合成炉视镜清洗装置的研究

针对合成炉视镜清洗装置现状,设计并发明了一种氯化氢合成炉视镜一键清洗装置,此改进使得操作人员操作方便,避免了造成安全隐患;还解决了必须停炉或检修时才能对视镜进行清洗的问题,减轻工人劳动强度、减少或从根本上杜绝事故发生率、优化了生产工序。

盐酸合成炉运行总结

介绍了盐酸生产工艺流程,分析了合成炉运行过程中出现的问题(如合成炉炉压高;电解停车后,合成炉未能及时停车;合成炉视镜被腐蚀),并提出了解决措施。

红外目标与干扰模拟器光学系统研究

介绍了带有两个干扰的红外目标与干扰模拟器的光学系统 ;它采用两个黑体分别作为红外目标和干扰模拟辐射源 ,通过两个摆镜产生两个不同方向、不同速度和不同时间的干扰。

Texture of friction stir welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Theα＋βtitanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, was welded by friction stir welding using a W-Re pin tool, and the defect-free weld was produced with proper welding parameters. Texture of the Ti-6Al-4V friction stir weld was studied by orientation imaging microscopy. The as-received Ti-6Al-4V sheet mill annealed was composed of elongated primary α and transformed β. A typical rolling texture was observed in the base material. The microstructure of the stir zone was significantly different from that of the base material. The stir zone was characterized by the presence of considerable amount of equiaxed dynamically recrystallized grains and a texture around{Ф1=30°,φ=62°,Ф2=30°}was developed during the friction stir welding.

Fabrication and Growth Mechanism of Bamboo-structured Boron Nitride Nanotubes with Thorn-Like Morphology

Bamboo-structured boron nitride （BN） nanotubes with thorn-like morphology were synthe-sized by thermal chemical reaction using amorphous boron powders and NiO nanoparticles as precursors under the flow of NH3 at 1100 oC. The structural and morphological charac-teristics of BN nanotubes were investigated by X-ray diraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the thorn-like nanostructures attaching to the stems of bamboo-structured BN nanotubes were the hexagonal BN nano akes. Based on the diffu-sion of solid B and vapor B2O2, a possible growth mechanism of these novel thorn-like BN nanotubes was primarily proposed.

Polyhydroxyl-aluminum pillaring improved adsorption capacities of Pb^(2+) and Cd^(2+) onto diatomite

In order to greatly improve adsorption capacity, the diatomite was pillared by polyhydroxyl-aluminum.A series of adsorption tests were conducted to obtain the optimum condition for pillared diatomite synthesis. The scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, surface area and porosity analyzer and micro-electrophoresis were used to determine pore structure and surface property.The pillared diatomite attaining the optimal adsorption densities （qe） of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ was synthesized with the following conditions： Addition of pillaring solution containing Al3＋-oligomers with a concentration range of 0.1-0.2 mol/L to a suspension containing Na＋-diatomite to obtain the required Al/diatomite ratio of 10 mmol/g; synthesis temperature of 80 ℃ for 120 min; aging at a temperature of 105 ℃ for 16 h. The adsorption capacities of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ on pillared diatomite increase by 23.79% and 27.36% compared with natural diatomite, respectively. The surface property of pillared diatomite is more favorable for ion adsorption than natural diatomite. The result suggests that diatomite can be modified by pillaring with polyhydroxyl-aluminum to improve its adsorption properties greatly.

Synthesis and Conductivity of Oxyapatite Ionic Conductor La10-xVx（SiO4）6O3＋x

Apatite-lanthanum silicate has attracted considerable interest in recent years due to its high oxide ion conductivity.In this paper,V-doped samples La10-xVx(SiO4) 6O3+x(0≤x≤1.5) were prepared by sol-gel method and the influences of V-dopant content on calcining temperature and conductivity were reported.The samples were characterized by thermal analysis(TG-DSC) ,X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron micrograph(SEM) . The apatite was obtained at 800°C,a relatively low temperature in comparison to 1500°C with the conventional solid-state method.The ceramic pellets sintered at 1200°C for 5 h showed a higher relative density than La9.33Si6O26 pellets sintered at 1400°C for 20 h.The conductivities of samples were measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The conductivity was improved with the increase of V-dopant content on La site.

Synthesis,characterization and application of PVA/ionic liquid mixed matrix membranes for pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol

In this study,polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)–ionic liquid(IL) membranes were prepared for the separation of isopropyl alcohol(IPA)–water azeotropic mixtures by pervaporation.PVA-IL composite membranes were prepared by simple solvent evaporation method using four ILs,viz.,1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(BMIMCl),1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(HMIMCl),1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetra fluoroborate(HMIMBF4) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(OMIMCl).Three ILs were used to study the effect of alkyl chain on the pervaporation performance.The study had focused on the effect feed water concentration from 10%–40%and effect of feed temperature from 50–80°C.Physiochemical properties of all the membranes were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and contact angle measurement.The Arrhenius activation energies for permeation were estimated to be in the range 4–12 kJ·mol-1 from the temperature dependent permeation values.

Layer by layer synthesis of Sn-Co-C microcomposites and their application in lithium ion batteries

Alloy anodes were studied for pursuing Sn-based microcomposite synthesis, assembly and performance for lithium ion batteries. The self-assembled Sn-Co-C composites with nano-scaled microstructures were prepared via solution method and carbothermal technology. The morphology and physical structure were investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The as-prepared materials were assembled to half cell coin for the purpose of discussing the galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry and rate-capability performance. Results reveal that nanoscaled CoSn 2 alloys covered with Sn and C layer by layer are wrapped by cross-linked porous carbon network to form spherical microstructure. This distinguishing feature of Sn-Co-C composites provides a possible solution to the problems of Sn particle aggregation and poor electron transport, and has strong effect on improving electrochemical performance.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Molybdenum Disulfide for Lithium Ion Battery Applications

Molybdenum disulfide nanoflakes were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process using sodium molybdate and thiourea as reactants at a relatively low temperature. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission elec-tron microscopy(TEM) indicate that the samples have the structure of 2H-MoS2 and the morphology of nanoflakes with the average thickness around 5-10 nm. The results of electrochemical properties indicate that the morphology and size of MoS2 particles have effects on their capacity when they are used as the anode for lithium ion battery. The as-prepared MoS2 samples have high reversible discharge capacity up to 994.6 mA·h·g-1 for the MoS2-1 elec-trode and 930.1 mA·h·g-1 for the MoS2-2 electrode and show excellent cycling performances. The MoS2-1 electrode has a better cycling stability than the MoS2-2 electrode due to their difference in the uniformity of the samples.

Preparation of PVC/PVP composite polymer membranes via phase inversion process for water treatment purposes

In this work, new composite membranes were successfully prepared via phase inversion technique using polyvinyl chloride(PVC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) as polymers and tetrahydrofuran(THF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) as solvents. The prepared membranes have been characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), and fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). The scanning electron microscope results prove that the prepared membranes are smooth and their pores are distributed throughout the whole surface and bulk body of the membrane without any visible cracks. The stress–strain mechanical test showed an excellent mechanical behavior enhanced by the presence of PVP in the prepared membranes. The membranes performance results showed that the salt rejection reached 98% with a high flux. This, in turn, makes the prepared membranes can be applied for sea and brackish water treatment through membrane distillation technology.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Mechanism for Formation of Novel Micro-Micro-Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Composite Zeolite

A novel micro-micro-mesoporous aluminosilicate LS-BFMZ （low-silica-BEA（beta）-faujasite （Y）-mesoporous） composite zeolite with the MCM-41 type structure was synthesized through a novel process involving the self- assembly of CTAB surfactant micellae with silica-alumina source originated from alkaline treatment of the beta zeolite. The physical properties of the LS-BFMZ composite zeolite were characterized using various techniques, including XRD, IR and SEM techniques. Meanwhile, a possible mechanism regarding the formation of the LS-BFMZ composite zeolite was proposed.

Synthesis of Silica-Dispersed NiMo Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts

Silica-dispersed NiMo hydrodesulfurization catalysts were synthesized by the deposition-precipitation method. For comparative purposes, bulk NiMo catalysts were obtained by co-precipitation. The silica-dispersed NiMo catalyst had highly active metals content. Silica was employed to disperse active metals for full utilization of active components. The BET analysis showed that the silica-dispersed NiMo catalysts had a high surface area （147.0 m2/g） and pore volume （0.27 mL/g）, whereas the bulk NiMo catalysts exhibited a very low surface area （87.5 m2/g）. Transmission electron microscopy results proved that the active components were dispersed on the SiO2 substrate. X-ray diffraction patterns of the silicadispersed NiMo catalyst and the bulk NiMo catalyst were indexed to NiMoO4. The hydrodesulfurization activity of silicadispersed NiMo catalysts was much higher than that of reference catalysts and could be up to twice greater than those of commercial NiMo alumina-supported systems per gram of catalyst. The activity testing results also demonstrated that the silica-dispersed NiMo catalyst was an effective hydrodesulflarization catalyst.

Synthesis and Characterization of MgSb2O6 Trirutile-Type in Low Presence Concentrations of Ethylenediamine

The nanoparticles MgSb206 with trirutile-type structure were prepared by colloidal method using ethylanediamine （0.5 and 0.75 mL）, following a calcination at 800 ℃. After, those powders were analyzed by x-ray obtaining a tetragonal structure with cell parameters, a = 4.64 A and c = 9.25 A and special group P42/mnm. Using a scanning electron microscopy were analyzed the powders calcined at 800 ℃, showing the formation of micro-plates, micro-rods, nanoparticles and morphology as rice grains. Employing a transmission electron microscopy, were found nanostructures hexagonal shaped with sizes of- 33.6 nm （0.5 mL） and 28.6 nm （0.75 mL）.

A simple plasma reduction for synthesis of Au and Pd nanoparticles at room temperature

A simple and fast plasma reduction method is developed for synthesis of Au and Pd metal nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis indicates a formation of aggregates of Au and Pd nanoparticles with branched structure. The transmission electron microscopy(TEM) image shows that the inclusive nanoparticles are all about 5 nm in size. Compared to conventional hydrogen reduction method, plasma method inhibits the agglomeration of metal particles. The room temperature operation is very helpful to limit the nanoparticle size. Most interestingly, plasma reduction produces more flattened metal particles. This plasma reduction does not require the use of any hazardous reducing chemicals, showing the great potential for the fabrication of noble metal nanoparticles.

Synthesis and Characterization of Sol-Gel Derived MgO/CNTs Nanocomposite

In this research, synthesis of magnesium oxide-multi walled carbon nanotube （MgO/MWCNTs） nanocomposite is reported using sol-gel method in which magnesium nitrate is added to aqueous solution. The structure of MWCNTs and MgO/MWCNTs composite has been characterized by analyzing the X-ray diffraction pattern （XRD）, Fourier Transform Infrared （FT-IR） spectra and Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM） images. Experimental results indicate that the surface of purified MWCNTs sample is covered homogenously by a layered of MgO nanoparticles.

Synthesis and characterization of FeAl nanoparticles by flow-levitation method

The synthesis of high purity intermetallic FeAI nanoparticles using the flow-levitation （FL） method was reported. Iron and aluminium droplets were levitated stably at about 2 230℃. The morphology, clystal structure and chemical composition of FeAI nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, high-resolution TEM, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometry. The results show that the average particle size of these nanoparticles is about 34.5 nm. Measurements of the d-spacing from X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction studies confirm that the intermetallic nanoparticles have the same crystal structure （B2） as the bulk FeA1. A thin oxidation coating is formed around the particles when being exposed to air. Based on the XPS measurements, the surface coating of the FeAI nanoparticles is composed of Fe2O3 and FeAl2O4. Besides, hysteresis curve reveals that saturation magnetization （Ms） of FeA1 is 1.66 A/m2, and the coercivity is about 1.214×10^3 A/re.

Characterization and adsorption behaviors of a novel synthesized mesoporous silica coated carbon composite

A novel mesoporous silica coated carbon composite(denoted SEG) with hierarchical pore structure has been successfully prepared in an aqueous solution that contains triblock copolymer template, aluminum chloride, siliceous source and expanded graphite. Textural property and morphology of the SEG composite were characterized by the combination of X-ray diffraction, N_2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared measurements. Results show that mesoporous silica is steadily and uniformly grown on the surface of the graphite slices and the thickness of the silica layer can be finely tuned according to the silica/C molar ratio in the initial reaction solution. This newly synthesized SEG composite shows greatly increased adsorption capacity to methylene blue than the pristine expanded graphite in the batch tests. Both Langmuir and Frendlich models were further used to evaluate the adsorption isotherms of methylene blue over expanded graphite and SEG samples with different silica contents. Finally, pseudosecond-order model was used to describe the kinetics of methylene blue over expanded graphite and the silica-carbon composites.

Preparation of BaAl_2O_4 by microwave sintering

The desulfurater(BaAl2O4) was successfully synthesized with BaCO3 and Al(OH)3 powders as raw materials by microwave sintering method.The mass loss of raw materials and the characterization of the outcome were investigated by means of TG-DSC,XRD and optical microscopy.The reaction mechanism was discussed.The experimental results show that synthesized BaAl2O4 by microwave sintering method is feasible.Compared with conventional sintering method,microwave sintering is a better way to synthesize BaAl2O4 with advantages of low temperature sintering,short time sintering and high synthesis rate.

Synthesis and Gel Properties of Sorbitol Derivative Gelators

1,3:2,4-di-p-methylbenzylidene-D-sorbitol(MDBS)is known to be an efficient sorbitol derivative gelator.Two new sorbitol derivative gelators were designed and synthesized in contrast to MDBS in order to study the gel properties of gelators with different structures.Their gelation behavior to 30 solvents was investigated.It was found that the gelation behavior was related to the molecular structure of gelators.Compared with MDBS,the gelator with more hydroxyl in the molecular structure could gel water and that with more aromatic ring could gel aromatic solvent.The fibrous and three-dimensional network of the gels was obtained by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)spectroscopy revealed thatπ-πinteraction was one of the main driving forces for the formation of gels.Theπ-πstacking of gelation increases with the number of aromatic rings in the molecular structure of gelator.Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy revealed that the hydrogen bonding was also the main driving force for the formation of gels.The layered structure of the gels was studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD).