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数字人民币合同关系:双层架构及其法律效果 被引量:3
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作者 石文静 《安徽师范大学学报(社会科学版)》 2023年第4期94-106,共13页
以数字人民币为给付客体的合同关系已广泛生发于现实社会,与传统货币发行与流通中涉及的合同关系存在一定区别。尽管数字人民币具备无形性,但其可以被解释为财产权客体,以数字人民币为给付客体的合同可以适用或参照适用我国《民法典》... 以数字人民币为给付客体的合同关系已广泛生发于现实社会,与传统货币发行与流通中涉及的合同关系存在一定区别。尽管数字人民币具备无形性,但其可以被解释为财产权客体,以数字人民币为给付客体的合同可以适用或参照适用我国《民法典》合同编的有关规定。依托数字人民币发行层与流通层的双层运营模式,形成双层合同架构:发行层包括联盟链底层协议与钱包营运协议;流通层中涵摄子钱包营运协议与用户服务协议。不同类型的单个合同存在效力瑕疵或终止的不同情形;合同之间还将形成合同群落,产生关联效果,某一合同的效力瑕疵或终止可能造成合同群中其他合同当事人的一般违约或根本违约,产生继续履行等违约责任或直接导致合同终止。 展开更多
关键词 数字人民币 央行数字货币 双层合同 合同群 联盟链
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加害给付:当代合同义务群扩张视阈下的立法思考
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作者 安剑泉 《衡阳师范学院学报》 2011年第2期53-56,共4页
在当代合同义务群扩张的视阈下,把加害给付概念和履行利益、固有利益关联起来,提出典型加害给付和非典型加害给付的新界定。把非典型加害给付理解为广义的附随义务,就能把《合同法》中的先合同义务、后合同义务概念和合同履行中的附随... 在当代合同义务群扩张的视阈下,把加害给付概念和履行利益、固有利益关联起来,提出典型加害给付和非典型加害给付的新界定。把非典型加害给付理解为广义的附随义务,就能把《合同法》中的先合同义务、后合同义务概念和合同履行中的附随义务概念进行同类合并。其结果就是把《合同法》第42条、第43条(先合同义务)、第60条(履行过程中债务人的附随义务,即狭义的附随义务)、第92条(后合同义务)归并到关于"诚实信用原则"的"一般规定"之中。 展开更多
关键词 加害给付 合同义务 合同义务 附随义务 合同义务
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Construction of some hypergroups from combinatorial structures
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作者 AliRezaAshrafi AhmadRezaEslami-Harandi 《Journal of Zhejiang University Science》 CSCD 2003年第1期76-79,共4页
Jajcay's studies( 1993 ; 1994) on the automorphism groups of Cayley maps yielded a new product of groups, which he called, rotary product. Using this product, we define a hyperoperation ⊙ on the group Syme (G) , ... Jajcay's studies( 1993 ; 1994) on the automorphism groups of Cayley maps yielded a new product of groups, which he called, rotary product. Using this product, we define a hyperoperation ⊙ on the group Syme (G) , the stabilizer of the identity e ∈ G in the group Sym (G) . We prove that ( Syme (G) , ⊙) is a hypergroup and characterize the subhypergroups of this hypergroup.Finally, we show that the set of all subhypergroups of Syme ( G ) constitute a lattice under ordinary join and meet and that the minimal elements of order two of this lattice is a subgroup of Aut (G) . 展开更多
关键词 Finite group Rotary closed subgroup HYPERGROUP Sub hypergroup Combinatorial structures
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A Generalization about Congruent Pairs on a Set
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作者 黄骏敏 《Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics》 CSCD 1996年第2期98-101,共4页
In this paper,we cancel the condition of stable subsets of [1] and have got the same result with [1],we have also got some sufficient and necessary conditions about congruence of permutation group (G,T) is '= '.
关键词 permutation groups congruent pairs semigroups acting on sets
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保险说明义务程序化蜕变后的保险消费者保护 被引量:9
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作者 罗璨 《保险研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2013年第4期95-100,88,共7页
保险说明义务面临被法院滥用的困局,凸显出此制度程序化蜕变的既定事实与保险消费者保护目标之间的冲突。其根源在于,单个先合同阶段义务的制度供给与全方位消除保险消费者信息劣势的现实需求之间的矛盾。应借鉴德国关于先合同阶段义务... 保险说明义务面临被法院滥用的困局,凸显出此制度程序化蜕变的既定事实与保险消费者保护目标之间的冲突。其根源在于,单个先合同阶段义务的制度供给与全方位消除保险消费者信息劣势的现实需求之间的矛盾。应借鉴德国关于先合同阶段义务群的立法经验,构筑以保险人和保险中介的建议义务、信息提供义务为主的先合同阶段义务群机制,以缓冲说明义务制度的适用压力,实现保护保险消费者的公平目标。 展开更多
关键词 保险说明义务 程序说明义务 保险技术原理 保险消费者 合同阶段义务
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EVOLVING FROM COLLABORATING IN TEACHING——REFLECTIONS ON THE EVOLUTION OF A TEACHER PROFESSIONAL LEARNING COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE WITHIN A CHINESE UNIVERSITY
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作者 吕琳琼 《Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics》 2008年第3期55-65,47+127,共13页
基于实践社群( Wenger 1998)的相关研究,本文认为知识是动态的,需通过社会参与型学习实现。本文展现了一个为促进合作而建立的教师学习型实践社群(Newmann 1996)。两年半的实地参与性研究表明该社群的内部合作结构为表达分歧和协商异议... 基于实践社群( Wenger 1998)的相关研究,本文认为知识是动态的,需通过社会参与型学习实现。本文展现了一个为促进合作而建立的教师学习型实践社群(Newmann 1996)。两年半的实地参与性研究表明该社群的内部合作结构为表达分歧和协商异议提供了渠道;其合作结构的演变对激发社群的活力和生命力发挥了重要作用:合作结构的演变有助于成员能力的提升、自我身份的构建和社群领导权的合理分配。本文强调"不同"在社群发展中的作用,它不仅可以引发对话和改变,也为合理决策提供前提,是推动成员身份演变的必备要素。本研究可为有相似兴趣的教师——尤其是具有不同国籍和资历的教师——建立专业实践社群提供参考。 展开更多
关键词 learning community reflective dialogue COLLABORATION DIFFERENCES
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Split graphs whose half-strong endomorphisms form a monoid 被引量:1
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作者 LUO YanFeng ZHANG WenTing +1 位作者 QIN YingYing HOU HaiLonga 《Science China Mathematics》 SCIE 2012年第6期1303-1320,共18页
In this paper, the half-strong, the locally strong and the quasi-strong endomorphisms of a split graph are investigated. Let X be a split graph and let End(X), hEnd(X), 1End(X) and qEnd(X) be the endomorphism ... In this paper, the half-strong, the locally strong and the quasi-strong endomorphisms of a split graph are investigated. Let X be a split graph and let End(X), hEnd(X), 1End(X) and qEnd(X) be the endomorphism monoid, the set of all half-strong endomorphisms, the set of all locally strong endomorphisms and the set of all quasi-strong endomorphisms of X, respectively. The conditions under which hEnd(X) forms a submonoid of End(X) are given. It is shown that 1End(X) = qEnd(X) for any split graph X. The conditions under which 1End(X) (resp. qEnd(X)) forms a submonoid of End(X) are also given. In particular, if hEnd(X) forms a monoid, then 1End(X) (resp. qEnd(X)) forms a monoid too. 展开更多
关键词 split graphs half-strong endomorphism locally strong endomorphism quasi-strong endomor-phism MONOID
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Central extensions of generalized orthosymplectic Lie superalgebras
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作者 CHANG ZhiHua WANG YongJie 《Science China Mathematics》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第2期223-260,共38页
We completely determine the universal central extension of the generalized orthosymplectic Lie superalgebra ospm 12n(R,-) that is coordinatized by an arbitrary unital associative superalgebra (R,-) with superinvol... We completely determine the universal central extension of the generalized orthosymplectic Lie superalgebra ospm 12n(R,-) that is coordinatized by an arbitrary unital associative superalgebra (R,-) with superinvolution. As a result, an identification between the second homology group of the Lie superalgebra ospm|2n (R,-) and the first skew-dihedral homology group of the associative superalgebra (R,-) with superin-volution is created for positive integers m and n with (m, n)≠ (1, 1) and (m, n)≠(2, 1). The second homology groups of the Lie superalgebras ospm1|2(R,-) and ospm|2n (R,-) are also characterized explicitly. 展开更多
关键词 orthosymplectic Lie superalgebra universal central extension Z/2Z-graded skew-dihedral homol-ogy associative superalgebra with superinvolution
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Cluster Synchronization in Hybrid Coupled Discrete-Time Delayed Complex Networks
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作者 李涛 王婷 +1 位作者 杨欣 费树岷 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第11期686-696,共11页
This paper studies the exponential cluster synchronization in arrays of coupled discrete-time dynamical networks with time-varying delay, in which the hybrid coupling is involved. Through choosing two improved Lyapuno... This paper studies the exponential cluster synchronization in arrays of coupled discrete-time dynamical networks with time-varying delay, in which the hybrid coupling is involved. Through choosing two improved Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals, some delay-dependent sufficient conditions are presented based on reciprocal convex technique and Kronecker product. These criteria are presented in terms of LMIs and their feasibility can be easily checked by resorting to Matlab LMI Toolbox. Moreover, the addressed system can include some famous network models as its special cases and the effective techniques are used, which can extend some earlier reported results. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods can be further illustrated with the help of two numerical examples. 展开更多
关键词 DISCRETE-TIME delayed neural networks (DNNs) exponential cluster synchronization Kroneckerproduct LMI approach
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