落实“五重”要求,提高初中英语课堂教学实效

面对新市民子女占比较高,学生英语基础较弱,学习习惯较差的现状,英语课堂教学贯彻＂五重＂即＂重预习、重基础、重合作、重训练、重反馈＂要求,能切实提高英语课堂教学效果。

一种柔性直流输电系统PID-ANFIS优化控制方法

针对柔性直流输电系统(Voltage Source Converter based High-Voltage Direct-Current,VSC-HVDC)双闭环控制中PI控制存在参数整定困难及控制器数量过多等问题,提出一种具有PID功能的自适应神经元模糊推理系统(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System with PID function,PID-ANFIS)控制器用于该系统控制。其中,PID-ANFIS控制器兼有神经网络控制、二阶模糊控制及PID功能;同时提出的基于三重合作粒子群算法(Treble Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization,TCPSO)用于优化该控制器中神经网络参数。TCPSO采用由降维合作、分组合作与记忆合作组成的三重合作策略,极大程度上提升了神经网络参数优化的精度。深入研究了TCPSO优化PID-ANFIS控制器参数的步骤。基于TCPSO优化的PID-ANFIS控制器能够实现VSC-HVDC系统的直接功率控制效果。仿真结果表明该控制器具有控制速度快、超调量小、抗干扰能力强等优点,是VSC-HVDC控制系统的一个可行方案。

COOPERATIVE ARQ PROTOCOL FOR CORRELATED WIRELESS CHANNELS

A novel Automatic repeat ReQuest (ARQ) protocol called cooperative ARQ is presented in this let-ter, where a relay terminal is requested to retransmit an erroneously received packet, instead of the source ter-minal. The data link layer Packet Error Rate (PER) performance of cooperative ARQ is derived in correlated wireless channel. The results show that even though the relay-destination channel is worse than the source-destination channel, the new protocol outperforms the traditional one as long as the average SNR of the relay-destination channel is better than a certain threshold. It is also demonstrated that a second order diversity gain can be achieved with the cooperative ARQ protocol.

Kondo Effect Versus Magnetic Coupling in Indirectly Coupled Double Quantum Dots

We theoretically investigate a device consisting of two quantum dots （QDs） side-coupled to a quantum wire which has many physical ingredients of an artificial heavy fermion system. An extra parameter, the distance L between the two QDs, is introduced and it plays an important role on the competition of the Kondo temperature and magnetic coupling. Three different phases are found： antiferromagnetic phase, Kondo phase with spin S = 1/2, and Kondo phase with S = 1, depending on the distance L, the magnetic properties are qualitatively different for different phases： conductance tends to the unitary value 2e2 /h; for the S ： the distance. coupling, and the Kondo temperature. Quantum transport for the S = 1 Kondo and the antiferromagnetic phases, the 1/2 Kondo phase the conductance is strongly dependent onthe distance.

纪念孙中山先生逝世七十周年

纪念孙中山先生逝世七十周年云帆（一）国民革命启先河，百战艰难贡献多。帝制长埋劳策划，共和首创费张罗。一生都在谋成业，半刻河曾顾养病。堪叹英年仙逝早，神州道路遇陂陀。（二）风风雨雨转晴天，雾散云开月渐圆。港澳归还欣有日，陆台一统岂无年。三通可遂三生愿，...

Multifunctional graphene‐based composite photocatalysts oriented by multifaced roles of graphene in photocatalysis

Graphene(GR),a single‐layer carbon sheet with a hexagonal packed lattice structure,has displayed attractive potential and demonstrably become the research focus in artificial photocatalysis due to its enchanting properties in enhancing light absorption,electron transfer dynamics,and surface reactions.Currently,numerous efforts have shown that the properties of GR,which are closely correlated to the photocatalytic performance of GR‐based composites are significantly affected by the synthesis methods.Herein,we first introduce the optimization strategies of GR‐based hybrids and then elaborate the synthesis of GR‐based composite photocatalysts oriented by manifold roles of GR in photoredox catalysis,containing photoelectron mediator and acceptor,improving adsorption capacity,regulating light absorption range and intensity,as well as macromolecular photosensitizer.Beyond that,a brief outlook on the challenges in this burgeoning research field and potential evolution strategies for enhancing the photoactivity of GR‐based hybrids is presented and we anticipate that this review could provide some enlightenments for the rational construction and application of multifunctional GR‐based composite photocatalysts.

The Influence of Motivation and Depression in Second Language Learning

Depression is one of the most common illnesses affecting college students today. It is often related to low motivation. It can affect the ability to function, think, and feel. In learning process, learners are strongly affected by motivation. However, there is a group of students that is worthy of being noticed, and it seems that they have no motivation and lose interest in their study and other activities. According to a case study of Mr. WANG, the symptom of his depression was described, and the paper employing motivation theory aims at analyzing the depression severity and what causes depression, in order to uncover the students＇ inner problems and tries to find proper ways to motivate them and help them overcome the feeling of depression. Besides, the paper offers other options for solving the problem, such as speaking with a friend, partner, minister, professional counselor, or psychiatrist to canvass a different perspective

Studying on equilibriums between price and QoS in multi-provider overlay access networks

From the viewpoint of game theory, this paper proposes a model that combines QoS index with price factor in overlay access networks, and uses the multinomial logit （MNL） to model the choice behaviour of users. Each service class is considered an independent and competitive entity offered by each provider, which aims at maximizing its own utility. Based on noncooperative game, we prove the existence and uniqueness of equilibriums between QoS levels and prices among various service classes, and demonstrate the properties of equilibriums. Finally, these results are verified via ntunerieal analysis.

Cost Impact of Increasing Heavy Vehicle Loads on Bridges

This study aimed to investigate the cost impact of meeting the increase in freight demand by doubling the truck weight （AS 1 ）, doubling the traffic volume （AS2）, or legalizing a new-proposed-truck of 97-kip weight instead of the currently legal 80-kip truck （AS3）. The State of Michigan＇s average daily traffic database of year 2001 has been used as a case study. The study was applied only on the very common US Bridge with RC （reinforced concrete） deck over steel girder. Sampling criteria also includes the age of the bridges. The study covered the four-cost-impact categories provided by the NCHRP （National Cooperative Research Program）. The current truck weight and double traffic volume （AS2） show the best scenario to meet the increase in freight demand. However, doubling the truck weight with the current traffic volume （AS 1） was the worst scenario. The use of the proposed 97-kip truck with the current traffic volume （AS3） compromises both, meeting the increase in freight demand and the cost impact.

粤港澳公共图书馆数字化联网专题会议在深圳召开

2008年1月1 1日,粤港澳文化合作第九次会议第四组会议——公共图书馆数字化联网专题会议在深圳召开,广东省文化厅社会文化处处长陈小明先生负责召集会议,香港、澳门、广东省、深圳市等政府文化官员、图书馆馆长参加了会议。会议决定粤港澳三地2008年合作重点:举办"岁月的回忆"民俗人文展览,网上参考咨询,征集、展览和交换"地方文献特藏",在"世界读书日期间"

Cooperative Guidance Law Design for Simultaneous Attack with Multiple Missiles Against a Maneuvering Target

This paper considers the simultaneous attack problem of multiple missiles against a maneuvering target. Different from most of the existing literature in which the simultaneous attack problem is formulated as a consensus problem of missiles＇ time-to-go estimates, this paper formulates it as the consensus problem of missiles＇ ranges-to-go. Based on this strategy, novel distributed guidance laws are proposed to solve the simultaneous attack problem with the target of unknown maneuverability.Adaptive control method is introduced to estimate the upper bound of the target＇s acceleration. The effectiveness of the proposed guidance laws is verified both theoretically and numerically.

Improvement of oxytetracycline production mediated via cooperation of resistance genes in Streptomyces rimosus

Increasing the self-resistance levels of Streptomyces is an effective strategy to improve the production of antibiotics.To increase the oxytetracycline(OTC) production in Streptomyces rimosus,we investigated the cooperative effect of three co-overexpressing OTC resistance genes:one gene encodes a ribosomal protection protein(otrA) and the other two express efflux proteins(otrB and otrC).Results indicated that combinational overexpression of otrA,otrB,and otrC(MKABC) exerted a synergetic effect.OTC production increased by 179%in the recombinant strain compared with that of the wild-type strain M4018.The resistance level to OTC was increased by approximately two-fold relative to the parental strain,thereby indicating that applying the cooperative effect of self-resistance genes is useful to improve OTC production.Furthermore,the previously identified cluster-situated activator OtcR was overexpressed in MKABC in constructing the recombinant strain MKRABC;such strain can produce OTC of approximately7.49 g L^((-1)),which represents an increase of 19%in comparison with that of the OtcR-overexpressing strain alone.Our work showed that the cooperative overexpression of self-resistance genes is a promising strategy to enhance the antibiotics production in Streptomyces.

Preliminary notes on brain weight variation across labrid fish species with different levels of cooperative behaviour

Brain size and weight vary tremendously in the animal kingdom. It has been suggested that brain structural develop- ment must evolve balanced between the advantages of dealing with greater social challenges mad the energetic costs of maintain- ing and developing larger brains. Here we ask if interspecific differences in cooperative behaviour （i.e. cleaning behaviour） are related to brain weight variations in four close-related species of Labrid fish： two are obligatory cleanerfish throughout their en- tire life （Labroides dimidiatus and L. bicolor）, one facultative cleaner fish Labropsis australis and one last species that never en- gage in cleaning Labrichthys unilineatus. We first search for the link between the rate of species＇ cooperation and its relative brain weight, and finally, if the degree of social complexity and cooperation are reflected in the weight of its major brain sub- structures. Overall, no differences were found in relative brain weight （in relation to body weight） across species. Fine-scale dif- ferences were solely demonstrated for the facultative cleaner L. australis, at the brainstem level. Furthermore, data visual exami- nation indicates that the average cerebellum and brainstem weights appear to be larger for L. dimidiatus. Because variation was solely found at specific brain areas （such as cerebellum and brainstem） and not for the whole brain weight values, it suggests that species social-ecological and cognitive demands may be directly contributing to a selective investment in relevant brain areas. This study provides first preliminary evidence that links potential differences in cognitive ability in cooperative behaviour to how these may mediate the evolution of brain structural development in non-mammal vertebrate groups .

Treatment for severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial hernia in children

Objective: To explore the treating method for severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial hernia in children.Methods: We treated 58 children with severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial hernia through evacuating the hematomas, incising the tentorium but preserving the floating bone flap between January 1996 and January 2002.Results: GCS was 3-5 in 17 cases and 6-8 in 41 cases. After treatment, 46 patients ((79.30)%) recovered well, 6 ((10.30)%) suffered from mild disability, 1 ((1.72)%) suffered from severe disability, 1 ((1.72)%) was in vegetative state, and 4 ((6.90)%) died.Conclusions: Evacuating hematomas and incising tentorium can effectively treat the child patients with severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial hernia, which can decrease the disability and mortality rates greatly, preserve the skull, exempt reoperation for cranioplasty and relieve the psychologic and physiologic burden of the child patients.

Which is the determinant for cellulose degradation in cooperative ionic liquid pairs: dissolution or catalysis?

Catalytic conversion of sustainable cellulose to the value-added chemicals and high quality biofuel has been recognized as a perfect approach for the alleviation of the dependence on the non-renewable fossil resources. Previously, we successfully de- signed and explored novel and efficient cooperative ionic liquid pairs for this renewable material, which has advantages of high reactor efficiency than current technologies because of the dissolution and in situ catalytic decomposition mechanism. Here, the determinant of this process is further studied by the intensive investigation on the relationship between the cellulose conversion and the properties of ionic liquid catalyst and solvent. Scanning electron microscope （SEM）, thermogravimetric analysis （TG） and elemental analysis were used for the comparative characterization of raw cellulose and the residues. The re- suits demonstrate that this consecutive dissolution and in situ catalysis process is much more dependent on the dissolution ca- pability of ionic liquid solvent, while comparatively, the effect of in situ acid catalysis is relatively insignificant.

怀念聂荣臻元帅

~~

日益关注专用车 整车厂大举进入 “双赢”联盟能否建立

近一个月来,关于国内专用车行业的新闻此起彼伏。中集车辆"招安"梁山东岳后,在"挂车之乡"的影响与日俱增。与此同时,北汽福田与新疆广汇集团共同投资组建了新疆福田广汇专用车有限责任公司,陕西重汽与延安市合作建立了陕汽集团延安专用汽车有限责任公司;再联想起上半年一汽解放推出的"联合共享"政策,整车厂在专用车领域的频频动作,更是引起业内人士的广泛关注。这些厂家大规模进入专用车领域,或控股,或合作,会对专用车行业带来怎样的影响呢?