交直流混合电场旋转式一体化测试仪的研制

研究了一种直流电场、交流电场和交直流混合电场一体化旋转式电场测量仪。首先导出了一体化旋转式电场测量仪的输出电流与直流电场强度、交流电场强度和交直流混合电场强度的关系。在此基础上采用窄带通滤波法设计了感应信号后续处理电路,分离出感应信号中的直流分量与交流分量,并对电场仪进行了标定与现场测试。该电场仪测量精度高,线性度好,可以同时测量同一地点的交流电场、直流电场和交直流混合电场,对于超/特高压交直流同走廊和同塔输电线路混合电场研究和电磁环境监测具有重要意义。

HLS注入段束流位置探头定标电场的拟合和误差计算

描述了束流位置探测器 (BPM)探头定标、定标电场的拟合和误差计算。该定标系统采用了具有调节精度为 1 0 μm垂直放置真空管道的天线模拟定标装置和分辨率高达 1 μm外差式、窄带频域信号处理电子学线路。并推导出针对合肥光源 (HLS)定标系统条件下的电场拟合函数及相关的 BPMMapping图和误差计算结果 。

交指状电极结构仿真分析及其电场分布拟合

电流变阻尼器由于采用平板式电极结构,在工作时负载的最高剪切速率较低,无法满足负载剪切速率较高的应用需求。现有研究结果表明,交指状电极结构改变了电场分布,提供了与剪切方向相平行的电场分量,有利于提高电流变阻尼器工作时的最高剪切速率,然而交指状电极结构的几何尺寸对其电场平行分量的影响规律尚不清晰,无法将交指状电极结构有效地应用于电流变阻尼器的设计。本文采用有限元分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2a仿真分析了交指状电极结构的空间静电场分布,研究了其几何尺寸对电场平行分量的绝对平均值的影响规律。仿真结果表明,电极宽度越小、电极间隙越大,空间电场的平行分量越大。为了更好地将仿真结果应用于基于交指状电极结构的电流变阻尼器的设计,对交指状电极结构的静电场仿真数据进行电场分布拟合,分析了拟合结果的可靠性,得到交指状电极结构的几何尺寸对其电场平行分量影响规律的数学表达式。研究结果可用于交指状电极结构的电流变阻尼器设计。

雷暴云内电场探测仪及初步实验结果

雷暴云内的电场探空是了解雷暴电荷结构的重要手段之一。为了定量了解雷暴云内的电场分布以确定雷暴的电荷结构，本文根据强电场环境中尖端放电原理，制作了尖端放电电流传感器。该电流传感器包括两根长度均为1m的同轴电缆和一个时间常数为0．1s、量程±16μA的精密电流放大电路；两根同轴电缆悬空垂直于地面，相对放大电路对称布置，两个尖端的长度为5～6cm。利用该电流传感器，同时配合温度、相对湿度、GPS等传感器，组成了雷暴云内电场综合探空仪，并于2007年夏天在甘肃平凉地区进行了初步实验。利用雷暴天气条件下的大气平均电场仪与尖端放电电流传感器进行的地面同步观测记录，得出了大气电场尖端放电电流的拟合关系，发现负电晕放电（尖端为阴极）的阈值电场和正电晕放电阈值电场存在一定差异，且负电晕放电的阈值较低。本文认为这一差异源于正、负电晕放电机制的差异。利用气球携带的电场综合探空仪进行了探空实验，得到了一次空中电场的初步探测结果，在此基础上，对探空路径上可能存在的电荷区域进行了分析。

Applying Double Electric Fields to Avoid Deteriorating Movable Sensitive Parts in MEMS During Anodic Bonding

Anodic bonding between silicon and glass with dou bl e electric fields is presented.By this means,the damage caused by the electric f ield to the movable part during bonding can be avoided and the experiment result s show that.

Bound Polaron in a Quantum Well Under an Electric Field

We conduct a theoretical study on the properties of a bound polaron in a quantum well under an electric field using linear combination operator and unitary transformation methods, which are valid in the whole range of electron-LO phonon coupling. The changing relations between the ground-state energy of the bound polaron in the quantum well and the Coulomb bound potential, the electric field strength, and the well width are derived. The numerical results show that the ground-state energy increases with the increase of the electric field strength and the Coulomb bound potential and decreases as the well width increases.

Effects of annulus gap on flow and temperature field in electromagnetic direct chill casting process

A comprehensive mathematical model of annulus-electromagnetic direct chill （A-EMDC） casting of A357 aluminum alloy was established with corresponding experimental verification. The model was based on a combination of the commercial finite element package ANSYS and the commercial finite volume package FLUENT. The effects of structural parameters on fluid flow, temperature field and solidification during A-EMDC process were investigated numerically. The results show that structural parameters such as annulus gap width, annulus gap position, and centre pipe length influence the flow and temperature fields. The smaller the annulus gap width is, the more uniform the temperature is, and the smaller the temperature gradient is. With increasing the centre pipe length, the circular flow would decrease due to the dislocation of centre pipe. Specially, when the annulus gap is located at periphery of the billet, the temperature gradient of the longitudinal direction in the solidification region falls evidently.

Microstructure evolution of 3003/4004 clad ingots under diverse physical fields

In order to improve the quality of clad ingots, diverse physical fields including electromagnetic stirring, power ultrasonic and compound field of ultrasonic and electromagnetic stirring were attempted to prepare clad ingots of 3003/4004 alloys. The solidification structures near the interface in clad ingots were investigated. The experiment results indicate that the solidification structure of 4004 alloy changes from dendritic crystals to petal-like grains when the clad ingot is treated by electromagnetic stirring. With the effect of power ultrasonic, the solidified microstructure of 4004 alloy exhibits the refinement of both primary a（A1） and eutectic silicon. Under the compound field, the primary a（A1） is refined, the morphology of eutectic silicon has a transition from a coarse plate-like form without treatment or thin acicular-like form with power ultrasonic to fine coral-like form.

Research on 3D marine electromagnetic interferometry with synthetic sources for suppressing the airwave interference

In order to suppress the airwave noise in marine controlled-source electromagnetic （CSEM） data, we propose a 3D deconvolution （3DD） interferometry method with a synthetic aperture source and obtain the relative anomaly coefficient （RAC） of the EM field reflection responses to show the degree for suppressing the airwave. We analyze the potential of the proposed method for suppressing the airwave, and compare the proposed method with traditional methods in their effectiveness. A method to select synthetic source length is derived and the effect of the water depth on RAC is examined via numerical simulations. The results suggest that 3DD interferometry method with a synthetic source can effectively suppress the airwave and enhance the potential of marine CSEM to hydrocarbon exploration.

Electroplastic effect in AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet through uniaxial tensile tests

The electroplastic effect in AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet was investigated through uniaxial tensile tests. In order to show the athermal effect of the electrical pulses, two types of uniaxial tensile tests at the same testing temperature were carried out： uniaxial tension in environmental cabinet and uniaxial tension with electrical pulses. In addition, the distribution of temperature field in the cross-section area during uniaxial tension with electrical pulses was simulated. The results show that the distribution of temperature field along the cross-section area is homogeneous. By comparing the true stress？true strain curves of AZ31B alloy under uniaxial tensile tests, the athermal effect with electrical pulses was confirmed. The microstructure evolution after the uniaxial tension was studied by optical microscopy. The results indicate that the electrical pulses induced dynamic recrystallization plays an important role in the decrease of flow stress. Finally, a flow stress model of AZ31B sheet taking the influence of electroplastic effect into account was proposed and validated. The results demonstrate that the calculated data fit the experimental data well.

Experiment and numerical simulation on flow and heat transfer in all-glass evacuated tube solar collectors

The experimental study of natural convection in allglass evacuated tube solar collectors is performed through the experimental platform of the solar-assisted fuel cell system.The experimental facility includes solar collectors with different length and diameter tubes, different coating materials, and with / without guide plates, respectively. Threedimensional mathematical models on natural and forced convections in the solar collectors are established and the experimental data is validated by field synergy and entransy principles. The results of natural convection show that the water temperature increases and thermal efficiency decreases gradually with the evacuated tube length. The thermal efficiency increases when absorption rates increase from 0. 95 to 1. 0 and emission rates decrease from 0. 16 to 0. 06. The thermal efficiency of solar collectors is increased after being equipped with the guide plate, which is attributed to the disappearance of the mixed flowand the enhancement of the heat transfer at the bottom of the evacuated tube. The results of forced convertion indicate that the Reynolds, Nusselt and entransy increments of the horizontal double collectors are higher than those of the vertical single collector while the entransy dissipation is lower than that of the vertical single collector. It is concluded that the solar collectors with guide plates are suitable for natural convection while the double horizontal collectors are suitable for forced convection in the thermal field of solar-assisted fuel cell systems with lowand medium temperatures.

Analysis of input harmonic current mitigating performance in dual output phase-shift distribution transformer

A novel dual output phase-shift distribution transformer （ DOPSDT ） is proposed based on the electromagnetic filtering theory. First, its structural characteristics, winding connection mode and turn number ratio for special phase shifting are investigated. Secondly, the balance formulation of harmonic magneto-motive forces is derived and the electromagnetic filtering principle of the DOPSDT is introduced. The harmonic mitigating performance under different nonlinear load conditions are also analyzed using the field-circuit coupled method, The analysis results show that the DOPSDT can mitigate the primary current distortion even under severe nonlinear load conditions. By applying the zero sequence flux cancellation and phase-shift techniques at their secondary windings, the DOPSDT can significantly reduce the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th, 17th and 19th harmonics within its secondary windings.

Interactions of Heavy Metal Ions with Paddy Soils as Inferred from Wien Effect Measurements in Dilute Suspensions

Interactions of three heavy metal ions, Cu^2＋, Cd^2＋, and Pb^2＋, and, for comparison, Na^＋ with electrodialytic clay fractions （less than 2μm in diameter） of four paddy soils as well as a yellow-brown soil as a control soil were evaluated based on measurements of the Wien effect in dilute suspensions with a clay concentration of 10 g kg^-1 in four nitrate solutions of 2 × 10^-4/z mol L^-1, where z is the cation valence, and a nitric acid solution of 3 × 10^-5 mol L^-1, Field strengths ranging from 15 to 230 kV cm^-1 were applied for measuring the electrical conductivities （ECs） of the suspensions. The mean free binding energies between the various cations and all of the soils determined from exchange equilibrium increased in the order： Na^＋ 〈 Cd^2＋ 〈 Cu^2＋ 〈 Pb^2＋. In general, the ECs of the suspensions in the sodium nitrate solution were smaller than those of the suspensions in the heavy metal solutions because of the lower electrophoretic mobility of sodium compared to the divalent cations. In terms of relative electrical conductivity-field strength relationships, relative electrical conductivity （REC） of suspensions containing various cations at field strengths larger than about 50 kV cm^-1 were in the descending order： Na^＋ 〉 Cu^2＋ 〉 Cd^2＋ 〉 Pb^2＋ for all tested soils. A characteristic parameter of the REC-field strength curves, AREC200, REC at a field strength of 200 kV cm^-1 minus that at the local minimum of the concave segment of the REC-field strength curves, characterized the strength of adsorption of the cations stripped off by the applied strong electrical field, and for all soils the values of AREC200 were generally in the order： Na^＋ 〈 Cu^2＋ ≤ Cd^2＋ 〈 Pb^2＋.

Effective Response of Nonlinear Spherical Coated Composites Under External AC and DC Electric Field

Under the external AC and DC electric field, the effective response of nonlinear spherical coated composites, which obey the constitutive relation of electric displaeement and electric field, is investigated in the dilute limit by using the perturbation method. The local potentials in inclusion and host regions are derived at all harmonics. Moreover, the formulae of the effective linear and nonlinear responses are given in the dilute limit.

Predicting the Dielectric Strength of c-C_4F_8 and SF_6 Gas Mixtures by Monte Carlo Method

An improved Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the motion of electrons in c-C4F8 and SF6 gas mixtures for pulsed townsend discharge. The electron swarm parameters such as effective ionization coefficient, -↑α and drift velocity over the E/N range from 280～700 Td（1Td=10^-21 V·m^2） were calculated by employing a set of cross sections available in literature. From the variation cure of -↑α with SF6 partial pressure p, the limiting field （E/N）lim of gas mixture at different gas content was determined. It is found that the limiting field of c-C4F8 and SF6 gas mixture is higher than that of pure SF6 at any SF6 mixture ratio. Simulation results show excellent agreement with experiment data available in previous literature.

Effect of pulsed electromagnetic frequency on the microstructure, wear and solid erosion resistance of CrAlN coatings deposited by arc ion plating

In this work,the chromium aluminum nitride(CrAlN)coatings were prepared on TC11 titanium alloy by composite magnetic field cathodic arc ion plating with controllable pulse electromagnetic combined with permanent magnet.The effects of electromagnetic frequency on the morphology,microstructure,nano-hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and nano-indenter.This paper has mainly studied the influence of CrAlN coatings which are prepared at various electromagnetic frequencies on the wear and erosion resistance through a series of wear and solid particle erosion experiments.It was found that the deposition rate of CrAlN coatings increases with the increase of electromagnetic frequency.And CrAlN coatings all preferentially grew along the(111)crystal plane.At 16.7 Hz,with the increase of pulsed electromagnetic frequency,the hardness is the highest(23.6 GPa)and the adhesion is the highest(41.5 N).In addition,the coating deposition exhibited the best wear and solid erosion resistance at 16.7 Hz and 33.3 Hz,the friction coefficient is about 0.35,and the erosion rate is about 0.2μm/g at 30°and less than 1μm/g at 90°,respectively.These results indicate that the CrAlN coating formed at an appropriate pulsed electromagnetic frequency can achieve excellent mechanical properties,wear and solid erosion resistance.

Effect of Surface Charge on Flashover for Oil-Pressboard Insulation under AC-DC Combined Electric Field

For converter transformer, AC-DC combined electric field can trigger space charge accumulation on oil-impregnated pressboard interface. The accumulation of space charge on oil-pressboard interface can result in electric field distortion, trend to trigger surface discharge of barriers. This paper studied the influence of surface charge on flashover voltage of oil-impregnated pressboard under AC-DC combined electric field. The study finds that the flashover voltage of oil-pressboard interface under negative polarity DC superimposed AC electric field is higher than that.of positive DC superimposed AC voltage to form composite electric field. It was found that homopolar surface charge has been accumulated on the interface of oil-pressboard with positive or negative DC voltage through measuring surface potential by the electrostatic capacitive probe. The surface charge produced electric field in the opposite direction, which weakening the synthetic electric field strength. What＇s more, under the same conditions, the negative surface charge density oil-pressboard is much larger than the positive.

Collapse of Four-Arm Stars Polyelectrolyte Brushes Under An Electric Field in the Presence of Trivalent Salt Coions

Langevin dynamics simulations were conducted to study the collapse of grafted partially charged 4-arm star chains onto the oppositely charged grafting electrode in the presence of trivalent salt coions.Simulation results reveal that the average charge fraction of the grafted star chains and the salt concentration play critical roles in the competitive adsorption of charged monomers and trivalent salt coions onto the oppositely charged electrode.For grafted star chains with relatively high charge fraction,charged monomers are the dominant species collapsing on the oppositely charged electrode with the emergence of charge reversal on the grafting electrode.At a low charge fraction such that the total amount of charges on a grafted star molecule is comparable to that of a trivalent salt coion,trivalent salt coions absorb more strongly onto the electrode than grafted stars even at very low salt concentration.It is found that at relatively low charge fraction of star chains,the addition of trivalent salt coions does not lead to charge overcompensation of the surface charges on the grafting electrode.The stretching of star brushes under an electric field in the presence of trivalent salt coions was also briefly investigated.

Effect of the Electron—Phonon Coupling on Barrier D^— Quantum Dots in Magnetic Fields

The influence of the electron-phonon coupling on the energy of low-lying states of the barrier D- center, which consists of a positive ion located on the z-axis at a distance from the two-dimensional quantum dot plane and two electrons in the dot plane bound by the ion, is investigated at arbitrary strength of magnetic field by making use of the method of few-body physics. Discontinuous ground-state energy transitions induced by the magnetic field are reported. The dependence of the binding energy of the D- ground state on the quantum dot radius is obtained. A considerable enhancement of the binding is found for the D- ground state, which results from the confinement of electrons and electron-phonon coupling.

Thermodynamics of Third Order Lovelock-Born-Infeld Black Holes

We here explore black holes in the third order Lovelock gravity coupling with nonlinear Born-Infeld electro- magnetic field. Considering special second and third order coefficients （＆g = 363 = a2）, we analyze the thermodynamics of third order Lovelock-Born-Infeld black holes and, in 7-dimensional AdS space-time, discuss the stability of black holes in different event horizon structures. We find that the cosmological constant A plays an important role in the distribution of black hole stable regions.