集成集中器、专变、ECU、SCU与电能表于一体的“5合1流水线技术”革新方案

本文介绍了一项集成了集中器、专变、ECU、SCU与电能表等功能模块的“5合1流水线技术”革新方案,并详细阐述了该技术的设计原理、关键技术要点以及在实际应用中的优势。结果表明,该技术在提高自动化系统效率、降低能源消耗和简化系统维护方面效果显著。

黄土地貌大比例尺数字化测图探讨

分析了黄土地貌的类型,探讨了黄土地貌地形特征、大比例尺数字化测绘和黄土地貌的表示方法,得出黄土沟谷地是大比例尺数字化测图的重点和难点,应区分测区内的沟谷类型,根据测图比例尺和测图等高距确定黄土地貌的综合取舍原则和表示方法,灵活使用测量仪器,并与传统的测记法和方向描绘法相结合,才能够提高黄土地貌地形图的精度。

基于DEM的水系特征信息提取及三维实现

文中基于Arc GIS软件平台,通过对DEM进行分析处理,实现分水线和合水线数据的提取,并结合已有正射影像等相关地理信息数据构建三维立体模型,实现区域地形地貌地物的三维可视化、可量测和可漫游操作,可用于进行泥石流灾害预分析、道路选线、勘界选址、地质监控、建设规划等方面。

One-step synthesis of hydrophobic magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles and their application in flame-retardant polypropylene composites

Hydrophobic magnesium hydroxide(MH) nanoparticles were prepared by a one-step synthesis method in a high-gravity environment generated by a novel impinging stream–rotating packed bed(IS-RPB) reactor. The reactant solutions were simultaneously and continuously pumped into the IS-RPB reactor, and then Tween80 was added as a surface modifier. The morphology, structure, and properties of blank and hydrophobic MH were characterized. The effects of MH nanoparticles on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of PP/MH composites were also studied. We found that the obtained MH nanoparticles exhibited hexagonal lamella with a mean size of 30 nm, excellent hydrophobic properties(e.g., high water contact angle of 112°), and improved thermal stability of MH. The limiting oxygen index(LOI) further showed that increased MH loading can significantly improve flame-retardant performance, which reached 29.3% for PP/MH composites with 30 wt% hydrophobic samples. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the PP/MH composites with hydrophobic samples were also much higher than those of PP/MH composites with blank MH. Results showed that the one-step synthesis had high potential application in the large-scale production of hydrophobic MH nanoparticles.

Changing spectrum of Budd-Chiari syndrome in India with special reference to non-surgical treatment

AIM： To evaluate patterns of obstruction, etiological spectrum and non-surgical treatment in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome in India. METHODS： Forty-nine consecutive cases of Budd- Chiari syndrome （BCS） were prospectively evaluated. All patients with refractory ascites or deteriorating liver function were, depending on morphology of inferior vena cava （IVC） and/or hepatic vein （HV） obstruction, triaged for radiological intervention, in addition to anticoagulation therapy. Asymptomatic patients, patients with diuretic-responsive ascites and stable liver function, and patients unwilling for surgical intervention were treated symptomatically with anticoagulation. RESULTS： Mean duration of symptoms was 41.5 ± 11.2 （range = 1-240） too. HV thrombosis （HVT） was present in 29 （59.1%）, IVC thrombosis in eight （16.3%）, membranous obstruction of IVC in two （4%） and both IVC-HV thrombosis in 10 （20.4%） cases. Of 35 cases tested for hypercoagulability, 27 （77.1%） were positive for one or more hypercoagulable states. Radiological intervention was technically successful in 37/38 （97.3%）： IVC stenting in seven （18.9%）, IVC balloon angioplasty in two （5.4%）, combined IVC-HV stenting in two （5.4%）, HV stenting in 11 （29.7%）, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt （TIPS） in 13 （35.1%） and combined TIPS-IVC stenting in two （5.4%）. Complications encountered in follow-up： death in five, re-stenosis of the stent in five （17.1%）, hepatic encephalopathy in two and hepatocellular carcinoma in one patient. Of nine patients treated medically, two showed complete resolution of HVT. CONCLUSION： IN our series, HVT was the predominant cause of BCS. In the last five years with the availability of sophisticated tests for hypercoagulability, etiologies were defined in 85.7% of cases. Non-surgical management was successful in most cases.

Synthesis of ZnO whiskers via hydrothermal decomposition route

ZnO whiskers with a length of 30-40μm and a diameter of about 1μm were synthesized by co-precipitation of ZnSO 4 and Na2CO3 solution at room temperature followed by hydrothermal treatment of the as-prepared Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 precursor at 160 ℃for 6 h.The increase of the initial solution pH promotes the hydrothermal conversion of the particulate Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 to ZnO whiskers.The presence of minor amount of EDTA in the hydrothermal solution promotes the one dimensional growth of ZnO whiskers,leading to the formation of ZnO whiskers with a length of 50-60μm and a diameter of 1-2μm.

Prediction of Water Activity for Mixed Aqueous Solutions from the Data of Their Binary Constituent Solutions

The equation of Patwardhan and Kumar for water activities of mixed electrolyte solutions is extended to aqueous solutions containing non-electrolytes. This equation and the linear isopiestic relation are used to predict water activities of 56 ternary aqueous solutions in terms of the data of their binary subsystems. Both equation of Patwardhan and Kumar and the linear isopiestic relation can provide good predictions for water activities of the present 40 electrolyte solutions, and the linear isopiestic relation generally yields better predictions. The predictions of the extended equation of Patwardhan and Kumar and the linear isopiestic relation are in general quite reasonable for the present 8 ternary solutions of electrolytes and non-electrolytes, and the results of the linear isopiestic relation are usually better. The predictions of these two methods generally agree well with the experimental data for the 8 non-electrolyte mixtures being studied, and the linear isopiestic relation is better.

Image Segmentation Using an Improved Watershed Algorithm

As watershed algorithm suffers from over-segmentation problem, this paper presented an efficient method to resolve this problem. First, pre-process of the image using median filter is made to reduce the effect of noise. Second, watershed algorithm is employed to provide initial regions. Third, regions are merged according to the information between the region and boundary. In the merger processing based on the region information, an adaptive threshold of the difference between the neighboring regions is used as the region merge criteria, which is based on the human visual character. In the merger processing on the boundary information, the gradient is used to judge the true boundary of the image to avoid merging the foreground with the background regions. Finally, post-process to the regions using mathematical morphology open and close filter is done to smooth object boundaries. The experimental results show that this method is very efficient.

Preparation and characterization of Cu-doped mesoporous CeO_2 for CO oxidation

Mesoporous CeO2 was first synthesized by hydrothermal method,and then used to synthesize different contents of CuO)x/CeO2(x:molar ratio of Cu to Ce) by deposition-precipitation method.These materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),N2 adsorption and desorption,H2 temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR) and O2 temperature programmed desorption(O2-TPD) to study the crystal structure,surface area,and the mechanism of CO oxidation.The results show that,on XRD patterns,no evidence of CuO diffraction peaks is present until Cu loading is increased to 20%.The BET surface area decreases noticeably with the increase of Cu content.Compared with other samples,the better reducibility and activity oxygen species of(CuO)10%/CeO2coincide with its better catalytic activity.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Molybdenum Disulfide for Lithium Ion Battery Applications

Molybdenum disulfide nanoflakes were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process using sodium molybdate and thiourea as reactants at a relatively low temperature. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission elec-tron microscopy(TEM) indicate that the samples have the structure of 2H-MoS2 and the morphology of nanoflakes with the average thickness around 5-10 nm. The results of electrochemical properties indicate that the morphology and size of MoS2 particles have effects on their capacity when they are used as the anode for lithium ion battery. The as-prepared MoS2 samples have high reversible discharge capacity up to 994.6 mA·h·g-1 for the MoS2-1 elec-trode and 930.1 mA·h·g-1 for the MoS2-2 electrode and show excellent cycling performances. The MoS2-1 electrode has a better cycling stability than the MoS2-2 electrode due to their difference in the uniformity of the samples.

Underwater friction stir welding of ultrafine grained 2017 aluminum alloy

2017 aluminum alloy plates with an ultrafine grained （UFG） structure were produced by equal channel angular processing （ECAP） and then were joined by underwater friction stir welding （underwater FSW）. X-ray diffractometer （XRD）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and microhardness tester were adopted to investigate the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of the FSW joint. The results indicate that an ultrafine grained microstructure with the mean grain size of-0.7 Ixm is obtained in the weld nugget by using water cooling. However, The FSW joint exhibits softening compared with the ultrafine grained based material and the heat affected zone （HAZ） has the lowest hardness owing to the coarsening of the strengthening precipitates.

Calculation of the coefficient and dynamics of water diffusion in graphite joints

The coefficient and dynamics of water diffusion in adhesive-graphite joints were calculated in-situ with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, a method that is significantly simpler than elemental analysis. Water diffusion coefficient and dynamics of adhesive-graphite joints treated by different surface treatment methods were also investigated. Calculation results indicated that the water diffusion rate in adhesive-graphite joints treated by sandpaper was higher than that treated by chemical oxidation or by silane couple agent. Also the durability of graphite joints treated by coupling agent is superior to that treated by chemical oxidation or sandpaper burnishing.

Excellent supercapacitive performance of a reduced graphene oxide/Ni(OH)_2 composite synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route

A reduced graphene oxide/Ni(OH)2 composite with excellent supercapacitive performance was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route without organic solvents or templates used.XRD and SEM results reveal that the nickel hydroxide,which crystallizes into hexagonal β-Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes with a diameter less than 200 nm and a thickness of about 10 nm,is well combined with the reduced graphene oxide sheets.Electrochemical performance of the synthesized composite as an electrode material was investigated by cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements.Its specific capacitance is determined to be 1672 F/g at a scan rate of 2 mV/s,and 696 F/g at a high scan rate of 50 mV/s.After 2000 cycles at a current density of 10 A/g,the composite exhibits a specific capacitance of 969 F/g,retaining about 86% of its initial capacitance.The composite delivers a high energy density of 83.6 W·h/kg at a power density of 1.0 kW/kg.The excellent supercapacitive performance along with the easy synthesis method allows the synthesized composite to be promising for supercapacitor applications.

Synthesis of Hydrothermally Grown Zinc Oxide Nanowires

We report the synthesis ofZnO nanowires grown on glass by spin coating and using a commercial microwave oven. 10 mM solutions of zinc acetate dehydrate and 12propanol were spin coated on glass at 2000 rpm for 60 s. A seed layer was obtained after three layers of spin coating. Vertical ZnO nanowires were then grown by dipping the substrate in an equimolar solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine subsequently, films were heated with a commercially microwave oven at different power settings （140, 350 and 700 W）. The ZnO nanowires were characterized optically and morphologically. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the size of ZnO nanowires was 50 nm in diameter and 500 nm in length. XRD patterns and IR spectra revealed the presence of Zn（OH）2 on the films, when low power in the microwave oven was utilized. The ZnO nanowires bandgap energy was obtained from optical transmission spectra.

Characterization of pH-sensitive Poly (acrylic acid-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) Hydrogels Prepared by Gamma Radiation

The pH-sensitive copolymer hydrogels were prepared with the monomers of acrylic acid and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone based on gamma radiation technique. The morphology of the hydrogels was monitored by using scanning electron microscope. The influence of absorbed dose, monomer composition and concentration on the swelling ratio (SR) of the hydrogels were investigated in detail. The effect of pH and temperature of the swelling medium on the swelling behavior of the hydrogels were also examined. The results show that the SR of the copolymer hydrogels decreases with the monomer concentration and absorbed dose increasing. The copolymer hydrogels show a better pH-sensitive behavior. In alkaline solution, the SR of the hydrogels is much higher than in acid solution.

Study on the Mercury （11） Complex of 4,5-benzol,2-dithiole-3-thione by IR, Theoricaly and X-Ray

A mercury （II） complex with 4.5-benzo-1.2-dithiol-3-thione （C7H4S3） （1）, [Hg2I4（C7H4S3）2] （2） was synthesized. The structure of the obtained complex （2） was characterized by crystallography, Infrared Spectroscopy （IR） analysis and theoretical study. The complex （2） has a dimeric structure, where each mercury atom takes a tetrahedral geometry and is coordinated by two bridging chloride, one terminal chloride and one thiocarbonyl sulfur atom （C=S） of the ligand.

Stable isotopes in aquatic food web of an artificial lagoon in the Hangzhou Bay,China

Stable isotope values, δ13C and δ15N, were determined for four primary producers and 19 dominant consumers in a small artificial lagoon located in Hangzhou Bay. Based on these results the major pathways for energy flow and trophic structure of the artificial lagoon ecosystem were characterized. The mean δ13C values for the 19 consumers ranged from -22.99‰ to -14.24‰. Apart from so-iny mullet Liza haematocheila, the other 18 consumers had intermediate δ13C values between those of epibenthic microalgae and particulate organic matter (POM). The results of a multiple source linear mixing model (IsoSource model) indicated that 50% or more of the organic carbon in the tissues of most consumers was derived from epibenthic microalgae. This indicated that these primary producers were the main food source fueling the lagoon food web. The mean δ15N values for the 19 consumers varied between 4.93‰ and 12.97‰ and indicated four trophic levels in the lagoon. Four macroinvertebrates and zooplankton represented the primary consumers, whilst the other 14 consumers occupied the secondary and tertiary consumer levels. The 19 consumers were divided into three trophic guilds (detritivores/suspension feeders, omnivores and carnivores).

Deformation of Linked Polymer Coils

Linked polymer solution (LPS) is defined as the solution of linked polymer coils (LPCs) dispersed in water, composed of low concentration partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and aluminum citrate (crosslinker). In the work, the conformational changes of LPCs under different conditions were investigated by the methods of membrane filtering under low pressure, dynamic light scattering and core flooding experiments. The results showed that in some conditions the LPCs could be compressed mechanically to 1/158.5 of their original volume because of relatively lower HPAM cross-linking. The hydration property of LPCs was similar to that of normal polymer coils. The deformation of LPCs was more restricted than that of ordinary polymer coils under the flow shear stress or the shift of hydration equilibrium caused in the variation of the electrolyte concentration which is responsible for the effective plugging in the throats of porous media when LPCs are used for deep diverting.

Enhancing Structural Stability and Pervaporation Performance of Composite Membranes by Coating Gelatin onto Hydrophilically Modified Support Layer

The interfacial compatibility of composite membrane is an important factor to its structural stability, andseparation performance. In this study, poly （ether sulfone） （PES） support layer was first hydrophilically modified with poly（vinyl alcohol） （PVA） via surface segregation during the phase inversion process. Gelatin （GE） was then cast on the PVA-modified PES support layer as the active layer followed by crosslinking to fabricate composite membranes for ethanol dehydration. The enrichment of PVA on the surface of support layer improved interfacial compatibility of the as-prepared GE/PVA-PES composite membrane. The water contact angle measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） data confirmed the surface segregation of PVA with a surface coverage density of -80%. T-peel test showed that the maxima/force to separate the support layer and the active layer was enhanced by 3 times compared with the GE/PES membrane. The effects of PVA content in the support layer, crosslinking of GE active layer and operating parameters on the pervaporative dehydration performance were investigated. The operational stability of the composite membrane was tested by immersing the membrane in ethanol aqueous solution for a period of time. Stable pervaporation performance for dehydration of 90% ethanol solution was obtained for GE/PVA-PES membrane with a separation factor of -60 and a permeation flux of -1910 g.m^-2.h1 without peeling over 28 days immersion.

Kazakhstan-China Pipeline Pours 4 Million Tons of Oil into China in 1st Year

China has imported 4 million tons of oil through the Kazakhstan-China pipeline in its first year of operation, customs officials said.