基于无线测温的真空熔铸炉高温合金液相温场检测

以无线测温技术为基础,分析了感应加热式真空熔铸炉高温合金液相温场检测原理,提出了在高温合金材料精密铸造模型浇注(定向结晶)过程中,采用预埋敷设温度传感器组的液相温场跟踪检测方法,并对其进行了说明。

采用有机硅聚合物包膜硅胶颗粒键合金刚烷基高效液相色谱柱检测舒更葡糖钠有关物质

目的建立一种简单、快速、准确分析舒更葡糖钠有关物质纯度的检测方法。方法针对于舒更葡糖钠及其游离酸合成过程中的副产物或降解杂质,采用有机硅聚合物包膜硅胶颗粒键合金刚烷基高效液相色谱柱(ADME),以0.025 mol/L磷酸二氢钠水溶液(用1.5 mol/L磷酸调节pH至3.0)∶乙腈=83∶20为流动相A,乙腈为流动相B,流速为0.27 mL/min,检测波长为200 nm,柱温为40℃,进样量为2.5μL。结果在该色谱条件下,舒更葡糖钠有关物质分离完全,线性良好,精密度良好,回收率在84.70%~119.99%。结论该方法灵敏度高,准确可靠,安全环保,可用于舒更葡糖钠有关物质纯度检测。

液相渗Si提高TiAl基合金的高温抗氧化性

使用液相Al-Si合金对TiAl基合金进行表面渗Si处理,可明显增强TiAl基合金的高温抗氧化性,经1273 K,100 h的恒温氧化后,不同的表面涂层使合金在40—100 h之间的氧化速率降低了2个数量级,恒温氧化100 h后的最终氧化皮脱落量也减少3个数量级,液相渗Si使TiAl基合金表面高温抗氧化性能得到大幅度改善,其根本原因是Si与TiAl中的元素Ti结合,降低了Ti的活度,相对增强了涂层中元素Al的活度,而且涂层中Al的绝对含量也得到明显提高,这些均抑制了高温氧化过程中TiO_2的生成,涂层最外层形成了致密的Al_2O_3氧化膜。

偏晶合金液-液相变过程模拟

建立了能描述在弥散相液滴形核、扩散长大、碰撞凝并及两液相空间分离等因素共同作用下,偏晶合金液-液相变过程中组织演变过程的数学模型,将计算的温度场和浓度场与控制凝固组织演变的动力学方程相耦合,模拟研究了单向冷却条件下Al-Pb合金液-液相变过程中的组织演变过程。结果表明,随着冷却的进行,液-液相变区不断由试样底部向试样顶部推进,直至贯穿整个试样,由于在凝固过程中弥散相液滴进行Marangoni迁移和Stokes运动,试样中的某些部位会出现液滴贫化、过饱和度增加和多次形核现象。

添加液相合金对Sm_2Co_(17)稀土永磁磁性能的影响

本文介绍了Sm_2(Co.Cu.Fe.Zr)_(17)稀土永磁合金中钐含量对合金磁性能的影响,并研究了液相烧结工艺中不同的液相合金添加量对合金性能的作用。研究结果表明,添加液相合金后容易获得较好而稳定的磁性能。与常规的2:17稀土永磁合金相比,合金的矫顽力iHc和最大磁能积(BH)_(max)分别提高48kA/m和16kJ/m^3左右。采用液相烧结工艺还可以实现人为调节合金成分,因此提高产品的合培率,对批量生产磁体具有很大的经济价值。

液相脱合金法制备PtCo合金低铂催化剂及性能研究

为了提高Pt的利用率,采用液相脱合金法将Pt-Co合金进行脱合金处理,然后对脱合金后的催化剂进行煅烧。采用XRD、EDS、TEM以及CV和LSV对催化剂的结构和电化学性能进行表征和测试。结果显示:液相脱合金可有效去除Pt Co合金表层的非铂金属,经煅烧后可形成以Pt Co合金为核,Pt为壳的核壳型催化剂,催化剂煅烧后的电化学性能明显提高。通过液相脱合金对催化剂进行结构优化,可减少催化剂中非贵金属离子在酸性电解质溶液中的流失及流失金属离子对膜材料的损伤,提高催化剂的稳定性,延长电池整体寿命。

接触反应钎焊中间层材料的选择原则——接触反应共晶液相产生的方向性

以Al/Cu ,Al/Si接触反应偶为例 ,研究了不同基体与反应材料组合下 ,共晶液相的产生及其铺展行为。结果表明 :Al/Cu ,Al/Si接触反应偶中共晶液相的产生具有明显的方向性—优先在Al侧产生 ,这是扩散偶之间的互扩散系数不等所造成的必然结果。而在接触反应钎焊的中间层材料选择过程中 。

原位Al_2O_3颗粒含量对Al-6.8Cu合金组织的影响

制备具有不同原位Al2O3颗粒含量的近液相线铸造Al-6.8Cu合金,在580℃、590℃、600℃和610℃进行二次加热并保温10 min、20 min、40 min和60 min,淬火固定半固态组织。采用光镜观察其组织,利用平均截线法统计其晶粒尺寸,分析不同颗粒含量对近液相线铸造Al-6.8Cu合金半固态组织的影响规律。结果表明,原位Al2O3颗粒对Al-6.8Cu合金的铸态组织没有明显的球化和细化作用,但是在合金的二次加热过程中对合金的晶粒长大行为具有抑制作用,当原位Al2O3颗粒含量达到3.6 wt%时,对晶界已经产生良好的钉扎效果,使合金保持细小均匀的等轴晶组织特征,能够满足后续的半固态成形工艺要求。

铜-钢扩散焊接头钢侧晶间渗透现象的探讨

基于材料物理、相平衡等领域的晶界相转变概念,借助瞬间液相扩散焊手段,以铜与不锈钢异种材料为研究对象,对铜-钢扩散焊接头中合金液相沿钢侧晶界的渗透现象进行初步探讨。结果表明,试验温度范围内,添加单质中间层时,钢侧结合界面均较平直;添加QSn6.5-0.1+Au复合中间层时,钢侧母材存在液相合金的晶间渗透现象,950℃高温时,晶间渗透作用充分且明显,由于近结合界面处Cu原子沿奥氏体晶界进行扩散的同时向晶粒内部扩散,从而近结合界面和远离结合界面处晶间渗透形貌存在差异,晶间残留的白色物质为含有少量Sn的Cu-Au合金。

Effect of bonding parameters on microstructures and properties during TLP bonding of Ni-based super alloy

Ni-based alloy was transient liquid phase bonded using a BNi-2 interlayer. The effect of bonding parameters on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the joints was investigated. With the increase of bonding temperature or time, the number of Ni-rich and Cr-rich borides and the grain size of precipitation zone decrease. Higher bonding temperature or longer bonding time is beneficial to the diffusion of melting point depressant elements （B and Si） from the PZ to the base metal and atomic interdiffusion between the base metal and the joint. The chemical composition and microstructure of the joints bonded at 1170 ℃ for 24 h are comparable to the base metal. The shear test results show that both the room and elevated temperature shear-strengths of the joints increase with increasing bonding time. However, the effect of bonding time on elevated temperature tensile-shear strength is greater than on room temperature tensile-shear strength.

Haemocompatibility of Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb biomedical alloy with surface heparinization using electrostatic self assembly technology

The haemocompatibility of Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb biomedical alloy was studied after surface heparinization. A layer of sol-gel TiO2 films was applied on the alloy samples followed by active treatment in the bio-functionalized solution for introducing the OH- and groups, and then the heparin was immobilized on the active TiO2 films through the electrostatic self assembly technology. It is shown that the heparinized films are mainly composed of anatase and rutile with smooth and dense surface. In vitro blood compatibility was evaluated by haemolysis test, clotting time and platelet adhesion behavior tests. The results show that the haemocompatibility of the alloy could be significantly improved by surface heparinization.

Role of tensile forces in hot tearing formation of cast Al-Si alloy

The instrumented applied rod casting apparatus （ARCA） was developed to investigate the effects of tensile forces in the hot tearing formation of cast AI-Si alloys. The obtained data of tensile forces/temperature was used to identify hot tearing initiation and propagation and the fracture surface of samples was also investigated. The result shows that the applied tensile forces have a complex effect on load onset for the hot tearing initiation and propagation. During the casting solidification, the tensile forces are gradually increased with the increase of solid fraction. Under the action of tensile forces, there will appear hot tearing and crack propagation on the surface of the sample. When the tensile forces exceed the inherent strength of alloys, there will be fractures on the sample. As for the A356 alloy, the critical fracture stress is about 0.1 MPa. The hot tearing surface morphology shows that the remaining intergranular bridge and liquid films are thick enough to allow the formation of dendrite-tip bumps on the fracture surface.

富铈液相合金添加的再生烧结钕铁硼磁体研究

采用废旧的烧结钕铁硼电机磁钢作为研究对象（牌号33H）,研究富铈液相合金添加量对再生烧结钕铁硼磁体的磁性能和微结构的影响。研究结果表明,在相同的烧结温度下,当未添加液相时,再生磁体密度很低;进一步提高烧结温度,磁体密度略有提高,但是磁体容易氧化、甚至开裂。随着液相合金的添加,再生磁体的密度不断提高,磁性能相应地明显改善,这说明液相合金具有明显的助烧结作用。但是当液相合金的添加量超过8%（质量分数）时,再生磁体的矫顽力降低,这可能因为过多的富铈液相添加使磁体中的富稀土相团聚,磁体微观结构变差。当液相合金添加量为5%,烧结温度为1080℃时,再生烧结钕铁硼磁体的磁性能最佳：剩磁Br达到11.67 k Gs,内秉矫顽力Hcj达到18.94 k Oe,磁能积（BH）max为33.1 MGOe。再生磁体的性能与原废旧磁钢相当,甚至略有提高,再生磁体具有优异的退磁曲线方形度（Hk/Hcj=0.972）。

WC-Ni_3Al-B composites prepared through Ni+Al elemental powder route

In order to develop the liquid phase sintering process of WC-Ni3Al-B composites,the preparation process of WC＋Ni3Al prealloyed powder by reaction synthesis of carbonyl Ni,analytical purity Al and coarse WC powders was investigated.DSC and XRD were adopted to study the procedure of phase transformation for the 3Ni＋Al and 70%WC＋（3Ni＋Al） mixed powders in temperature ranges of 550-1200 °C and 25-1400 °C,respectively.The results demonstrate that the formation mechanism of Ni3Al depends on the reaction temperature.Besides WC phase,there exist Ni2Al3,NiAl and Ni3Al intermetallics in the powder mixture after heat treatment at 200-660 °C,while only NiAl and Ni3Al exist at 660-1100 °C.Homogeneous WC＋Ni3Al powder mixture can be obtained in the temperature range of 1100-1200 °C.The WC-30%（Ni3Al-B） composites prepared from the mixed powders by conventional powder metallurgy technology show nearly full density and the shape of WC is round.WC-30%（Ni3Al-B） composites exhibit higher hardness of 9.7 GPa,inferior bending strength of 1800 MPa and similar fracture toughness of 18 MPa-m1/2 compared with commercial cemented carbides YGR45（WC-30%（Co-Ni-Cr））.

Investigation on sintering and deformation strengthening of Mo-Cu alloy

Mo-Swt%Cu nanocomposite powders were fabricated by mechanical alloying, and full density alloy was obtained via liquid-phase sintering and post-treatment process. The microstructure of Mo-8wt%Cu alloy was investigated by scanning elec-tron microscope （SEM） , and the effects of process parameters on relative density, tensile strength and elongation were stud-ied. The results indicate that the relative density of Mo-Cu alloy is 98. 6% after sintering at 1 250℃ for 30 min, and its micro-structure is composite network The full density of Mo-Cu alloy can be obtained when specimens are treated through deforma-tion strengthening process of rotating forging and hydrostatic extrusion The tensile strength and elongation rate are 576 MPa and 5. 8% ,respectively, when hydrostatic extrusion deformation degree is 40%.

Recycling of metals from waste Sn-based alloys by vacuum separation

In order to recycle waste Sn-based alloys, the vapor-liquid phase equilibrium composition diagrams of Sn-Pb, Sn-Sb and Sn-Zn binary systems were calculated. The calculated results indicate that Pb, Sb and Zn can be separated from Sn effectively. Based on the above calculation, the industrial experiments of vacuum distillation of Sn-Pb alloy, Sn-Pb-Sb alloy, Sn-Pb-Sb-As alloy, crude Sn and Sn-Zn alloy with different contents were carried out. The experimental results show that Pb(>99% Pb) and Sn(≤0.003% Pb) were obtained simultaneously while Sn-Pb alloy was subjected to vacuum distillation; the crude Sn(>90% Sn, ≤ 2% Pb, ≤6% Sb) and crude Pb(≤2% Sn) were obtained simultaneously while a single vacuum distillation was carried out for Sn-Pb-Sb alloy; the Pb and Bi contents in the Sn ingot(99.99% Sn) achieve the grade A of GB/T 728—2010 standard, more than 50% of As and Sb was removed after vacuum distillation of crude Sn; Zn(<0.002% Sn) and Sn(about 3% Zn) were obtained while vacuum distillation of Sn-Zn alloy was conducted at 1173 K, 20-30 Pa for 8-10 h.

Numerical simulation for solid- liquid phase change of metal sodium in combined wick

Based on the finite volume method and the enthalpy-porous model the solid-liquid phase change of sodium in the combined wick is numerically studied.The one-temperature model is used since the thermal conductivity of sodium is close to that of the combined wick materials.The non-Darcy law and natural convection in the melting process are taken into account.The results show that a thin metal fiber felt in the combined wick can result in a faster melting rate of the sodium and a shorter time for the molten sodium to reach the maximum velocity which can shorten the time for the high-temperature heat pipe startup.A thick metal fiber felt in the combined wick can result in a uniform temperature distribution in the vertical heating wall and a small wall temperature difference which can reduce the possibility of an overheat spot.

Rapid solidification of Cu_(60)Co_(30)Cr_(10) alloy under different conditions

Metastable liquid phase separation and rapid solidification in a metastable miscibility gap were investigated on the Cu60Co30Cr10 alloy by using the electromagnetic levitation and splat-quenching.It is found that the alloy generally has a microstructure consisting of a（Co,Cr）-rich phase embedded in a Cu-rich matrix,and the morphology and size of the（Co,Cr）-rich phase vary drastically with cooling rate.During the electromagnetic levitation solidification processing the cooling rate is lower,resulting in an obvious coalescence tendency of the（Co,Cr）-rich spheroids.The（Co,Cr）-rich phase shows dendrites and coarse spheroids at lower cooling rates.In the splat quenched samples the（Co,Cr）-rich phase spheres were refined significantly and no dendrites were observed.This is probably due to the higher cooling rate,undercooling and interface tension.

Microstructural characteristics of near-liquidus cast AZ91D alloy during semi-solid die casting

Near-liquidus cast ingot was reheated to semi-solid firstly, and then a bracket of motor was prepared by die casting the semi-solid ingot into mould. The microstructural characteristics of AZ91D alloy in these processes were investigated. In the process of near-liquidus casting, primary α-Mg grains tend to be rosette-like because of the increase of plentiful quasi-solid atom clusters in molten alloy with the decrease of pouring temperature. These rosette-like a-Mg grains in ingots fabricated by near-liquidus casting are fused off and refined into near-globular structure owing to the solute diffusion mechanism and the minimum surface energy mechanism during reheating. After semi-solid die-casting, a-Mg grains, located in biscuit, impact and connect with each other; α-Mg grains, located in inner gate, congregate together; while α-Mg grains, located in component, distribute uniformly and become into globularity or strip. Because the inner gate limits the flowing of semi-solid slurry, and the pressure acted on the semi-solid slurry decreases gradually along the filling direction of semi-solid slurry in Cavity, microstructural segregation of unmelted a-Mg grains appears along this direction. Shrinkage holes in casting are caused by two different reasons. For biscuit, the shrinkage holes are caused by the blocked access of feeding liquid to the shrinkage zone for the agglomerated unmelted α-Mg grains. For component, the shrinkage holes are caused by the lack of feeding of liquid alloy.

Microstructural and mechanical properties assessment of transient liquid phase bonding of CoCuFeMnNi high entropy alloy

The transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding of CoCuFeMnNi high entropy alloy(HEA)was studied.The TLP bonding was performed using AWS BNi-2 interlayer at 1050℃ with the TLP bonding time of 20,60,180 and 240 min.The effect of bonding time on the joint microstructure was characterized by SEM and EDS.Microstructural results confirmed that complete isothermal solidification occurred approximately at 240 min of bonding time.For samples bonded at 20,60 and 180 min,athermal solidification zone was formed in the bonding area which included Cr-rich boride and Mn3Si intermetallic compound.For all samples,theγsolid solution was formed in the isothermal solidification zone of the bonding zone.To evaluate the effect of TLP bonding time on mechanical properties of joints,the shear strength and micro-hardness of joints were measured.The results indicated a decrement of micro-hardness in the bonding zone and an increment of micro-hardness in the adjacent zone of joints.The minimum and maximum values of shear strength were 100 and 180 MPa for joints with the bonding time of 20 and 240 min,respectively.