 102, 106） and dry-seed-weight in g/plant （12, 14.8, 12, 12） were recorded in those grown in cow dung, compost, decaying leaves and inorganic mixture （control） whereas the lowest pod production （8.7 pods/plant） and seed dry weight （1.0 g/plant） was recorded in saw dust. Instead of inorganic fertilizer there is possibility to use organic potting mixtures like compost and decaying leaves which gave a significant difference in crop productivity as compared to other treatments. Significantly highest mean microbial activity was observed in potting media filled with coir dust.展开更多
The accurate measurement of the dynamics of photosynthesis in China’s subtropical evergreen forest ecosystems is an important contribution to carbon(C) sink estimates in global terrestrial ecosystems and their respon...The accurate measurement of the dynamics of photosynthesis in China’s subtropical evergreen forest ecosystems is an important contribution to carbon(C) sink estimates in global terrestrial ecosystems and their responses to climate change. Eddy covariance has historically been the only direct method to assess C flux of whole ecosystems with high temporal resolution, but it suffers from limited spatial resolution. During the last decade, continuous global monitoring of plant primary productivity from spectroradiometer sensors on flux towers and satellites has extended the temporal and spatial coverage of C flux observations. In this study, we evaluated the performance of two physiological remote sensing indices, fluorescence reflectance index(FRI) and photochemical reflectance index(PRI), to measure the seasonal variations of photosynthesis in a subtropical evergreen forest ecosystem using continuous canopy spectral and flux measurements in the Dinghushan Nature Reserve in southern China.The more commonly used NDVI has been shown to be saturated and mainly affected by illumination(R^2=0.88, p <0.001), but FRI and PRI could better track the seasonal dynamics of plant photosynthetic functioning by comparison and are less affected by illumination(R^2=0.13 and R^2=0.51, respectively) at the seasonal scale. FRI correlated better with daily gross primary production(GPP) in the morning hours than in the afternoon hours, in contrast to PRI which correlated better with light-use efficiency(LUE) in the afternoon hours. Both FRI and PRI could show greater correlations with GPP and LUE respectively in the senescence season than in the recovery-growth season. When incident PAR was taken into account, the relationship between GPP and FRI was improved and the correlation coefficient increased from 0.22 to 0.69(p < 0.001). The strength of the correlation increased significantly in the senescence season(R^2=0.79, p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate the application of FRI and PRI as physiological indices for the accurate measurement of the seasonal dynamics of plant community photosynthesis in a subtropical evergreen forest, and suggest these indices may be applied to carbon cycle models to improve the estimation of regional carbon budgets.展开更多
文摘Peanut is an important oil crop and economic crop in China. In this pa- per, the status and advances of the factors affecting peanut photosynthesis, such as light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, water deficit and fertility situation, the relationship between peanut photosynthetic rate and different cultivation system, and the relationship between peanut photosynthetic rate and varieties yield potential, were deeply reviewed, expecting to provide references for peanut variety breeding with high photosynthetic efficiency and high yield potential.
文摘Technology was developed for obtaining ecologically pure composites containing nitrogenous fertilizers of prolonged action and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in order to increase productivity of cereal crops. As a result of application of this composite nitrogenous fertilizer hectare norm decreases by 40%-55%, while productivity increases by 15%-30%, compared to those of the control.
文摘Soybean （Glycine max： Fabaceae） is a mycotrophic （mycorrhizal） crop grown commercially for human consumption. Seven different fertilizer mixtures, namely cow dung, coir dust, mush room medium waste, saw dust, compost, decaying leaves and field soil with standard dose of NPK （control） were used for this experiment. The variety used was PM 25. Soil microbial activity was measured using CO2 evolution method. The experiment was carried out as a complete randomized block design with five replicates at the rate of eight plants per replicate. Average number of leaves on 25-day and 45-day old plants, shoot-length, root-length, number of pods per plant, wet weight of pod per plant, dry weight of pod per plant, plant wet weight, plant dry weight and seed dry weight per pod were measured. All management practices were conducted according to recommendations of the Department of Agriculture from seed germination to harvesting. Data were analyzed using SAS program （9.1.3）. Highest number of pods/plant （100, 124, 102, 106） and dry-seed-weight in g/plant （12, 14.8, 12, 12） were recorded in those grown in cow dung, compost, decaying leaves and inorganic mixture （control） whereas the lowest pod production （8.7 pods/plant） and seed dry weight （1.0 g/plant） was recorded in saw dust. Instead of inorganic fertilizer there is possibility to use organic potting mixtures like compost and decaying leaves which gave a significant difference in crop productivity as compared to other treatments. Significantly highest mean microbial activity was observed in potting media filled with coir dust.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0503803)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571192)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei,China(D2016302002)Science and Technology Planning Project of Hebei,China(17390313D)
文摘The accurate measurement of the dynamics of photosynthesis in China’s subtropical evergreen forest ecosystems is an important contribution to carbon(C) sink estimates in global terrestrial ecosystems and their responses to climate change. Eddy covariance has historically been the only direct method to assess C flux of whole ecosystems with high temporal resolution, but it suffers from limited spatial resolution. During the last decade, continuous global monitoring of plant primary productivity from spectroradiometer sensors on flux towers and satellites has extended the temporal and spatial coverage of C flux observations. In this study, we evaluated the performance of two physiological remote sensing indices, fluorescence reflectance index(FRI) and photochemical reflectance index(PRI), to measure the seasonal variations of photosynthesis in a subtropical evergreen forest ecosystem using continuous canopy spectral and flux measurements in the Dinghushan Nature Reserve in southern China.The more commonly used NDVI has been shown to be saturated and mainly affected by illumination(R^2=0.88, p <0.001), but FRI and PRI could better track the seasonal dynamics of plant photosynthetic functioning by comparison and are less affected by illumination(R^2=0.13 and R^2=0.51, respectively) at the seasonal scale. FRI correlated better with daily gross primary production(GPP) in the morning hours than in the afternoon hours, in contrast to PRI which correlated better with light-use efficiency(LUE) in the afternoon hours. Both FRI and PRI could show greater correlations with GPP and LUE respectively in the senescence season than in the recovery-growth season. When incident PAR was taken into account, the relationship between GPP and FRI was improved and the correlation coefficient increased from 0.22 to 0.69(p < 0.001). The strength of the correlation increased significantly in the senescence season(R^2=0.79, p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate the application of FRI and PRI as physiological indices for the accurate measurement of the seasonal dynamics of plant community photosynthesis in a subtropical evergreen forest, and suggest these indices may be applied to carbon cycle models to improve the estimation of regional carbon budgets.
