The distribution of light fraction carbon （LF-C） in the various size classes of aggregates and its relationship to water- stable aggregates as well as the influence of cultivation on the organic components in virgin...The distribution of light fraction carbon （LF-C） in the various size classes of aggregates and its relationship to water- stable aggregates as well as the influence of cultivation on the organic components in virgin and cultivated black soils were studied by wet sieving and density separation methods. The total organic carbon （TOC） and LF-C were significantly higher （P≤ 0.05） in the virgin soils than in the cultivated soils. The LF-C in aggregates of different size classes varied from 0.9 to 2.5 g kg^-1 in the cultivated soils and from 2.5 to 7.1 g kg^-1 in the virgin soils, whereas the ratio of LF-C to TOC varied from 1.9% to 7.3% and from 5.0% to 12.2%, respectively. After being incubated under constant temperature and controlled humidity for three months, the contribution of LF-C to TOC sharply decreased to an amount （1.7%4.5%） close to the level in soils that had been cultivated for 20 to 25 years （1.3%-8.8%）. As a result, the larger water-stable macro-aggregates （especially 〉 1 mm） decreased sharply, indicating that the LF-C pool in virgin soils declined quickly after cultivation, which reduced the water stability of soil aggregates.展开更多
In nature, cellulose, lignocellulose and lignin are major sources of plant biomass; their recycling is indispensable for global carbon cycle. The major portion of the municipal solid waste consists of lignocellulose. ...In nature, cellulose, lignocellulose and lignin are major sources of plant biomass; their recycling is indispensable for global carbon cycle. The major portion of the municipal solid waste consists of lignocellulose. The incineration of organic fraction of municipal solid waste （OFMSW） with high moisture content and low calorific value is not environmentally, techno-commercially viable option for energy recovery. Optimization of biomethanisation process is aim to maximize organic waste stabilization at short digestion period with higher energy recovery. The biomethanisation studies, demonstrate co-digestion of substrates improves CH4 yield due to nutrients balance. Fungi are low sensitive to environment, thrive in acidic environment and produces required multi-enzyme, attach to cell envelope and hydrolyze the substrate for energy recovery. Fermentation of cellulose by the monoculture results in the formation of H2, CO2, formate, acetate, lactate, succinate, and ethanol. In co-cultures with Methanobacterium, H2 and formate reduction indicates it＇s utilized in CH4 production. Engineered co-culture of microorganisms is essential for the heterogeneous complex organic substrate degradation for extraction of unutilized energy fraction of biomass, as potential source of energy.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on the project-driven alliance between the college and enterprise teaching mode and the applications on the contemporary vocational education. To achieve the aim of higher education ...In this paper, we conduct research on the project-driven alliance between the college and enterprise teaching mode and the applications on the contemporary vocational education. To achieve the aim of higher education popularization in our country, to vigorously develop vocational education is the important way. Higher vocational education for national and local economic development is the purpose of training the production, construction, management and service first line need to cultivate high quality personnel. Higher vocational education is the social demand as the primary guidance of employment education, cultivate the students should be a technology applied talents with skills. Our research proposes the novel guideline to deal with the mentioned issues which is applicable.展开更多
基金Project supported by the State Key Basic Research Development Program (No. G1999011804) the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCXZ-SW-416).
文摘The distribution of light fraction carbon （LF-C） in the various size classes of aggregates and its relationship to water- stable aggregates as well as the influence of cultivation on the organic components in virgin and cultivated black soils were studied by wet sieving and density separation methods. The total organic carbon （TOC） and LF-C were significantly higher （P≤ 0.05） in the virgin soils than in the cultivated soils. The LF-C in aggregates of different size classes varied from 0.9 to 2.5 g kg^-1 in the cultivated soils and from 2.5 to 7.1 g kg^-1 in the virgin soils, whereas the ratio of LF-C to TOC varied from 1.9% to 7.3% and from 5.0% to 12.2%, respectively. After being incubated under constant temperature and controlled humidity for three months, the contribution of LF-C to TOC sharply decreased to an amount （1.7%4.5%） close to the level in soils that had been cultivated for 20 to 25 years （1.3%-8.8%）. As a result, the larger water-stable macro-aggregates （especially 〉 1 mm） decreased sharply, indicating that the LF-C pool in virgin soils declined quickly after cultivation, which reduced the water stability of soil aggregates.
文摘In nature, cellulose, lignocellulose and lignin are major sources of plant biomass; their recycling is indispensable for global carbon cycle. The major portion of the municipal solid waste consists of lignocellulose. The incineration of organic fraction of municipal solid waste （OFMSW） with high moisture content and low calorific value is not environmentally, techno-commercially viable option for energy recovery. Optimization of biomethanisation process is aim to maximize organic waste stabilization at short digestion period with higher energy recovery. The biomethanisation studies, demonstrate co-digestion of substrates improves CH4 yield due to nutrients balance. Fungi are low sensitive to environment, thrive in acidic environment and produces required multi-enzyme, attach to cell envelope and hydrolyze the substrate for energy recovery. Fermentation of cellulose by the monoculture results in the formation of H2, CO2, formate, acetate, lactate, succinate, and ethanol. In co-cultures with Methanobacterium, H2 and formate reduction indicates it＇s utilized in CH4 production. Engineered co-culture of microorganisms is essential for the heterogeneous complex organic substrate degradation for extraction of unutilized energy fraction of biomass, as potential source of energy.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the project-driven alliance between the college and enterprise teaching mode and the applications on the contemporary vocational education. To achieve the aim of higher education popularization in our country, to vigorously develop vocational education is the important way. Higher vocational education for national and local economic development is the purpose of training the production, construction, management and service first line need to cultivate high quality personnel. Higher vocational education is the social demand as the primary guidance of employment education, cultivate the students should be a technology applied talents with skills. Our research proposes the novel guideline to deal with the mentioned issues which is applicable.
