激光合金化材料表面均匀性的定量分析

本文叙述了45钢表面激光铬钼合金化形成过程,应用数学方法定量地分析了材料表面硬化的均匀性,讨论了各种条件下引起硬化不均匀的原因,指出了提高材料表面硬度和均匀性的途径。

预合金化粉末制备钛基复合材料研究进展

钛基复合材料(TMCs)以其高强度、高比模量、优良的耐磨性和耐热性,成为航空航天等领域广泛使用的先进结构材料。粉末冶金(PM)和增材制造(AM)作为TMCs的常见先进制备工艺,因其具有高材料设计自由度和材料利用率而备受青睐。然而,这些工艺在增强相分布、尺寸及结构方面的局限性,使得TMCs的力学性能提升面临挑战。预合金化粉末为TMCs提供了新颖的增强相结构,可以将TiC、TiB等陶瓷颗粒细化至纳米级并均匀分布,显著细化材料,同时,还可以与一次粉末边界(PPB)网络结构结合,实现增强相的多级分布,为PM和AM工艺在优化TMCs的强塑性方面开辟新的途径。基于此背景,本文综述了利用预合金化粉末制备PM TMCs和AM TMCs的研究进展,介绍了预合金化粉末的制备工艺,并探讨了其带来的新型结构与性能优化效果。最后,总结了该工艺在当前阶段面临的突出问题,并展望了未来的研究方向和发展趋势。

合金化填充材料Ni对SiC_P/6061Al复合材料激光焊接焊缝显微组织的影响

以 Ni片作为合金化填充材料对 Si CP/ 6 0 6 1Al金属基复合材料 (Si CP/ 6 0 6 1Al MMC)进行激光焊接 ,研究了激光输出功率、焊接速度等焊接工艺参数对焊缝显微组织的影响。结果表明 ,采用金属 Ni片作为合金化填充材料对 Si CP/ 6 0 6 1Al MMC进行激光焊接 ,可以在一定程度上抑制 Si C颗粒的溶解及针状脆性相 Al4C3的形成 ,并获得以 Al3Ni等相为增强相的焊缝显微组织 ,但在焊缝心部有粗大的气孔形成。

陶瓷颗粒增强扩散合金化钢复合材料的微观结构和力学性能

采用传统粉末冶金工艺制备了陶瓷颗粒增强Fe‒0.5Mo‒1.75Ni‒1.5Cu‒0.7C扩散合金化钢复合材料,选用的陶瓷颗粒为SiC、TiC和TiB_(2)。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了烧结材料微观结构,并对烧结材料的硬度、强度和摩擦磨损性能进行了测试。结果表明,由于SiC和TiB_(2)与基体的化学相容性好,陶瓷颗粒与基体界面结合良好;由于TiC颗粒具有极高的化学稳定性,TiC颗粒与基体界面结合情况不理想。随着陶瓷相含量(质量分数)的增加,添加SiC和TiC的烧结试样相对密度降低;添加TiB_(2)的烧结试样相对密度先增加后降低,当添加TiB_(2)质量分数为0.9%时达到最大值。随着陶瓷含量增加,添加SiC和TiB_(2)烧结试样的硬度增大,当陶瓷相质量分数超过1.2%时,硬度增加缓慢;添加TiC烧结试样的硬度先增加后降低,当添加TiC质量分数为0.9%时达到最大值。随着陶瓷相含量增加,添加SiC和TiC烧结试样的强度降低,少量添加SiC对强度没有明显损害;添加TiB_(2)烧结试样的强度先增加后降低,当添加TiB_(2)质量分数为0.6%时达到最大值(971.7MPa),比基体提高了14.1%以上。添加陶瓷相对烧结钢性能的积极影响依次是TiB_(2)、SiC和TiC。

钠离子电池合金化负极材料研究及应用进展

钠离子电池凭借钠资源丰富、分布广泛、价格低廉的优势在大规模储能领域具有重要的应用前景,可与锂离子电池形成优势互补.负极材料是电池化学的关键组成,其能量密度、使用寿命等直接影响着电池性能.合金化材料具有理论比容量高、工作电压适宜等优势,被认为是一类有应用潜力的储钠负极.然而,这类材料发生合金化反应时体积膨胀严重,电极材料易粉化脱落,造成电化学稳定性欠佳.目前,主要通过材料微纳结构设计、界面化学调控、碳材料复合、表面包覆、电解液优化等方法来改善其电化学性能.本文综述了合金化负极材料的最新研究进展,探讨了其发展面临的瓶颈以及解决方案,介绍了基于合金化负极的钠离子全电池构筑策略和应用实例,为高性能钠离子电池的发展提供一定参考依据.

机械活化热压制备新型Cu／Cr2Nb触头材料的组织与性能

将Cu、Cr、Nb元素粉经25h机械合金化活化处理后,在1000℃保温1h的工艺下通过真空热压来制备新型Cu/Cr2Nb触头材料,研究了不同成分Cu/Cr2Nb触头材料的组织和性能。结果表明,在机械合金化过程中未能合成出Cr2Nb,但在热压过程中得到了充分合成和析出,所制备的Cu/Cr2Nb触头材料的组织均匀细小,Cr2Nb相尺寸在几个微米。当Cr2Nb含量(质量分数)为25%～35%时,Cu/Cr2Nb触头材料的致密度与熔渗法和热压法制备的常规CuCr50触头材料相当,但前者的硬度和电导率却明显高于后者。

A review of anode materials for sodium ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are used in electric vehicles and portable smart devices,but lithium resources are dwindling and there is an increasing demand which has to be catered for.Sodium ion batteries(SIBs),which are less costly,are a promising replacement for LIBs because of the abundant natural reserves of sodium.The anode of a SIB is a necessary component of the battery but is less understood than the cathode.This review outlines the development of various types of anodes,including carbonbased,metallic and organic,which operate using different reaction mechanisms such as intercalation,alloying and conversion,and considers their challenges and prospects.Strategies for modifying their structures by doping and coating,and also modifying the solid electrolyte interface are discussed.In addition,this review also discusses the challenges encountered by the anode of SIBs and the solutions.

氨碱法生产中的防腐措施探讨

文中阐述了氨碱法纯碱生产中主要腐蚀和防腐蚀情况;通过研究认为,最有前途的防腐方法是使用表面合金化材料,与传统防腐措施相比,它的使用寿命可延长3倍左右.

Ti对SiCp/Al等离子弧焊焊缝组织的影响

对铝基复合材料进行等离子弧焊接,高温下基体A l与增强相S iC之间发生有害界面反应,生成脆性相A l4C3,严重降低焊接接头的力学性能.采用钛合金作为填充材料,对S iCp/6061A l进行原位合金化焊接,并将离子气由单一的Ar气变为以一定比例混合的N2+Ar的混合气体,着重研究了合金化填充材料Ti对焊缝显微组织的影响.研究结果表明:合金化填充材料Ti的添加改善了基体与增强相间的润湿性,在一定程度上抑制了基体A l与增强相S iC之间界面反应的发生,抑制了脆性相A l4C3的生成,并获得以TiN、A lN为二次增强相均匀分布的焊缝显微组织,保证了焊接接头的力学性能.

Analysis of bulging process of aluminum alloy by overlapping sheet metal and its formability

The influences of strength coefficient K, work hardening exponent n and thickness t of the overlapping sheet on bulging process are analyzed based on hardening material model. Also, bulging experiments are carried out by taking the aluminum alloy LF21 as formed sheet metal, and selecting overlapping sheet with different thicknesses and material properties, by which accuracy of the above analysis result is verified in the aspects of geometric shape, thickness distribution and limit bulging height. The results show that higher strength coefficient K, larger work hardening exponent n and proper thickness of the overlapping sheet are helpful to improve the formability and forming uniformity of formed sheet metal.

Microstructure and wear resistance of laser clad TiB-TiC/TiNi-Ti_2Ni intermetallic coating on titanium alloy

A wear resistant TiB-TiC reinforced TiNi-Ti2Ni intermetallic matrix composite coating（TiB-TiC/TiNi-Ti2Ni） was prepared on Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V titanium alloy by the laser cladding process using Ti＋Ni＋B4C powder blends as the precursor materials.Microstructure and worn surface morphologies of the coating were characterized by optical microscopy（OM）,scan electron microscopy（SEM）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,energy dispersive X-ray analysis（EDS） and atomic force microscopy（AFM）.Wear resistance of the coating was evaluated under dry sliding wear test condition at room temperature.The results indicate that the laser clad coating has a unique microstructure composed of flower-like TiB-TiC eutectic ceramics uniformly distributed in the TiNi-Ti2Ni dual-phase intermetallic matrix.The coating exhibits an excellent wear resistance because of combined action of hard TiB-TiC eutectic ceramic reinforcements and ductile TiNi-Ti2Ni dual-phase intermetallic matrix.

Tortuosity factor for porous FeAl intermetallics fabricated by reactive synthesis

The tortuosity factor is the most critical parameter for the pore characteristic of porous materials. The tortuosity factor for porous FeAl intermetallics was studied based on the Darcy law and Hagen-Poiseuille equation. Porous stainless steel with the same pore structure parameter as porous FeAl was fabricated by powder metallurgy method for comparison. The results show that the tortuosity factor of porous FeAl intermetallics is smaller than that of porous stainless steel when their pore structure parameters are the same. The average tortuosity factor is 2.26 for the porous FeAl material and 2.92 for the porous stainless steel, calculated by Hagen-Poiseuille equation. The reason of the different tortuosity factors for porous FeAl and porous stainless steel was also explored through studying the pore formation mechanisms of the two types of porous materials.

Effect of Ti-Si-Mg-Al wire on microstructure and mechanical properties of plasma arc in-situ welded joint of SiC_p/Al composites

The influence of Ti-Si-Mg-AI wire on microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCp/A1 metal matrix composite joints produced by plasma arc in-situ weld-alloying was investigated. Argon-nitrogen mixture was used as plasma gas and Ti-Si-Mg-A1 flux-cored wires as filled composites. Weldments were submitted to tensile test. Meanwhile, the macro morphology and microstructure of the joints were examined. The result shows that the formation ofneedie-like harmful phase A14C3 is effectively inhibited and the wettability of molten pool is improved by adding Ti-Si-Mg-A1 flux-cored wires. With 15Ti-5Si-5Mg-A1 flux-cored wire as filled composite, the maximum tensile strength of the welded joint is 267 MPa, which is up to 83% that of the matrix composites under annealed condition.

WC-Ni_3Al-B composites prepared through Ni+Al elemental powder route

In order to develop the liquid phase sintering process of WC-Ni3Al-B composites,the preparation process of WC＋Ni3Al prealloyed powder by reaction synthesis of carbonyl Ni,analytical purity Al and coarse WC powders was investigated.DSC and XRD were adopted to study the procedure of phase transformation for the 3Ni＋Al and 70%WC＋（3Ni＋Al） mixed powders in temperature ranges of 550-1200 °C and 25-1400 °C,respectively.The results demonstrate that the formation mechanism of Ni3Al depends on the reaction temperature.Besides WC phase,there exist Ni2Al3,NiAl and Ni3Al intermetallics in the powder mixture after heat treatment at 200-660 °C,while only NiAl and Ni3Al exist at 660-1100 °C.Homogeneous WC＋Ni3Al powder mixture can be obtained in the temperature range of 1100-1200 °C.The WC-30%（Ni3Al-B） composites prepared from the mixed powders by conventional powder metallurgy technology show nearly full density and the shape of WC is round.WC-30%（Ni3Al-B） composites exhibit higher hardness of 9.7 GPa,inferior bending strength of 1800 MPa and similar fracture toughness of 18 MPa-m1/2 compared with commercial cemented carbides YGR45（WC-30%（Co-Ni-Cr））.

Effect of germanium on electrochemical performance of chain-like Co-P anode material for Ni/Co rechargeable batteries

Co-P （4.9% P） powders with a chain-like morphology were prepared by a novel chemical reduction method. The Co-P and germanium powders were mixed at various mass ratios to form Co-P composite electrodes. Charge and discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） were carried out to investigate the electrochemical performance, which can be significantly improved by the addition of germanium. For instance, when the mass ratio of Co-P powders to germanium is 5：1, the sample electrode shows a reversible discharge capacity of 350.3 mA·h/g and a high capacity retention rate of 95.9% after 50 cycles. The results of cyclic voltammmetry （CV） show the reaction mechanism of Co/Co（OH）2 within Co-P composite electrodes and EIS indicates that this electrode shows a low charge-transfer resistance, facilitating the oxidation of Co to Co（OH）2.

Theoretical prediction of effective elastic constants for new intermetallic compound porous material

Based on microstructure analysis of the new Ti-A1 intermetallic compound porous material, a micromechanics model of heterogeneous Plateau porous structure was established and calculation formulas of elastic constants （including effective elastic modulus, effective shear elastic modulus and effective Poisson ratio） were derived by the energy method for this porous material. Calculation results show that both the effective elastic modulus and effective shear elastic modulus increase with the increase of the relative density while the effective Poisson ratio decreases. Compared with the currently-existing hexagonal honeycomb model and micromechanics model of composite materials, the micromechanics model of heterogeneous Plateau porous structure in this study is more suitable for characterizing the medium-density porous material and more accurate for predicting the effective elastic constants of the medium-density porous material. Moreover, the obtained explicit expressions of the effective elastic constants in term of the relative density rather than the microstructural parameters for the uniform and regular Plateau porous structure are more convenient to engineering application.

Influence of freezing rate on microstructure and electrochemical properties of Mg-2%Ga alloys

Equilibrium freezing curve of Mg-2%Ga （mass fraction） alloy was calculated by CALPHALD method. Microstructures of the melted Mg-2%Ga alloys solidified by iron and copper moulds, respectively, were investigated using OM and SEM. Electrochemical properties of the Mg-2%Ga alloys with different freezing rates were measured by galvanostatic, potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. The results show that solidification by copper mould leads to intergranular MgsGa2 compounds with small size and large number density. Less adsorbent of Mg^＋ and oxide corrosion products occur on the surface of the Mg-2%Ga alloys solidified by copper mould, producing lower corrosion current density of 1.8×10^-5 mA/cm^2. In the galvanostatic tests with 100 mA/cm^2 current density, more negative stable potential of-1.604 V exists in the Mg-2%Ga alloys solidified by iron mould due to the lower freezing rate, which leads to smaller inductive and capacity time constants as well as shorter activity time and better electrochemical activity.

Mechanism of anti-arterial thrombosis of Dahuangzhecong Fang screened by Ti-Al intermetallic compound porous material

The mechanism of antithrombotic of Dahuangzhechong Fang separated and purified by Ti-Al intermetallic compound porous material (TAICPM) was researched. Dahuangzhechong Fang, which was isolated and screened by TAICPM, was used to oral rats. At the end of study, their blood and thrombus were collected. The results show that TAICPM with the pore size of 1-5 μm can screen Dahuangzhechong Fang well. Dahuangzhechong Fang can increase 6-keto-PGF1α, lower content of TXD2 and platelet. Dahuangzhechong Fang has good effect to resist arterial thrombosis.

Multilayered Ti-Al intermetallic sheets fabricated by cold rolling and annealing of titanium and aluminum foils

Multilayered Ti-Al based intermetallic sheets were fabricated by sintering alternately layered titanium and aluminum foils.The microstructure and phase formation of the obtained sheets under different sintering conditions were evaluated by various techniques.The results reveal that when the sintering temperature is above the melting point of aluminum,the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis reaction occurs between Ti and Al,and forms various phases of Ti-based solid solutions including α-Ti Ti3Al,TiAl,TiAl2 and α-Ti including TiAl3,etc.When the sintering time increased,Ti-based solid solution,TiAl2 and TiAl3 disappeared gradually,and the sheet containing Ti3Al and TiAl phases in a multilayered structure formed finally.A lot of voids were also observed in the sintered structures,which were caused by the melting Al,Kirkendall effect and the difference of molar volumes between reactants and products.The voids were eliminated and a dense sample was obtained by the following hot press.

Electroless plating and growth kinetics of Ni-P alloy film on SiC_p/Al composite with high SiC volume fraction

After Sn/Pd activating, the SiCp/Al composite with 65% SiC (volume fraction) was coated by electroless Ni?P alloy plating. Surface morphology of the composite and its effect on the Ni?P alloy depositing process and bonding action of Ni and P atoms in the Ni?P alloy were studied. The results show that inhomogeneous distribution of the Sn/Pd activating points results in preferential deposition of the Ni?P alloy particles on the Al alloy and rough SiC particle surfaces and in the etched caves. The Ni?P alloy film has an amorphous structure where chemical bonding between Ni and P atoms exists. After a continuous Ni?P alloy film formed, electroless Ni?P alloy plating is not affected by surface morphology and characteristics of the SiCp/Al composite any longer, but by the electroless plating process itself. The Ni?P alloy film follows linear growth kinetics with an activation energy of 68.44 kJ/mol.