以藏书者的视野观台湾合记图书

以台湾合记图书出版社赠送北京大学医学分馆(2008-2010年出版)的部分图书为例,分析该出版社出版特点,总结了其重视人才发展战略和以人为本的设计理念等,值得大陆医学出版社学习借鉴。

从今解识春风面,肠断罗浮晓梦边——《吴吴山三妇合评牡丹亭还魂记》述评

评述吴吴山三妇及其《牡丹亭》评本 ,充分肯定其理论价值。

女儿笔底女儿心——《吴吴山三妇合评牡丹亭还魂记》评语的女性立场

在《牡丹亭》的众多评点本中,《吴吴山三妇合评牡丹亭还魂记》以其清丽典雅的评语和独具一格的女性视角,鲜明地反映了当时闺阁妇女的文学艺术观念和生活观念。本文先总论三妇批语,分析她们对杜、柳之"情"的心理观照和对丽娘之"梦"的深层解析,探讨她们所表现出的对美好爱情生活的理想追求;然后分论三妇批语,剖析她们对《牡丹亭》之"情"的不同体悟,研究她们所表现出的强烈的女性意识。

新出土唐《姚偁王淑合祔玄堂记》所见姚崇家族史事略考

2016年,姚偁及其妻王淑的合祔墓志在河南洛阳伊川县万安山姚氏家族墓地出土。志主是姚崇曾孙,姚彝孙,姚闢之子,姚勖之父。墓志中涉及中唐时期姚崇家族许多史事,如姚闢在伪燕遇害并被唐朝追赠的情况,姚偁的生平仕宦历程及婚姻子嗣,姚勖早年艰苦的成长经历,姚偁夫妇二人身后归葬万安山的艰辛历程等。该墓志的发现揭示了以往我们不了解的姚崇曾孙姚偁的家族史事,为姚崇家族的研究提供了新的史料,对中古洛阳大族丧葬文化的研究以及姚崇家族墓园的恢复也具有重要的文献价值和现实意义。

《牡丹亭》的女性批评者——《吴吴山三妇合评牡丹亭还魂记》

作为《牡丹亭》的女性批评者,吴吴山三妇的批评与男性作者及男性批评者对《牡丹亭》有着不同的认识和理解,以女性读者与批评者的身份和眼光,在肯定女主角杜丽娘作为"情"的代表的同时,更强调男主角柳梦梅在"情"与"理"的抗争中的作用与地位,认为柳梦梅与杜丽娘一样,也是"情"的代表人物。在对剧作的结构、语言和人物形象的塑造等艺术手法的批点上,三妇也表现出了女性批评者细腻独到的见解。

南戏《金印记》的流传和变异

南戏《金印记》从最早的宋元旧篇《苏秦传》到明代的《冻苏秦》《金印记》《金印合纵记》,在流传过程中,产生了不同的版本,一类是只演敷演苏秦衣锦还乡的情节,而另一类在敷演苏秦衣锦还乡的情节中,却插入了另一纵横家张仪的情节。

西汉“合肥”非“都会”“输会”辨析

《史记·货殖列传》云“而合肥受南北潮,皮革、鲍、木输会也”,这是“合肥”一词首次见于史籍。后世学者认为此处“合肥”就是合肥县,并据此认为西汉合肥县是“输会”“都会”。这是误读。比较《史记》《汉书·地理志》记载的其他都会城市可知,马、班并不将合肥视作都会。西汉时期,合肥所在的“楚越之地”,“地广人稀,饭稻羹鱼,或火耕而水耨”,“无积聚而多贫”,“亦无千金之家”。其时九江郡共15县,户15万、口78万,合肥的户数不会超过1万、口不会超过5万。合肥位处江淮分水岭以南,西和北为丘陵岗地,北去淮河不通水路,交通运输条件不好。从生产力水平、交通、物产等方面分析,可知合肥亦非输会。《货殖列传》所云“合肥”,当指寿春附近有肥水与淮水相合,寿春才是输会。

Microstructure and martensitic transformation in quaternary NiTiHfV alloy

The effect of age hardening on the microstructure,martensitic transformation behavior,and shape memory properties of the(Ni_(50)Ti_(30)Hf_(20))_(95)V_(5)alloy was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,differential scanning calorimetry,microhardness,and bending tests.The results demonstrate a significant influence of V addition on the microstructure of the alloy.V addition leads to the formation of a(Ni,V)_(2)(Ti,Hf)-type Laves phase,which coexists with B19'martensite at room temperature.Aging at 550℃results in precipitation hardening due to the formation of nano-scale orthorhombic H-phase,with the peak hardness observed after 3 h of aging.The alloy at peak hardness state exhibits higher transformation strain and lower unrecovered strain compared to the solution-treated sample.The aged sample achieves a maximum transformation strain of 1.56%under 500 MPa.

Improving comprehensive properties of Cu-11.9Al-2.5Mn shape memory alloy by adding multi-layer graphene carried by Cu_(51)Zr_(14)inoculant particles

In order to improve the comprehensive properties of the Cu-11.9Al-2.5Mn shape memory alloy(SMA),multilayer graphene(MLG)carried by Cu_(51)Zr_(14)inoculant particles was incorporated and dispersed into this alloy through preparing the preform of the cold-pressed MLG-Cu_(51)Zr_(14)composite powders.In the resultant novel MLG/Cu-Al-Mn composites,MLG in fragmented or flocculent form has a good bonding with the Cu-Al-Mn matrix.MLG can prevent the coarsening of grains of the Cu-Al-Mn SMA and cause thermal mismatch dislocations near the MLG/Cu-Al-Mn interfaces.The damping and mechanical properties of the MLG/Cu-Al-Mn composites are significantly improved.When the content of MLG reaches 0.2 wt.%,the highest room temperature damping of 0.0558,tensile strength of 801.5 MPa,elongation of 10.8%,and hardness of HV 308 can be obtained.On the basis of in-depth observation of microstructures,combined with the theory of internal friction and strengthening and toughening theories of metals,the relevant mechanisms are discussed.

李石曾对近代高阳的影响

李石曾,河北高阳人,其父是显赫一时的晚清重臣李鸿藻。生于显赫之家的他在民国政坛上非常活跃,在中国近代历史上留下了属于他的印记。他虽祖籍高阳,但他17岁以前从未到过高阳,但高阳毕竟是其家乡故土,他的融通中西的学识和思想,以及在国内外的声誉和影响对高阳还是产生了重要作用。

Crystallization of amorphous NiTi shape memory alloy fabricated by severe plastic deformation

Based on the local canning compression,severe plastic deformation（SPD） is able to lead to the almost complete amorphous nickel-titanium shape memory alloy（NiTi SMA）,in which a small amount of retained nanocrystalline phase is embedded in the amorphous matrix.Crystallization of amorphous NiTi alloy annealed at 573,723 and 873 K was investigated,respectively.The crystallization kinetics of the amorphous NiTi alloy can be mathematically described by the Johnson-MehlAvrami-Kolmogorov（JMAK） equation.NiTi SMA with a complete nanocrystalline phase is obtained in the case of annealing at 573 K and 723 K,where martensite phase transformation is suppressed due to the constraint of the grain boundaries.Crystallization of amorphous NiTi alloy at 873 K leads to the coarse-grained NiTi sample,where（001） martensite compound twin is observed at room temperature.It can be found that the martensitic twins preferentially nucleate at the grain boundary and they grow up towards the two different grains.SPD based on the local canning compression and subsequent annealing provides a new approach to obtain the nanocrystalline NiTi SMA.

Dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of NiTi shape memory alloy under hot compression deformation

Mechanical behavior of nickel？titanium shape memory alloy（NiTi SMA） under hot deformation was investigated according to the true stress—strain curves of NiTi samples under compression at the strain rates of 0.001-1 s-1 and at the temperatures of 600？1000℃.Dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of NiTi SMA were systematically investigated by microstructural evolution.The influence of the strain rates,the deformation temperatures and the deformation degree on the dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of NiTi SMA was obtained as well.NiTi SMA was characterized by the combination of dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization at 600℃ and 700℃,but the complete dynamic recrystallization occurred at other deformation temperatures.Increasing the deformation temperatures or decreasing the stain rates leads to larger equiaxed grains.The deformation degree has an important influence on the dynamic recrystallization of NiTi SMA.There exists the critical deformation degree during the dynamic recrystallization of NiTi SMA,beyond which the larger deformation degree contributes to obtaining the finer equiaxed grains.

Effect of solution treatment and aging on microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of NiTi shape memory alloy

As-received nickel-titanium （NiTi） shape memory alloy with a nominal composition of Ni50.9Ti49.1 （mole fraction,%） was subjected to solution treatment at 1123 K for 2 h and subsequent aging for 2 h at 573 K, 723 K and 873 K, respectively. The influence of solution treatment and aging on microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of NiTi alloy was systematically investigated by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and compression test. Solution treatment contributes to eliminating the Ti2Ni phase in the as-received NiTi sample, in which the TiC phase is unable to be removed. Solution treatment leads to ordered domain of atomic arrangement in NiTi alloy. In all the aged NiTi samples, the Ni4Ti3 precipitates, the R phase and the B2 austenite coexist in the NiTi matrix at room temperature, while the martensitic twins can be observed in the NiTi samples aged at 873 K. In the NiTi samples aged at 573 and 723 K, the fine and dense Ni4Ti3 precipitates distribute uniformly in the NiTi matrix, and thus they are coherent with the B2 matrix. However, in the NiTi sample aged at 873 K, the Ni4Ti3 precipitates exhibit the very inhomogeneous size, and they are coherent, semi-coherent and incoherent with the B2 matrix. In the case of aging at 723 K, the NiTi sample exhibits the maximum yield strength, where the fine and homogeneous Ni4Ti3 precipitates act as the effective obstacles against the dislocation motion, which results in the maximum critical resolved shear stress for dislocation slip.

Plastic yielding of NiTi shape memory alloy under local canning compression

As a new attempt, local canning compression was applied in order to implement large plastic deformation of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy （NiTi SMA） at room temperature. The plastic mechanics of local canning compression of NiTi SMA was analyzed according to the slab method as the well as plastic yield criterion. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） were used to study the microstructural evolution as well as deformation behavior of NiTi samples under local canning compression. Increasing the hydrostatic pressure with the increase in the outer diameters of the steel cans is responsible for suppressing the initiation and growth of the micro-cracks, which contributes to enhancing the plasticity ofNiTi SMA and avoiding the occurrence of brittle fracture. Plastic deformation of NiTi SMA under a three-dimensional compressive stress state meets von-Mises yield criterion at the true strains ranging from about 0.15 to 0.50, while in the case of larger plastic strain, von-Mises yield criterion is unable to be met since the amorphous phase arises in the deformed NiTi sample.

Effects of second phases on mechanical properties and martensitic transformations of ECAPed TiNi and Ti-Mo based shape memory alloys

TiNi and Ti-based shape memory alloys were processed by equal channel angular pressing （ECAP） at 673-773 K along Bc route to obtain ultrafine grains for increasing the strength of parent phase and improving the functional properties. The effects of both thermodynamically stable and metastable second phases on the mechanical properties and martensitic transformations of these alloys were investigated. It is found that thermodynamically stable Ti2Ni phase has no effect on martensitic transformation and superelasticity of Ti-rich TiNi alloy, thermodynamically stable α phase is harmful for ductility of Ti-Mo-Nb-V-Al alloy, but metastable Ti3Ni4 phase is effective for R phase transformation, martensitic transformation and superelasticity of Ni-rich TiNi alloy. The mechanisms of the second phases on the martensitic transformations and mechanical properties were discussed.

Influence of cooling rate on phase transformation and microstructure of Ti-50.9%Ni shape memory alloy

Heat treatment of Ti-50.9%Ni （mole fraction） alloy was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopey and energy dispersive X-ray analysis to investigate the influence of cooling rate on transformation behavior and microstructures of NiTi shape memory alloy. The experimental results show that three-stage phase transformation can be induced at a very low cooling rate such as cooling in furnace. The cooling rate also has a great influence on the phase transformation temperatures. Both martensitic start transformation temperature （Ms） and martensitic finish transformation temperature （Mf） decrease with the decrease of the cooling rate, and decreasing the cooling rate contributes to enhancing the M→A austenite transformation temperature. The phase transformation hysteresis （Af-Mf） increases with the decrease of the cooling rate. Heat treatment is unable to eliminate the textures formed in hot working of NiTi sample, but can weaken the intensity of them. The cooling rate has little influence on the grain size.

Fracture behavior and microstructure of as-cast NiTi shape memory alloy

The as-cast ingot of equiatomic nickel-titanium shape memory alloy （NiTi SMA） was prepared by vacuum consumable arc melting. The tensile tests and the compressive tests with respect to as-cast NiTi SMA were performed to study its mechanical properties of fracture. The microanalysis of as-cast NiTi SMA as well as its fractured samples was performed so as to better understand microstructure evolution and fracture behavior of NiTi SMA. Under tensile loading, the as-cast NiTi SMA shows higher plasticity and is characterized by ductile fracture at 750℃, but it demonstrates poorer plasticity and is characterized by cleavage fracture as well as transcrystalline fracture at room temperature and -100 ℃. Under compressive loading at -100 ~C, the as-cast NiTi SMA is characterized by shear fracture where the normal to the shearing fracture surface inclines about 45° to the compressive axis, and belongs to cleavage fracture where the cracks exoand via transcrvstalline fracture.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-rolled Ti_(50)Ni_(47)Fe_3 shape memory alloy

Mechanical and shape memory properties of a Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy annealed at 450-750 °C for 1 h after a cold-rolled reduction of 25% were investigated by phase transformation analysis and microstructure characterization using tensile tests, Vickers hardness tests, electrical resistivity-temperature tests, SEM and TEM. From the results of the tensile, it can be inferred that the fracture stress and yield stress decreased and the fracture elongation increased as the annealing temperature increased for the rolled Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy. They reached stead values when the temperature was above 650 °C. The change in Vickers hardness corresponded to the change in the fracture stress and yield stress. The electrical resistivity-temperature curves suggest that a two- stage martensitic transformation（B2-R-B19′） occurred during cooling and heating. The transformation temperatures decreased to lower temperatures when the annealing temperature was increased and maintained the same after the annealing temperature reached 650 °C. TEM revealed the distinct processes occurring at elevated temperatures： recovery, polygonization, and recrystallization.

Welding of shape memory alloy to stainless steel for medical occluder

Dissimilar metal joining between NiTi shape memory alloy（SMA） and stainless steel was conducted.A cluster of NiTi SMA wires were first joined with tungsten inert gas（TIG） welding process,then the NiTi SMA TIG weld was welded to a stainless steel pipe with laser spot welding process.The microstructure of the welds was examined with an optical microscope and the elemental distribution in the welds was measured by electron probe microanalysis（EPMA）.The results show that TiC compounds dispersively distribute in the NiTi SMA TIG weld.However,the amount of TiC compounds greatly decreases around the fusion boundary of the laser spot weld between the NiTi SMA and stainless steel.Mutual diffusion between NiTi shape memory alloy and stainless steel happen within a short distance near the fusion boundary,and intermetallic compounds such as Ni3Ti＋（Fe,Ni）Ti appear around the fusion boundary.