半导体激光器阵列横向波长分布与键合应力关系的研究

测试了半导体激光器阵列的横向波长分布。结果表明,多数阵列的波长分布出现了V型的"凹陷"。这一分布与器件工作温升引起的横向波长分布相反,根据半导体禁带宽度与应变关系的基本理论,说明这一波长分布反映了键合应力的状态。通过对键合应力产生机理的初步分析,提出了线性应力分布模型,很好地解释了现有的实验数据。实验和分析表明,激光器阵列横向波长分布的测量是键合应力探测的一个有用手段。

正畸学与咬合应力解析

正畸学与咬合应力解析东京医科齿科大学相马邦道从正畸临床角度而言，咬合状态应作为治疗目标的一个方面，在研究咬合状态和功能相互关系时由咀嚼肌群所引起的咬合应力是介于其中的最基本因素，也是评价咬合状态的最合适尺度，本报告介绍以有限元法研究牙、牙列和颌骨的形...

钢-预应力混凝土连续组合箱形梁的整体性能分析

视多室箱梁单位宽度为空腹桁架 ,取桁架的每根杆件为一平面梁单元 ,用三次插值函数描述其位移 ,单元节点位移参数用三次多项式表示为箱梁梁段单元节点位移参数的函数。这样箱梁梁段单元可分为翼板 (顶底板 )、腹板 (斜腹板 )、伸臂和横隔板单元。在进行有限元分析时将其直接迭加至总体刚度矩阵 ,编制相应的程序后可任意分析单箱多室、多箱多室及不规整的多种材料组成的组合箱梁。同时能分析箱梁的畸变、翘曲、局部变形、剪力滞后和荷载横向分布等。用本文编制的程序进行了一座复杂的钢 -预应力混凝土连续组合箱梁桥计算 。

分析层合材料槽孔应力的新型特殊层合杂交应力元

基于一种新的非匀质材料的扩展Hellinger-Reissner原理,及当一个单元域划分为不同材料特性子域,其元内位移及应力沿子域表面不连续时有限元刚度列式的简便方法,建立了新的具有一个无外力圆柱表面层合杂交应力元。单元各层内以整体坐标表示并以自然坐标插值的应力场,通过以非协调位移为权函数使齐次平衡方程变分满足的理性方法得到,此应力场同时严格满足给定圆柱面上无外力条件。单元间及各层间位移连续条件分别通过Largrange乘子进行了松弛。数值算例表明:在相当粗的网格下,新型元可提供较一般假定位移元及一般假定应力元更为准确的槽孔层板孔边应力。

核废料处置概念库开挖及封闭后近场热-水-应力耦合数值分析

考虑了缓冲层中温度梯度水分扩散、水蒸汽扩散对水连续性及能量守恒的影响,进一步完善了饱和-非饱和介质中热-水-应力耦合现象的控制方程。应用缓冲材料的实验资料,对核废料处置概念库开挖及封闭后近场的热-水-应力耦合过程进行了数值模拟,以考察围岩中的位移、塑性区、主应力、孔隙水压力和温度的分布及变化。认为开挖是引起洞室围岩中的变形及应力重新分布的主要原因,但坑道封闭后的热-水-应力耦合过程对变形及应力状态也产生了明显的影响。

预应力混凝土叠合梁正常使用极限状态试验研究

基于本试验和目前国内全部预应力混凝土叠合梁正常使用阶段试验结果 ,探讨了预应力混凝土叠合梁在正常使用阶段的受力特征 ,提出了可用于正常使用极限状态控制的计算公式 。

部分预应力混凝土迭合梁设计方法的探讨

本文推导的部分预应力砼迭合梁的设计方法,在使用阶段计算时采用考虑二次受力迭合效应的折算弯矩,在极限状态设计时采用设计弯矩,从而将迭合构件的设计转化为非迭合构件的设计,并且采用控制使用阶段预应力钢筋应力增量或非预应力钢筋应力来满足裂缝宽度控制要求。利用该方法进行部分预应力砼迭合梁的设计,可以较迅速地求出同时满足强度和裂缝宽度限制要求的预应力钢筋和非预应力钢筋的面积。

TC4合金应力松弛行为

研究了TC4合金的应力松弛行为,用二次延迟函数对实验数据进行了精确的拟合.研究表明,在应力松弛变形中,塑性应变速率与应力的双对数关系曲线呈现两段直线,存在槛应力.

Performance of water-coupled charge blasting under different in-situ stresses

Water-coupled charge blasting is a promising technique to efficiently break rock masses.In this study,numerical models of double boreholes with water-coupled charge are established using LS-DYNA and are calibrated by the tests of rock masses subjected to explosion loads to examine its performance.The crack levels of rock mass induced by water-coupled charge blasting and air-coupled charge blasting are first compared.It is found that water-coupled charge blasting is more appropriate to fracture deep rock mass than air-coupled charge blasting.In addition,the effects of rock properties,water-coupled charge coefficients,and borehole connection angles on the performance of water-coupled charge blasting are investigated.The results show that rock properties and water-coupled charge coefficients can greatly influence the crack and fragmentation levels of rock mass induced by water-coupled charge blasting under uniform and non-uniform in-situ stresses.However,changing borehole-connection angles can only affect crack and fragmentation levels of rock mass under non-uniform in-situ stresses but barely affect those under uniform in-situ stresses.A formula is finally proposed by considering the above-mentioned factors to provide the design suggestion of water-coupled charge blasting to fracture rock mass with different in-situ stresses.

Effect of quenching cooling rate on residual stress and microstructure evolution of 6061 aluminum alloy

In this study,the cooling rate was manipulated by quenching with water of different temperatures(30,60 and 100℃).Surface and internal residual stresses in the quenched 6061 aluminum alloy samples were measured using hole-drilling and crack compliance methods,respectively.Then,the processability of the quenched samples was evaluated at cryogenic temperatures.The mechanical properties of the as-aged samples were assessed,and microstructure evolution was analyzed.The surface residual stresses of samples W30℃,W60℃and W100℃is−178.7,−161.7 and−117.2 MPa,respectively along x-direction,respectively;and−191.2,−172.1 and−126.2 MPa,respectively along y-direction.The sample quenched in boiling water displaying the lowest residual stress(~34%and~60%reduction in the surface and core).The generation and distribution of quenching residual stress could be attributed to the lattice distortion gradient.Desirable plasticity was also exhibited in the samples with relatively low quenching cooling rates at cryogenic temperatures.The strengthes of the as-aged samples are 291.2 to 270.1 MPa as the quenching water temperature increase from 30℃to 100℃.Fine and homogeneous β"phases were observed in the as-aged sample quenched with boiling water due to the clusters and Guinier-Preston zones(GP zones)premature precipitated during quenching process.

Dynamic Characteristics of Long -Span Steel -Concrete CompositeBeam Bridge Based on Vehicle -Bridge Coupling Effect

In order to investigate the effect of vehicle-bridge coupling on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge,a steel-concrete composite beam suspension bridge is taken as the research object,and a three-dimensional spatial model of the bridge and a biaxial vehicle model of the vehicle are established,and then a vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system is constructed on the basis of the Nemak-βmethod,and the impact coefficients of each part of the bridge are obtained under different bridge deck unevenness and vehicle speed.The simulation results show that the bridge deck unevenness has the greatest influence on the vibration response of the bridge,and the bridge impact coefficient increases along with the increase in the level of bridge deck unevenness,and the impact coefficient of the main longitudinal girder and the secondary longitudinal girder achieves the maximum value when the level 4 unevenness is 0.328 and 0.314,respectively;when the vehicle speed is increased,the vibration response of the bridge increases and then decreases,and the impact coefficient of the bridge in the middle of the bridge at a speed of 60 km/h achieves the maximum value of 0.192.

动臂塔塔吊不利荷载工况下的承载力验算

根据已有项目某塔的塔吊在施工过程中遇到的不利工况,本文综合分析并采用ansys有限元软件建立2台ZSL1250动臂塔核心筒结构中的局部模型,针对8个典型不利荷载工况进行加载,得出塔吊对结构的影响受力.

Heterosis Analysis and Utilization of Agronomic Traits of Rice Male Sterile Line Jiazhe 91A

[Objective]Provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of Jiazhe 91A through the research and analysis on the advantages and characteristics of F1 generation of Jiazhe 91A combinations. [Method]The mid-parent heterosis,heterobeltiosis,competitive advantage and average dominance of the F1 generation of the three combinations configured by Jiazhe 91A were analyzed by the comparison and appraisal test of combinations configured by Jiazhe 91A. [Result]the panicle shape of the F1 generation of the three combinations configured by Jiazhe 91A was larger,and the panicles number was greater than its parents,the growing period was shorter than that of Shanyou 63,while the spikelets per panicle,seed setting rate and yield were higher than the control Shanyou 63,and the yield was 2.7% to 12.1% higher than Shanyou 63. [Conclusion]The sterility of Jiazhe 91A sterility was stable,and had a strong restoring ability,so it had widespread application prospects.

Effects of external stress aging on morphology and precipitation behavior of θ'' phase in Al-Cu alloy

The exposure of Al-5Cu alloy to an external stress with normal aging was carried out. The effects of external stress-aging on the morphology and precipitation behavior of θ＂ phase were investigated by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and first principle calculation. The size of the θ＂ phase precipitated plates in stress-aging （453 K, 6 h, 50 MPa） is 19.83 nm, which is smaller than that of those present （28.79 nm） in stress-flee aging （453 K, 6 h）. The precipitation process of θ＂ phase is accelerated by loading external stress aging according to the analysis of DSC results. The apparent activation energy for the external stress-aging is 10% lower than the stress-free one. The first principle calculation results show that the external stress makes a decrease of 6% in the interface energy. The effects of the stress on aging process of the alloy are discussed on the basis of the classical theory. The external stress changes the morphology and precipitation behavior of θ＂ phase because the critical nucleation energy is decreased by 19% under stress aging.

Modeling of strain hardening and dynamic recrystallization of ZK60 magnesium alloy during hot deformation

The flow stress behavior of ZK60 alloy at elevated temperature was investigated. The strain hardening and dynamic recrystallization of the alloy were modeled by Kocks-Meching model and Avrami equation, respectively. A new constitutive equation during hot deformation was constructed to predict the flow stress considering the dynamic recrystallization. The results show that the flow stress curves predicted by the proposed equation have high correlation coefficients with the experimental data, which confirms that the developed model is accurate and effective to establish the flow stress equation of ZK60 magnesium alloy during hot deformation. Microstructure observation shows that dynamic recovery occurs in the initial stage of hot deformation. However, the microstructure turns to recrvstallization structure as the strain increases.

Effect of heat treatment on stress corrosion cracking, fracture toughness and strength of 7085 aluminum alloy

The influences of heat treatment on stress corrosion cracking （SCC）, fracture toughness and strength of 7085 aluminum alloy were investigated by slow strain rate testing, Kahn tear testing combined with scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results show that the fracture toughness of T74 overaging is increased by 22.9% at the expense of 13.6% strength, and retrogression and reaging （RRA） enhances fracture toughness 14.2% without reducing the strength compared with T6 temper. The fracture toughness of dual-retrogression and reaging （DRRA） is equivalent to that of T74 with an increased strength of 14.6%. The SCC resistance increases in the order： T6〈RRA〈DRRA≈T74. The differences of fracture toughness and SCC were explained on the basis of the role of matrix precipitates and grain boundary orecioitates.

Constitutive equation and processing map for hot compressed as-cast Ti-43Al-4Nb-1.4W-0.6B alloy

High temperature compressive deformation behaviors of as-cast Ti-43Al-4Nb-1.4W-0.6B alloy was investigated at temperatures ranging from 1323 K to 1473 K, and strain rates from 0.001 s-1 to 1 s-1. The results indicated that the true stress-true strain curves show a dynamic flow softening behavior. The flow curves after the friction and the temperature compensations were employed to develop constitutive equations. The effects of temperature and the strain rate on the deformation behavior were represented by Zener-Holloman exponential equation. The influence of strain was incorporated in the constitutive analysis by considering the effect of the strain on material constants by a five-order polynomial. A revised model was proposed to describe the relationships among the flow stress, strain rate and temperature and the predicted flow stress curves were in good agreement with experimental results. Appropriate deformation processing parameters were suggested based on the processing map which was constructed from friction and temperature corrected flow curves, determined as 1343 K, 0.02 s-1 and were successfully applied in the canned forging of billets to simulate industrial work condition.

Hot compression behavior and deformation microstructure of Mg-6Zn-1Al-0.3Mn magnesium alloy

The hot compression behavior of a wrought Mg-6Zn-1Al-0.3Mn magnesium alloy was investigated using Gleeble test at 200-400 °C with strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 7 s-1. The true stress-strain curves show that the hot deformation behavior significantly depends on the deformation temperature and strain rate. The calculated hot deformation activation energy Q is 166 kJ/mol with a stress exponent n=5.99, and the constitutive equation is deduced to be ε＆ =3.16×1013[sinh（0.010σ）]5.99exp [-1.66×105/（RT）]· Deformation microstructure shows that the incompletely dynamically recrystallized grains can be found at grain boundaries and twins with the strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 1 s^-1 at 250 °C, and completely dynamic recrystallization occurs when the temperature is 350 °C or above during hot compression, the size of recrystallized grains decreases with the increment of the strain rate at the same temperature. The relatively suitable deformation condition is considered temperature 330-400 °C and strain rate of 0.01-0.03 s-1, and temperature of 350 °C and strain rate of 1 s-1.

Microstructure and property of stress aged Al-Cu single crystal under various applied stresses

The stress aging behavior of Al-Cu alloy under various applied stresses, i.e., elastic stress, yield stress and plasticdeformation stress, was investigated using single crystals. The resulting microstructures and the yield strength were examined bytransmission electron microscopy （TEM） and compression tests, respectively. The results indicate that an elastic stress of 15 MPa ishigh enough to influence the precipitation distribution of θ′ during aging at 180℃. The applied stress loading along [116]Aldirection results in increased number density of θ′ on （001）Al habit planes. This result becomes more significant with increasingapplied stress and leads to lower yield strength of Al-Cu single crystals during aging. Moreover, the generation of the preferentialorientation of θ′ was discussed by the effect of the dislocation induced by applied stress as well as the role of the misfit between theθ′-precipitate and Al matrix. The results are in agreement with the effect of the latter one.

Extrusion force analysis of aluminum pipe fabricated by CASTEX using expansion combination die

To determine the extrusion force of pipe fabricated by continuous casting and extrusion (CASTEX) using an expansion combination die, the metallic expansion combination die was divided into diversion zone, expansion zone, flow dividing zone, welding chamber, and sizing zone, and the corresponding stress formulae in various zones were established using the slab method. The deformation zones of CASTEX groove were divided into liquid and semisolid zone, solid primary gripping zone, and solid gripping zone, and the formulae of pipe extrusion forces were established. Experiments were carried out on the self-designed CASTEX machine to obtain the aluminum pipe and measure its extrusion force using the expansion combination die. The experimental results of radial extrusion force for aluminum pipe are in good agreement with the calculated ones.