In order to suppress the airwave noise in marine controlled-source electromagnetic （CSEM） data, we propose a 3D deconvolution （3DD） interferometry method with a synthetic aperture source and obtain the relative an...In order to suppress the airwave noise in marine controlled-source electromagnetic （CSEM） data, we propose a 3D deconvolution （3DD） interferometry method with a synthetic aperture source and obtain the relative anomaly coefficient （RAC） of the EM field reflection responses to show the degree for suppressing the airwave. We analyze the potential of the proposed method for suppressing the airwave, and compare the proposed method with traditional methods in their effectiveness. A method to select synthetic source length is derived and the effect of the water depth on RAC is examined via numerical simulations. The results suggest that 3DD interferometry method with a synthetic source can effectively suppress the airwave and enhance the potential of marine CSEM to hydrocarbon exploration.展开更多
A new recovery technology is developed to recycle N,N-dimethyl formamide （DMF） in waste gas from wet type polyurethane synthetic leather industry. Given that the concentration of DMF in waste gas was as low as 325.6...A new recovery technology is developed to recycle N,N-dimethyl formamide （DMF） in waste gas from wet type polyurethane synthetic leather industry. Given that the concentration of DMF in waste gas was as low as 325.6- 688.3 mg·m^-3, it was necessary to make sure two phases contact adequately and strengthen the mass transfer by increasing contact area and enhancing the turbulence. Therefore, two-stage countercurrent absorption and two-stage fog removing system were introduced into the technology. The top section of the absorption column was filled with structured wire-ripple stainless steel packing BX500, while the lower section with sting-ripple packing CB250Y. Total height of packing material was 6 m. In addition, there were both two-stage fog removing layer and high efficiency liquid distributor at the column top. All the operating parameters, including temperature, pressure, flow rate and liquid position, could be controlled by computers without manual operation, making sure the outlet gas achieved the national emission standard that the DMF concentration should be below 40 mg·m^-3. The whole equipment could recover 237.6 t of DMF each year, with the profit up to CNY 521×10^3.展开更多
LaFeO3 perovskite supported Ni and Ni-Fe catalysts were prepared and applied to methanation reaction of syngas. Two preparation methods were employed. One was one-step citrate complexing method, and the other was a tw...LaFeO3 perovskite supported Ni and Ni-Fe catalysts were prepared and applied to methanation reaction of syngas. Two preparation methods were employed. One was one-step citrate complexing method, and the other was a two step method using citrate complexing method to produce LaFeO3 and followed by loading nickel oxide on it with impregnation. The structure evolution of the sample as prepared was investigated by XRD, TPR and TEM techniques. For the former, the chemical composites of the calcined sample are NiO-Fe2O3/LaFe1-xNixO3. After reduction and reaction of CO methanation, its composites convert to Fe-Ni@Ni/LaFeO3-La2O2CO3, in which Fe-Ni@Ni is metal particles in nano-size composed of nickel core and Fe-Ni alloy shell. For the latter, the chemical composites of the calcined sample are NiO/LaFeO3; and after reduction and reaction of CO methanation, its chemical composites change to Ni/LaFeO3. Ni/LaFeO3 catalyst is a little more active, while Fe-Ni@Ni/LaFeO3-La2O2CO3 is much more stable and shows very good resistance to carbon deposition. In this work it is aimed to show that the structure and composites of the catalysts can be tailored using perovskite-type oxide as precursor with different preparing method or preparing condition. Therefore, it is a promising route to prepare supported bi-metal catalysts in nano-size for a lot of metals with desired catalytic performances.展开更多
Porous sol-gel glass of CaO-SiO2-P2O5 system with macropores larger than 100 μm was prepared by adding stearic acid as pore former when the sintering was carried out at 700 ℃ for 3h.The sol-gel porous glass shows an...Porous sol-gel glass of CaO-SiO2-P2O5 system with macropores larger than 100 μm was prepared by adding stearic acid as pore former when the sintering was carried out at 700 ℃ for 3h.The sol-gel porous glass shows an amorphous structure. The diameter of the pore created by pore former varies from 100 to 300 μm, and macroporous glass has a narrow and small pore size distribution in mesoporous scale. The porosity and pore size of macroporous bioactive glass can be controlled.展开更多
Calcium looping method has been considered as one of the efficient options to capture C02 in the combustion Ilue gas. CaO-based sorbent is the basis for application of calcium looping and should be subjected to the se...Calcium looping method has been considered as one of the efficient options to capture C02 in the combustion Ilue gas. CaO-based sorbent is the basis for application of calcium looping and should be subjected to the severe calcination condition so as to obtain the concentrated C02 stream. In this research, CaO/CaZrO3 sorbents were synthesized using the sol-gel combustion synthesis （SGCS） method with urea as fuel. The cyclic reaction performance of the synthesized sorbents was evaluated on a lab-scaled reactor system through calcination at 950 ℃ in a pure C02 atmosphere and carbonation at 650 ℃ in the 15% （by volume） C02. The mass ratio of CaO to CaZr03 as 8：2 （designated as CasZr2） was screened as the best option among all the synthesized CaO sorbents for its high CO2 capture capacity and carbonation conversion at the initial cycle. And then a gradual decay in the C02 capture capacity was observed at the following 10 successive cycles, but hereafter stabilized throughout the later cycles. Furthermore, structural evolution of the carbonated CasZr2 over the looping cycles was investigated. With increasing looping cycles, the pore peak and mean grain size of the carbonated CasZr2 sorbent shifted to the bigger direction but both the surface area （SA） ratio and surface fractal dimension Ds decreased. Finally, morphological transformation of the carbonated CasZr2 was observed. Agglomeration and edge rounding of the newly formed CaC03 grains were found as aggravated at the cyclic carbonation stage. As a result, carbonation of CasZr2 with C02 was observed only confined to the external active CaO by the fast formation of the CaC03 shell outside, which occluded the further carbonation of the unreacted CaO inside. Therefore, enough attention should be paid to the carbonation stage and more effective activation measures should be explored to ensure the unreacted active CaO fully carbonatPd river the extended Ioonin cycles.展开更多
In this work, the absorption-hydration hybrid method was used to recover （hydrogen ＋ nitrogen） from （hydrogen ＋ nitrogen ＋ methane ＋ argon） tail gas mixtures of synthetic ammonia plant through hydrate formatio...In this work, the absorption-hydration hybrid method was used to recover （hydrogen ＋ nitrogen） from （hydrogen ＋ nitrogen ＋ methane ＋ argon） tail gas mixtures of synthetic ammonia plant through hydrate formation/dissociation. A high-pressure reactor with magnetic stirrer was used to study the separation efficiency. The in-fluences of the concentration of anti-agglomerant, temperature, pressure, initial gas-liquid volume ratio, and oil-water volume ratio on the separation efficiency were systematically investigated in the presence of tetrahydro-furan （THF）. Anti-agglomerant was used to disperse hydrate particles into the condensate phase for water-in-oil emulsion system. Since nitrogen is the material for ammonia production, the objective production in our separation process is （hydrogen ＋ nitrogen）. Our experimental results show that by adopting appropriate operating conditions, high concentration of （hydrogen ＋ nitrogen） can be obtained using the proposed technology based on forming hydrate.展开更多
The distillation range analysis and elemental analysis of fractioned direct liquefied oil were conducted. Each fraction of liquefied oil contains some nitrogen compounds. Using the acid extraction method and gas chrom...The distillation range analysis and elemental analysis of fractioned direct liquefied oil were conducted. Each fraction of liquefied oil contains some nitrogen compounds. Using the acid extraction method and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, the basic nitrogen compounds have been separated and identified. Compared with the nitrogen content of the liquefied oil before and after separation, the basic nitrogen compounds account for more than half of all nitrogen compounds. The basic nitrogen compounds in the light liquefied oil are easily separated, and contain more types of basic nitrogen compounds. The results also show that there are many basic nitrogen compounds in liquefied oil, such as pyrrole, aniline, pyridine, quinoline and so on. However, there are fewer other types of basic nitrogen compounds.展开更多
Optimizing operational parameters for syngas production of Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier studied in this paper is a complicated nonlinear constrained problem concerning 3 BP(Error Back Propagation) neural networks...Optimizing operational parameters for syngas production of Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier studied in this paper is a complicated nonlinear constrained problem concerning 3 BP(Error Back Propagation) neural networks. To solve this model, a new 3-layer cultural evolving algorithm framework which has a population space, a medium space and a belief space is firstly conceived. Standard differential evolution algorithm(DE), genetic algorithm(GA), and particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO) are embedded in this framework to build 3-layer mixed cultural DE/GA/PSO(3LM-CDE, 3LM-CGA, and 3LM-CPSO) algorithms. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithms are firstly tested in 20 benchmark nonlinear constrained functions. Then, the operational optimization model for syngas production in a Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier of a real-world chemical plant is solved effectively. The simulation results are encouraging that the 3-layer cultural algorithm evolving framework suggests ways in which the performance of DE, GA, PSO and other population-based evolutionary algorithms(EAs) can be improved,and the optimal operational parameters based on 3LM-CDE algorithm of the syngas production in the Texaco coalwater slurry gasifier shows outstanding computing results than actual industry use and other algorithms.展开更多
基金supported by the national project"Deep Exploration Technology and Experimentation"(SinoProbe-09-02)
文摘In order to suppress the airwave noise in marine controlled-source electromagnetic （CSEM） data, we propose a 3D deconvolution （3DD） interferometry method with a synthetic aperture source and obtain the relative anomaly coefficient （RAC） of the EM field reflection responses to show the degree for suppressing the airwave. We analyze the potential of the proposed method for suppressing the airwave, and compare the proposed method with traditional methods in their effectiveness. A method to select synthetic source length is derived and the effect of the water depth on RAC is examined via numerical simulations. The results suggest that 3DD interferometry method with a synthetic source can effectively suppress the airwave and enhance the potential of marine CSEM to hydrocarbon exploration.
基金the Science and Technology Fund of Zhejiang Province, China (2006C13072)
文摘A new recovery technology is developed to recycle N,N-dimethyl formamide （DMF） in waste gas from wet type polyurethane synthetic leather industry. Given that the concentration of DMF in waste gas was as low as 325.6- 688.3 mg·m^-3, it was necessary to make sure two phases contact adequately and strengthen the mass transfer by increasing contact area and enhancing the turbulence. Therefore, two-stage countercurrent absorption and two-stage fog removing system were introduced into the technology. The top section of the absorption column was filled with structured wire-ripple stainless steel packing BX500, while the lower section with sting-ripple packing CB250Y. Total height of packing material was 6 m. In addition, there were both two-stage fog removing layer and high efficiency liquid distributor at the column top. All the operating parameters, including temperature, pressure, flow rate and liquid position, could be controlled by computers without manual operation, making sure the outlet gas achieved the national emission standard that the DMF concentration should be below 40 mg·m^-3. The whole equipment could recover 237.6 t of DMF each year, with the profit up to CNY 521×10^3.
基金supported by the Financial support from the NSF of China(21066007)the NSF of Tianjin China(10JCZDJC23800)the NSF of Mongolia China(2009BS0203)
文摘LaFeO3 perovskite supported Ni and Ni-Fe catalysts were prepared and applied to methanation reaction of syngas. Two preparation methods were employed. One was one-step citrate complexing method, and the other was a two step method using citrate complexing method to produce LaFeO3 and followed by loading nickel oxide on it with impregnation. The structure evolution of the sample as prepared was investigated by XRD, TPR and TEM techniques. For the former, the chemical composites of the calcined sample are NiO-Fe2O3/LaFe1-xNixO3. After reduction and reaction of CO methanation, its composites convert to Fe-Ni@Ni/LaFeO3-La2O2CO3, in which Fe-Ni@Ni is metal particles in nano-size composed of nickel core and Fe-Ni alloy shell. For the latter, the chemical composites of the calcined sample are NiO/LaFeO3; and after reduction and reaction of CO methanation, its chemical composites change to Ni/LaFeO3. Ni/LaFeO3 catalyst is a little more active, while Fe-Ni@Ni/LaFeO3-La2O2CO3 is much more stable and shows very good resistance to carbon deposition. In this work it is aimed to show that the structure and composites of the catalysts can be tailored using perovskite-type oxide as precursor with different preparing method or preparing condition. Therefore, it is a promising route to prepare supported bi-metal catalysts in nano-size for a lot of metals with desired catalytic performances.
基金Project(50174059) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Porous sol-gel glass of CaO-SiO2-P2O5 system with macropores larger than 100 μm was prepared by adding stearic acid as pore former when the sintering was carried out at 700 ℃ for 3h.The sol-gel porous glass shows an amorphous structure. The diameter of the pore created by pore former varies from 100 to 300 μm, and macroporous glass has a narrow and small pore size distribution in mesoporous scale. The porosity and pore size of macroporous bioactive glass can be controlled.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51276210,50906030,31301586)the Partial Financial Grant of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(201012)the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB707301)
文摘Calcium looping method has been considered as one of the efficient options to capture C02 in the combustion Ilue gas. CaO-based sorbent is the basis for application of calcium looping and should be subjected to the severe calcination condition so as to obtain the concentrated C02 stream. In this research, CaO/CaZrO3 sorbents were synthesized using the sol-gel combustion synthesis （SGCS） method with urea as fuel. The cyclic reaction performance of the synthesized sorbents was evaluated on a lab-scaled reactor system through calcination at 950 ℃ in a pure C02 atmosphere and carbonation at 650 ℃ in the 15% （by volume） C02. The mass ratio of CaO to CaZr03 as 8：2 （designated as CasZr2） was screened as the best option among all the synthesized CaO sorbents for its high CO2 capture capacity and carbonation conversion at the initial cycle. And then a gradual decay in the C02 capture capacity was observed at the following 10 successive cycles, but hereafter stabilized throughout the later cycles. Furthermore, structural evolution of the carbonated CasZr2 over the looping cycles was investigated. With increasing looping cycles, the pore peak and mean grain size of the carbonated CasZr2 sorbent shifted to the bigger direction but both the surface area （SA） ratio and surface fractal dimension Ds decreased. Finally, morphological transformation of the carbonated CasZr2 was observed. Agglomeration and edge rounding of the newly formed CaC03 grains were found as aggravated at the cyclic carbonation stage. As a result, carbonation of CasZr2 with C02 was observed only confined to the external active CaO by the fast formation of the CaC03 shell outside, which occluded the further carbonation of the unreacted CaO inside. Therefore, enough attention should be paid to the carbonation stage and more effective activation measures should be explored to ensure the unreacted active CaO fully carbonatPd river the extended Ioonin cycles.
基金Supported by the National/qatural Science Foundation of China （20925623, 21006126）, the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Program of China （No. 2009CB219504）, the Research Funds of China University of Petroleum, Beijing （BJBJRC-2010-01）, and Beijing Nova Program （2010B069）.
文摘In this work, the absorption-hydration hybrid method was used to recover （hydrogen ＋ nitrogen） from （hydrogen ＋ nitrogen ＋ methane ＋ argon） tail gas mixtures of synthetic ammonia plant through hydrate formation/dissociation. A high-pressure reactor with magnetic stirrer was used to study the separation efficiency. The in-fluences of the concentration of anti-agglomerant, temperature, pressure, initial gas-liquid volume ratio, and oil-water volume ratio on the separation efficiency were systematically investigated in the presence of tetrahydro-furan （THF）. Anti-agglomerant was used to disperse hydrate particles into the condensate phase for water-in-oil emulsion system. Since nitrogen is the material for ammonia production, the objective production in our separation process is （hydrogen ＋ nitrogen）. Our experimental results show that by adopting appropriate operating conditions, high concentration of （hydrogen ＋ nitrogen） can be obtained using the proposed technology based on forming hydrate.
文摘The distillation range analysis and elemental analysis of fractioned direct liquefied oil were conducted. Each fraction of liquefied oil contains some nitrogen compounds. Using the acid extraction method and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, the basic nitrogen compounds have been separated and identified. Compared with the nitrogen content of the liquefied oil before and after separation, the basic nitrogen compounds account for more than half of all nitrogen compounds. The basic nitrogen compounds in the light liquefied oil are easily separated, and contain more types of basic nitrogen compounds. The results also show that there are many basic nitrogen compounds in liquefied oil, such as pyrrole, aniline, pyridine, quinoline and so on. However, there are fewer other types of basic nitrogen compounds.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61174040,U1162110,21206174)Shanghai Commission of Nature Science(12ZR1408100)
文摘Optimizing operational parameters for syngas production of Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier studied in this paper is a complicated nonlinear constrained problem concerning 3 BP(Error Back Propagation) neural networks. To solve this model, a new 3-layer cultural evolving algorithm framework which has a population space, a medium space and a belief space is firstly conceived. Standard differential evolution algorithm(DE), genetic algorithm(GA), and particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO) are embedded in this framework to build 3-layer mixed cultural DE/GA/PSO(3LM-CDE, 3LM-CGA, and 3LM-CPSO) algorithms. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithms are firstly tested in 20 benchmark nonlinear constrained functions. Then, the operational optimization model for syngas production in a Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier of a real-world chemical plant is solved effectively. The simulation results are encouraging that the 3-layer cultural algorithm evolving framework suggests ways in which the performance of DE, GA, PSO and other population-based evolutionary algorithms(EAs) can be improved,and the optimal operational parameters based on 3LM-CDE algorithm of the syngas production in the Texaco coalwater slurry gasifier shows outstanding computing results than actual industry use and other algorithms.
