Although Brazil has a long history of having insider trading laws （IT laws） in place and became the first emerging country to enforce the IT laws （Bhattacharya ＆ Daouk, 2002）, criminal sanctions and hefty monetar...Although Brazil has a long history of having insider trading laws （IT laws） in place and became the first emerging country to enforce the IT laws （Bhattacharya ＆ Daouk, 2002）, criminal sanctions and hefty monetary penalties were only made possible by the amendment of its laws against IT on October 31, 2001. We study the stock price effects of merger announcements made by 151 firms over two periods, before and after the change of IT laws. Our empirical results suggest that target firms attained positive price run-ups in pre-announcement windows before, but not after, the legal regime change. While acquiring firms had strong positive pre-announcement reactions in both legal regimes, the abnormal returns （AR） decreased in the more stringent legal regime. These results indicate that more stringent IT laws may deter IT and improve market efficiency in an emerging country.展开更多
The aim of the paper is to provide some evidences on relationships among the degree of financial integration, stock exchange markets, and volatility of national market returns. In this paper, the authors employ correl...The aim of the paper is to provide some evidences on relationships among the degree of financial integration, stock exchange markets, and volatility of national market returns. In this paper, the authors employ correlation and cluster analyses in order to investigate the impact of stock exchange consolidation on volatility of market returns, in terms of a financial integration between involved stock exchanges before and after the merger. By using the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity （GARCH） （1.1） model, the authors test the change in volatilities of national stock exchange markets involved in the following stock exchange integration case studies： Euronext, Bolsasy Mercados Espanoles （BME）, and Swedish-Finnish financial services company （OMX）. These three case studies are considered as completed cases of market consolidation, where the data are available enough to conduct the current research. By using daily data of national returns of engaged European stock markets from 1995 to 2007, the paper investigates the influence of stock exchange consolidation on volatility of national stock market returns. The obtained results confirm the gradual decrease of volatility in each of the integrated stock markets. However, the level of decrease in terms of volatility depends on economic characteristics of each engaged market and its degree of integration with other financial services. The results of correlation and cluster analyses confirm that stock operators have created significantly non-official integration links through cross-memberships and cross-listings even before the consolidations. Thus, the mergers among stock exchanges can be considered as the rational consequences of the high internal co-movements between involved markets. Furthermore, stock exchange markets with strong non-official integration links show an immediate decrease of volatility after the merger, meanwhile for others, it takes several years before the volatility can decrease as markets should reach the full integration.展开更多
文摘Although Brazil has a long history of having insider trading laws （IT laws） in place and became the first emerging country to enforce the IT laws （Bhattacharya ＆ Daouk, 2002）, criminal sanctions and hefty monetary penalties were only made possible by the amendment of its laws against IT on October 31, 2001. We study the stock price effects of merger announcements made by 151 firms over two periods, before and after the change of IT laws. Our empirical results suggest that target firms attained positive price run-ups in pre-announcement windows before, but not after, the legal regime change. While acquiring firms had strong positive pre-announcement reactions in both legal regimes, the abnormal returns （AR） decreased in the more stringent legal regime. These results indicate that more stringent IT laws may deter IT and improve market efficiency in an emerging country.
文摘The aim of the paper is to provide some evidences on relationships among the degree of financial integration, stock exchange markets, and volatility of national market returns. In this paper, the authors employ correlation and cluster analyses in order to investigate the impact of stock exchange consolidation on volatility of market returns, in terms of a financial integration between involved stock exchanges before and after the merger. By using the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity （GARCH） （1.1） model, the authors test the change in volatilities of national stock exchange markets involved in the following stock exchange integration case studies： Euronext, Bolsasy Mercados Espanoles （BME）, and Swedish-Finnish financial services company （OMX）. These three case studies are considered as completed cases of market consolidation, where the data are available enough to conduct the current research. By using daily data of national returns of engaged European stock markets from 1995 to 2007, the paper investigates the influence of stock exchange consolidation on volatility of national stock market returns. The obtained results confirm the gradual decrease of volatility in each of the integrated stock markets. However, the level of decrease in terms of volatility depends on economic characteristics of each engaged market and its degree of integration with other financial services. The results of correlation and cluster analyses confirm that stock operators have created significantly non-official integration links through cross-memberships and cross-listings even before the consolidations. Thus, the mergers among stock exchanges can be considered as the rational consequences of the high internal co-movements between involved markets. Furthermore, stock exchange markets with strong non-official integration links show an immediate decrease of volatility after the merger, meanwhile for others, it takes several years before the volatility can decrease as markets should reach the full integration.
