杨凌城市污泥重金属环境风险评价及合理施用量研究

为科学确定污泥施用量和评价污泥中重金属的环境风险,根据重金属不同形态的环境效应引入毒性响应系数确定了污泥的合理施用量,并采用单项污染指数、内梅罗综合指数和地积累指数对污泥中重金属的污染程度进行了评价。初步确定杨凌城市污泥合理施用量为4.04 t/(hm2·a),Cd是限制该地区污泥施用的最主要因素,该方法突出了重金属形态的重要性,弥补了以往对重金属只进行总量控制的不足。

一年两收模式下葡萄大量元素肥料合理施用量研究

为探究在广西葡萄一年两收栽培模式下,不同施肥水平对葡萄产量品质的影响。在不同的生育期对13年以上树龄的正常两收巨峰葡萄开展田间施肥试验,按照不同生育期葡萄营养需求设置5个不同肥料施用水平处理,分析不同处理对葡萄两季葡萄的产量和品质的影响,以期获得适宜的大量元素化肥施用量。结果表明:适量增施氮肥和钾肥有效提高双季葡萄的产量,但是过量则会降低葡萄的产量和品质;适当施用磷肥可以提高两季葡萄中可溶性糖,增加固酸比,过量施用磷肥也会降低葡萄的品质。在葡萄一年两收模式中,巨峰第一季葡萄667m 2最佳施肥方案为施用尿素10~20kg,过磷酸钙30~45kg,硫酸钾肥30~40kg;第二季667m 2最佳施肥方案为:尿素的为10kg左右,过磷酸钙7.5kg或者不施,硫酸钾15~20kg。

驻马店市砂姜黑土夏芝麻施肥决策研究与应用

研究了各种施肥配方对夏芝麻产量的影响。结果表明,各种施肥配方对夏芝麻产量影响的顺序依次为NP>N>K>P。高肥力田块,目标产量为1 110.0 kg/hm2,氮肥(N)和磷肥(P2O5)经济合理施用量分别为106.55、2.5 kg/hm2;中肥力田块,目标产量1 011.0 kg/hm2,氮肥(N)和磷肥(P2O5)经济合理施用量分别为129.01、17.0 kg/hm2;低肥力田块,目标产量759.0 kg/hm2,氮肥(N)和磷肥(P2O5)合理经济施用量分别为147.06、4.5 kg/hm2。氮肥以底追结合和2次追施方式效果最好,比对照增产34.2%和34.8%;施叶面肥的增产幅度为7.7%～10.4%,以喷磷酸二氢钾和喷硼效果最好。

水稻专用壮秧剂在机插水稻上的应用效果研究

为促进机插水稻的生产和发展,笔者对水稻专用壮秧营养剂的应用效果及其合理施用量进行了比较试验,结果表明,使用壮秧剂后,秧苗素质确实有了较大的提升,为机插水稻稳产高产奠定了基础,且不会产生任何肥害。壮秧剂最适用量为每667m2施40g。

Scheme of Nitrogen Reasonable Fertilization in Mulberry Gardens of Sichuan Hilly Areas

Abstract In the research, five test groups were set, including urea at O, 120, 240, 360 and 480 kg/hm^2, respectively, and analysis was conducted on mulberry leaf yield and some characters of the quality in order to establish utility functions of ap-plied N in mulberry gardens with different production purposes and to provide schemes of rational N fertilization. The results indicated that yield of mulberry leaf and content and yield of active nutritional substances in the leaves would be reduced either by insufficient or excessive N quantity. In addition, 240 kg/hm^2 of applied N significantly improved active nutritional substances in leaf and 360 kg/hm^2 of applied N significantly improved yields of mulberry leaf and active nutritional sub-stances. Therefore, utility functions of applied N quantity with leaf yield, DNJ content and yield were established accordingly. The optimal N quantity in mulberry gardens for sericulture is recommended 360 kg/hm^2 and the optimal N quantities in mulberry gardens for increase of yield and content of DNJ are 299.56 and 294.72 kg/hm^2, respectively.

Coupling Effect of Water and Phosphate on Economic Traits of Sugarcane

[Objective] The aim was to study the coupling effect of water and phosphate on economic traits of sugarcane. [Method] Taking sugarcane variety ROC22 as tested material,coupling effects of different levels of water supply quantity and different levels of phosphorus fertilizer on the yield and quality of sugarcane were studied. Among them,water supply quantity had 3 levels,that was,the water supply quantity per 10 days from the early tillering stage of sugarcane to the end of elongation was 199.5 m3/hm2 (A1),400.5 m3/hm2 (A2) and 600.0 m3/hm2 (A3),respectively; Phosphorus fertilizer as basic fertilizer had 4 levels:P2O5 0 kg/hm2 (B1),120 kg/hm2 (B2),240 kg/hm2 (B3) and 360 kg/hm2 (B4). [Result] Treatment A3B2 in water-fertilizer coupling was more suitable to improve economic traits of sugarcane. [Conclusion] The research results provide theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of water and phosphorus fertilizer in production of Guangxi sugarcane and the cultivation of high-yield and high-glucose sugarcane.

河南驻马店市夏芝麻施肥模式及其应用研究

田间试验表明：各种施肥配方对夏芝麻产量影响由大到小的顺序依次为NP〉K〉N〉P，高肥力田块，目标产量为1110．0kg hm^-2，氮肥经济合理施用量为N106．5kg hm^-2，磷肥经济合理施用量为P20，52．5kg hm^-2；中肥力田块，目标产量1011．0kg hm^-2，氮肥经济合理施用量为N129．0kg hm^-2，磷肥经济合理施用量为P20，117．0kg hm^-2；低肥力田块，目标产量759．0kg hm^-2，氮肥合理经济施用量为N147．0kg hm^-2，磷肥经济合理施用量为P2O5 64．5kg hm^-2。氮肥以底追结合和二次追施方式效果最好，比对照增产34～35％。，叶面肥增产幅度为7．7～10．4％，以喷磷酸二氢钾和喷硼效果最好。该项研究取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。

施氮量对杂交中稻产量的影响

以超级杂交中稻扬两优6号为试验材料,研究施氮量对杂交中稻产量的影响以及生产实际中合理氮肥施用量的确定。结果表明：扬两优6号在亩施0~20 kg氮时,产量随施氮量的增加呈先增后减的趋势,当施氮量为15 kg/亩时,产量达到最大;在施氮量为16.56 kg/亩时,经济效益最佳。实际生产中扬两优6号的合理施氮量为15.0~16.56 kg/亩。