论生态治理主体结构及现代性重构

在生态治理过程中,治理主体属性是生态治理合法化的重要基础,它直接关系到生态治理行为方式和评价依据,因而成为生态治理研究的热点之一。自然界的先在性是生态治理主体存在的前提,它从根本上奠定了生态治理实施的场域,然而生态治理主体内部却存在群体与个体之间的张力。实际上,生态治理主体的合理性建基于群己关系,并根据这种普遍关系的伦理性赋予生态治理行为的合法性。为此,需要从有机思维角度重构生态治理主体的行为规范,即立足于人类社会聚焦于生态消费观念及其行为。

渎职犯罪中“重大损失”包含间接经济损失的合理性质疑

重大损失作为认定渎职犯罪的重要评价依据之一,其内涵与外延在刑法文本及相关司法解释中尚未有确定性解释。无论是刑法理论与司法实务,对于渎职犯罪行为与重大损失之间的因果关系考量尚未形成合理的评价体系;由检察机关反渎职部门确定间接经济损失数额的主体合理性也存在疑问。间接经济损失由于其是否具有渎职犯罪行为所造成重大损失的因果性及客观性难以衡量而不应全部纳入重大损失的评价范畴,对此可用经济损失概念作统一表述的方式达到刑法解释体系上的协调,以兼顾理论与实践之需。

一类开放DAI系统的动态行为研究

本文针对Ｒｏｓｅｎｓｃｈｅｉｎ合理主体理论中的静态性、局部性等缺陷以及Ｈｕｂｅｒｍａｎ的计算生态学理论中缺乏对单主体的描述等不足加以改进，在对系统进行合理性假设的基础上，引入系统中合理主体与系统的相互作用，进而研究了开放系统的动态性．

Review on the Study of the Allocation of Corporate Control in Enterprise Theory

With the establishment of a modem corporate system, the separation of ownership and management appears in the company. The rational allocation of corporate control between different behavioral agents has attracted more and more attention. This paper points out that scholars have studied the allocation of corporate control from the angles of the agency cost theory, property rights theory, corporate finance theory, and the theory of corporate governance, which has great value. However, the existing theories also have some flaws on the allocation of corporate control. First, people still have different understandings and views over the meaning of corporate control. Secondly, the existing research theoretically only observes and studies an arrangement of sheer level control, the allocation between final control and real control. This paper argues to build the two-tier allocation of corporate control： The first tier relation is between ultimate control rights and actual control rights, the second tier relation is between indirect control rights and direct control rights which are in actual control rights. This study can explain the resource allocation effects of corporate control, promote the development and improvement of the theory of the firm.

New Perspective for the Philosophy： Re-Construction ＆ Definition of the New Branches of Philosophy

In this article, author evaluated past/present perspectives about philosophy and branches of philosophy due to historical period, religious perspective, and due to their organized categories/branches or areas. Some types of interactions between some disciplines are given as an example. The purpose of this article is, to solve problems related with philosophy and past branches of philosophy, to define new philosophy perspective in the new system, to define new questions and questioning about philosophy or branches of philosophy, to define new or re-constructed branches of philosophy, to define the relations between the philosophy branches, to define good and/or correct structure of philosophy and branches of philosophy, to extend the definition/limits of philosophy, others. Author considered R-Synthesis as a method for the evaluation of the philosophy and related past branches of philosophy. This R-Synthesis includes general/specific perspective with eight categories, 21-dimensions, and twelve general subjects （with related scope and contents） for the past 12,000 years. It is a kind of synthesis of supernaturalism and naturalism, physics and metaphysics, others. In this article, author expressed 27 possible definitive/certain result cases of the new synthesis and defined the possible formation stages to express new theories, new disciplines, theory of interaction, theory of relation, hybrid theory, and others as constructional and/or complementary theories. These theories are considered for 21 major effective disciplines which are defined for a country and for the world. New philosophy perspective, branches of philosophy, and aims/purposes of R-Philosophy are defined to organize many inquiries about the name, number, and relation between special subject ＂X＂ and ＂philosophy of X＂ in some manner. This new perspective includes necessary and sufficient number of philosophy branches, and so it limits the number of ＂philosophy of X＂ in the philosophical system. New Era Philosophy is defined with its sub branches, its constructional philosophies, and with its 8D hybrid philosophy perspective. Ideal Philosophical System is defined with general/specific figure. Some of the new and/or re-constructed branches of philosophy explained with the new defined set of questions, new sub branches and constructional philosophies. Integration of the past/present branches of philosophy into the ideal philosophical system is explained generally. Philosophical interests of the some past philosophers and their relations with the ideal philosophical system expressed with table.

The Phenomenological Approach as Epistemologically Support to Legitimize the Position of Oneself to the Other of Psychoanalysis

This work aims to show, in the phenomenology of Husserl, the relevance to seek the elements that give epistemological legitimacy and validity to the conceptualization that brings psychoanalytic theory to account for processes whose explanation necessarily imply to clarify that psychoanalysis, in contrast to psychological treatments, is not based on the effects of a relationship between the participants but in the positioning that each of them occupies relative to the other, particularly when having in mind the concept of transference and recognizing in it the position from which the analyst can give conditions of possibility--through his interventions--for which the patient may realize, analyze, and rethink his own position on what constitutes his discomfort. Husserl recaptures the Cartesian base from which opens philosophical reflection to a new area of research ＂in＂ consciousness where it is allowed to understand the relationship between subject and object from a new perspective that enables establishing an epistemology that substantiates the rigorous analysis of human subjectivity. Husserl＇s proposal introduces us to an epistemic field in which it can be shown and, that the psychoanalytic method which enables its effects is precisely the position of the analyst, while by his presence and intervention leads to the other in question, without having to abide by an alien desire, be able to position himself before his own desire. This analysis regarding the desire of oneself is indispensable to understand the elements at play in contemporary psychopathology, as in the present context the intensity of the demands generated in the economic apparatus, are experienced by the subject as arising from himself, erasing traces of his desire that is superseded by social imperatives that crushed and fragmented him.