AUV双基地合成孔径声呐成像实验

单基地合成孔径声呐成像通常基于点目标假设,其相干积累处理不能克服分布型目标散射模式的起伏效应。收发异置的双基地声呐可以从不同角度观察目标,充分挖掘目标散射模式的角度依赖特性,在对水下目标(尤其人造目标)检测与定位方面,相对仅仅观测后向散射的单基地声呐有潜在的优势。该文介绍一种基于自主水下航行器的双基地合成孔径声呐系统,重点介绍湖试成像的结果,验证双基地合成孔径声呐的可行性。同时通过引入目标散射模式建模的宽角度合成孔径声呐处理,实现了对目标探测性能的提升。

基于多尺度特征的高分辨率SAR图像机动目标识别

针对客观世界本身的多尺度特性及多尺度分析方法的有效性,提出了能够体现目标宏观和微观固有多尺度信息的SAR图像目标识别方法。该方法通过引入目标先验信息分割出反映目标形状的区域;并根据SAR图像目标对Gabor滤波器组的不同响应,利用多尺度信息及尺度间的相依性提取新的多尺度特征;最后按照方位信息建立多尺度特征库用以指导目标识别。通过MSTAR的实测SAR目标数据集进行了多尺度特征建立和目标识别测试,试验结果表明了该方法的有效性。

Entropy function optimization for radar imaging

The convergence performance of the minimum entropy auto-focusing（MEA） algorithm for inverse synthetic aperture radar（ISAR） imaging is analyzed by simulation. The results show that a local optimal solution problem exists in the MEA algorithm. The cost function of the MEA algorithm is not a downward-convex function of multidimensional phases to be compensated. Only when the initial values of the compensated phases are chosen to be near the global minimal point of the entropy function, the MEA algorithm can converge to a global optimal solution. To study the optimal solution problem of the MEA algorithm, a new scheme of entropy function optimization for radar imaging is presented. First, the initial values of the compensated phases are estimated by using the modified Doppler centroid tracking （DCT）algorithm. Since these values are obtained according to the maximum likelihood （ML） principle, the initial phases can be located near the optimal solution values. Then, a fast MEA algorithm is used for the local searching process and the global optimal solution can be obtained. The simulation results show that this scheme can realize the global optimization of the MEA algorithm and can avoid the selection and adjustment of parameters such as iteration step lengths, threshold values, etc.

Inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging based on sparse signal processing

Based on the measurement model of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) within a small aspect sector,an imaging method was presented with the application of sparse signal processing.This method can form higher resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar images from compensating incomplete measured data,and improves the clarity of the images and makes the feature structure much more clear,which is helpful for target recognition.The simulation results indicate that this method can provide clear ISAR images with high contrast under complex motion case.

MULTI-REGION SEGMENTATION OF SAR IMAGE BY A MULTIPHASE LEVEL SET APPROACH

In this letter,a multiphase level set approach unifying region and boundary-based infor-mation for multi-region segmentation of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)image is presented.Anenergy functional that is applicable for SAR image segmentation is defined.It consists of two termsdescribing the local statistic characteristics and the gradient characteristics of SAR image respectively.A multiphase level set model that explicitly describes the different regions in one image is proposed.The purpose of such a multiphase model is not only to simplify the way of denoting multi-region by levelset but also to guarantee the accuracy of segmentation.According to the presented multiphase model,the curve evolution equations with respect to edge curves are deduced.The multi-region segmentationis implemented by the numeric solution of the partial differential equations.The performance of theapproach is verified by both simulation and real SAR images.The experiments show that the proposedalgorithm reduces the speckle effect on segmentation and increases the boundary alignment accuracy,thus correctly divides the multi-region SAR image into different homogenous regions.

AN UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION FOR FULLY POLARIMETRIC SAR DATA USING SPAN/H/α IHSL TRANSFORM AND THE FCM ALGORITHM

In this paper, the IHSL transform and the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) segmentation algorithm are combined together to perform the unsupervised classification for fully polarimetric Synthetic Ap-erture Rader (SAR) data. We apply the IHSL colour transform to H/α/SPANspace to obtain a new space (RGB colour space) which has a uniform distinguishability among inner parameters and contains the whole polarimetric information in H/α/SPAN.Then the FCM algorithm is applied to this RGB space to finish the classification procedure. The main advantages of this method are that the parameters in the color space have similar interclass distinguishability, thus it can achieve a high performance in the pixel based segmentation algorithm, and since we can treat the parameters in the same way, the segmentation procedure can be simplified. The experiments show that it can provide an improved classification result compared with the method which uses the H/α/SPANspace di-rectly during the segmentation procedure.

THE REALIZATION OF THE PPP AUTOFOCUS METHOD IN PFA FOR SPOTLIGHT MODE SAR IMAGING

This paper first studies the phase errors for fine-resolution spotlight mode SAR imaging and decomposes the phase errors into two kinds, one is caused by translation and the other by rotation. Mathematical analysis and computer simulations show the above mentioned motion kinds and their corresponding damages on spotlight mode SAR imaging. Based on this analysis, a single PPP is introduced for spotlight mode SAR imaging with the PFA on the assumption that relative rotation between APC and imaged scene is uniform. The selected single point is used first to correct the quadratic and higher order phase errors and then to adjust the linear errors. After this compensation, the space-invariant phase errors caused by translation are almost corrected. Finally results are presented with the simulated data.

Study of monitoring mining subsidence in coal mining area by D-InSAR technology

Along with the increasing demand for coal and the great importance attached to mine safety,gaining the information of mine surface distortion timely has already become an urgent need to guarantee the safety of mine production.D-InSAR technology is a new measure which can provide the information of surface distortion in mining areas at centi- meter level through the processing of SAR image gained from radar satellite.In addition, this technology has the advantage of monitoring large areas with no weather limit.Intro- duced the basic principle and data processing steps of D-InSAR systematically and ac- quired the differential interferometry based on case study data.The advantages of D-InSAR and it's usability in monitoring mining subsidence in coal mining areas were proved.

Current progress in sparse signal processing applied to radar imaging

Sparse signal processing is a signal processing technique that takes advantage of signal’s sparsity,allowing signal to be recovered with a reduced number of samples.Compressive sensing,a new branch of the sparse signal processing,has become a rapidly growing research field.Sparse microwave imaging introduces the sparse signal processing theory to radar imaging to obtain new theories,new systems and new methodologies of microwave imaging.This paper first summarizes the latest application of sparse microwave imaging,including Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR),tomographic SAR and inverse SAR.As sparse signal processing keeps evolving,an avalanche of results have been obtained.We also highlight its recent theoretical advances,including structured sparsity,off-grid,Bayesian approaches,and point out new research directions in sparse microwave imaging.