A new simple loop algebra GM is constructed, which is devoted to establishing an isospectral problem.By making use of generalized Tu scheme, the multi-component SC hierarchy is obtained. Furthermore, an expanding loop...A new simple loop algebra GM is constructed, which is devoted to establishing an isospectral problem.By making use of generalized Tu scheme, the multi-component SC hierarchy is obtained. Furthermore, an expanding loop algebra FM of the loop algebra GM is presented. Based on FM, the multi-component integrable coupling system of the multi-component SC hierarchy of soliton equations is worked out. How to design isospectral problem of mulitcomponent hierarchy of soliton equations is a technique and interesting topic. The method can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations hierarchy.展开更多
Both MnOx and g‐C3N4 have been proved to be active in the catalytic oxidation of NO,and their individual mechanisms for catalytic NO conversion have also been investigated.However,the mechanism of photo‐thermal cata...Both MnOx and g‐C3N4 have been proved to be active in the catalytic oxidation of NO,and their individual mechanisms for catalytic NO conversion have also been investigated.However,the mechanism of photo‐thermal catalysis of the MnOx/g‐C3N4 composite remains unresolved.In this paper,MnOx/g‐C3N4 catalysts with different molar ratios were synthesized by the precipitation approach at room temperature.The as‐prepared catalysts exhibit excellent synergistic photo‐thermal catalytic performance towards the purification of NO in air.The MnOx/g‐C3N4 catalysts contain MnOx with different valence states on the surface of g‐C3N4.The thermal catalytic reaction for NO oxidation on MnOx and the photo‐thermal catalytic reaction on 1:5 MnOx/g‐C3N4 were investigated by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(in situ DRIFTS).The results show that light exerted a weak effect on NO oxidation over MnOx,and it exerted a positive synergistic effect on NO conversion over 1:5 MnOx/g‐C3N4.A synergistic photo‐thermal catalytic cycle of NO oxidation on MnOx/g‐C3N4 is proposed.Specifically,photo‐generated electrons(e?)are transferred to MnOx and participate in the synergistic photo‐thermal reduction cycle(Mn4+→Mn3+→Mn2+).The reverse cycle(Mn2+→Mn3+→Mn4+)can regenerate the active oxygen vacancy sites and inject electrons into the g‐C3N4 hole(h+).The active oxygen(O?)was generated in the redox cycles among manganese species(Mn4+/Mn3+/Mn2+)and could oxidize the intermediates(NOH and N2O2?)to final products(NO2?and NO3?).This paper can provide insightful guidance for the development of better catalysts for NOx purification.展开更多
The Doppler-limited absorption spectra of ^14N and ^15N atoms were measured around 800 nm using concentration modulation spectroscopy to study their isotope shifts. The nitrogen atoms were generated by discharging mol...The Doppler-limited absorption spectra of ^14N and ^15N atoms were measured around 800 nm using concentration modulation spectroscopy to study their isotope shifts. The nitrogen atoms were generated by discharging molecular nitrogen buffered with helium in a homemade discharge tube. The isotope shifts of four multiplets （3s^4PJ→3p^4D^oJ, 3s^4PJ→3p^4P^oJ, 3s^2DJ→5s^2P^oJ, and 3p^2P^oJ→5s^2D^oJ） were measured and their J-dependent specific mass shifts were observed and discussed.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the reproducibility of a modified 13^C breath test-based measurement of solid phase gastric emptying （GE） within the frames of a simple-repeated measure study protocol. METHODS： Twelve healthy sub...AIM： To evaluate the reproducibility of a modified 13^C breath test-based measurement of solid phase gastric emptying （GE） within the frames of a simple-repeated measure study protocol. METHODS： Twelve healthy subjects （6 females and 6 males, mean age 24.9＋0.7 years） were recruited to undergo three identical GE examinations. In six subjects the first two examinations were performed 2 d apart, and the third session was carried out at a median interval of 19.5 d （range 18 - 20 d） from the second one. In another six subjects the first two measurements were taken 20 d apart （median, range： 17-23 d）, whereas the third session took place 2 d after the second one. Probes of expiratory air collected before and during six hours after intake of a solid meal （378 kcal） labelled with 75 μL （68 mg） 13^C-octanoic acid, were measured for 13^CO2 enrichment with the nondispersive isotopeselective infrared spectrometry NDIRS apparatus. RESULTS： Taking coefficients of variation for paired examinations into account, the short-term reproducibility of the GE measurement was slightly but not significantly better than the medium-term one： 7.7% and 11.2% for the lag phase （T-Lag）, 7.3% and 10.9% for the gastric half emptying time （T1/2）. The least differences in GE parameters detectable at P= 0.05 level in the 12 paired examinations were 9.6 and 15.6 min for T-Lag, 11.6 and 19.7 min for T1/2 by a two-day or two to three-week time gap, respectively CONCLUSION： The low-cost modification of the breath test involving a lower dose of 13^C-octanoic acid and NDIRS, renders good short- and medium-term reproducibility, as well as sensitivity of the measurement of gastric emptying of solids.展开更多
The design of a lead slowing down spectrometer is being developed at KAERI （Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute） for an analysis of isotopic fissile content in spent and recycled fuel. The lead spectrometer has a...The design of a lead slowing down spectrometer is being developed at KAERI （Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute） for an analysis of isotopic fissile content in spent and recycled fuel. The lead spectrometer has an advantage to assay fissile content directly from spent fuel. Accurate fissile material data must be fed back to the spent fuel design and management. For reutilization of PWR spent fuel, an isotopic fissile content analysis is required to obtain safety and economics in the fuel cycle. The LSDS （lead slowing down spectrometer） uses the different fission signatures of each fissile with respect to the interrogation neutron energy. Several simulations were done and parameter was obtained for the system working. Energy between 1 keV to 0.1 eV is very sensitive to isotopic fissile material fission with good energy resolution. An external source neutron is necessary to induce enough fissile fission. A neutron production methodology is being developed for cost effectiveness, easy maintenance and high neutron yield rate. The threshold fission detector screens the prompt fast fission neutrons from an intense radiation background. The detection of a fission signature has a direct relationship with the isotopic fissile content.展开更多
Laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra of NiO have been recorded in the wavelength region of 510-650 nm under supersonic molecular beam conditions. More than fifty bands have been observed and rotationally anal...Laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra of NiO have been recorded in the wavelength region of 510-650 nm under supersonic molecular beam conditions. More than fifty bands have been observed and rotationally analyzed to determine the molecular constants. The excited states exhibit highly irregular variations in terms of isotopic shifts, vibrational intervals, and rotational constants. Twenty-six bands attributed to [Ω=0, 1]-X3∑o transitions have been tentatively grouped into five vibrational progressions. Furthermore, dispersed fluorescence and lifetimes of the strong bands have also been measured.展开更多
Laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra of jet-cooled NiC1 molecules were recorded in the energy range of 12900-15000 cm-1. Six vibronic bands with rotational structure have been observed and assigned to the [13...Laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra of jet-cooled NiC1 molecules were recorded in the energy range of 12900-15000 cm-1. Six vibronic bands with rotational structure have been observed and assigned to the [13.0]2II3/2（v＇=0-5）-X2II3/2（v＂=0） transition progression. The relevant rotational constants, significant isotopic shifts, and （equilibrium） molecular parameters have been determined. In addition, the lifetimes of the observed bands have also been measured.展开更多
Non-dispersive infrared （NDIR） and cavity ring-down spectroscopy （CRDS） CO2 analyzers use 12CO2 isotopologue absorption lines and are insensitive to all or part of other CO2-related isotopologues. This may produce...Non-dispersive infrared （NDIR） and cavity ring-down spectroscopy （CRDS） CO2 analyzers use 12CO2 isotopologue absorption lines and are insensitive to all or part of other CO2-related isotopologues. This may produce biases in CO2 mole fraction measurements of a sample if its carbon isotopic composition deviates from that of the standard gases being used. To evaluate and compare the effects of carbon isotopic composition on NDIR and CRDS CO2 analyzers, we prepared three test sample air cylinders with varying carbon isotopic abundances and calibrated them against five standard cylinders with ambient carbon isotopic composition using CRDS and NDIR systems. We found that the CO2 mole fractions of the sample cylinders measured by G1301 （CRDS） were in good agreement with those measured by LoFlo （NDIR）. The CO2 values measured by both instruments were higher than that of a CO2 isotope measured by G2201i （CRDS） analyzer for a test cylinder with depleted carbon isotopic composition δ^13C =-36.828%0, whereas no obvious difference was found for other two test cylinders with 3 δ^13C=-8.630‰ and δ^13C=-15.380‰, respectively. According to the theoretical and experimental results, we concluded that the total CO2 mole fractions of samples with depleted isotopic compositions can be corrected on the basis of their 12CO2 values calibrated by standard gases using LoFlo and G1301 if the fi13C and fi180 values are known. Keywords NDIR and CRDS analyzers, Carbon isotopic effects, CO2 measurements展开更多
文摘A new simple loop algebra GM is constructed, which is devoted to establishing an isospectral problem.By making use of generalized Tu scheme, the multi-component SC hierarchy is obtained. Furthermore, an expanding loop algebra FM of the loop algebra GM is presented. Based on FM, the multi-component integrable coupling system of the multi-component SC hierarchy of soliton equations is worked out. How to design isospectral problem of mulitcomponent hierarchy of soliton equations is a technique and interesting topic. The method can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations hierarchy.
文摘Both MnOx and g‐C3N4 have been proved to be active in the catalytic oxidation of NO,and their individual mechanisms for catalytic NO conversion have also been investigated.However,the mechanism of photo‐thermal catalysis of the MnOx/g‐C3N4 composite remains unresolved.In this paper,MnOx/g‐C3N4 catalysts with different molar ratios were synthesized by the precipitation approach at room temperature.The as‐prepared catalysts exhibit excellent synergistic photo‐thermal catalytic performance towards the purification of NO in air.The MnOx/g‐C3N4 catalysts contain MnOx with different valence states on the surface of g‐C3N4.The thermal catalytic reaction for NO oxidation on MnOx and the photo‐thermal catalytic reaction on 1:5 MnOx/g‐C3N4 were investigated by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(in situ DRIFTS).The results show that light exerted a weak effect on NO oxidation over MnOx,and it exerted a positive synergistic effect on NO conversion over 1:5 MnOx/g‐C3N4.A synergistic photo‐thermal catalytic cycle of NO oxidation on MnOx/g‐C3N4 is proposed.Specifically,photo‐generated electrons(e?)are transferred to MnOx and participate in the synergistic photo‐thermal reduction cycle(Mn4+→Mn3+→Mn2+).The reverse cycle(Mn2+→Mn3+→Mn4+)can regenerate the active oxygen vacancy sites and inject electrons into the g‐C3N4 hole(h+).The active oxygen(O?)was generated in the redox cycles among manganese species(Mn4+/Mn3+/Mn2+)and could oxidize the intermediates(NOH and N2O2?)to final products(NO2?and NO3?).This paper can provide insightful guidance for the development of better catalysts for NOx purification.
文摘The Doppler-limited absorption spectra of ^14N and ^15N atoms were measured around 800 nm using concentration modulation spectroscopy to study their isotope shifts. The nitrogen atoms were generated by discharging molecular nitrogen buffered with helium in a homemade discharge tube. The isotope shifts of four multiplets （3s^4PJ→3p^4D^oJ, 3s^4PJ→3p^4P^oJ, 3s^2DJ→5s^2P^oJ, and 3p^2P^oJ→5s^2D^oJ） were measured and their J-dependent specific mass shifts were observed and discussed.
基金Supported by a research grant(3 P05D 054 24)from the Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technology(formerly:State Committee For Scientific Research)of the Republic of Poland-contract #0617/P05/2003/24
文摘AIM： To evaluate the reproducibility of a modified 13^C breath test-based measurement of solid phase gastric emptying （GE） within the frames of a simple-repeated measure study protocol. METHODS： Twelve healthy subjects （6 females and 6 males, mean age 24.9＋0.7 years） were recruited to undergo three identical GE examinations. In six subjects the first two examinations were performed 2 d apart, and the third session was carried out at a median interval of 19.5 d （range 18 - 20 d） from the second one. In another six subjects the first two measurements were taken 20 d apart （median, range： 17-23 d）, whereas the third session took place 2 d after the second one. Probes of expiratory air collected before and during six hours after intake of a solid meal （378 kcal） labelled with 75 μL （68 mg） 13^C-octanoic acid, were measured for 13^CO2 enrichment with the nondispersive isotopeselective infrared spectrometry NDIRS apparatus. RESULTS： Taking coefficients of variation for paired examinations into account, the short-term reproducibility of the GE measurement was slightly but not significantly better than the medium-term one： 7.7% and 11.2% for the lag phase （T-Lag）, 7.3% and 10.9% for the gastric half emptying time （T1/2）. The least differences in GE parameters detectable at P= 0.05 level in the 12 paired examinations were 9.6 and 15.6 min for T-Lag, 11.6 and 19.7 min for T1/2 by a two-day or two to three-week time gap, respectively CONCLUSION： The low-cost modification of the breath test involving a lower dose of 13^C-octanoic acid and NDIRS, renders good short- and medium-term reproducibility, as well as sensitivity of the measurement of gastric emptying of solids.
文摘The design of a lead slowing down spectrometer is being developed at KAERI （Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute） for an analysis of isotopic fissile content in spent and recycled fuel. The lead spectrometer has an advantage to assay fissile content directly from spent fuel. Accurate fissile material data must be fed back to the spent fuel design and management. For reutilization of PWR spent fuel, an isotopic fissile content analysis is required to obtain safety and economics in the fuel cycle. The LSDS （lead slowing down spectrometer） uses the different fission signatures of each fissile with respect to the interrogation neutron energy. Several simulations were done and parameter was obtained for the system working. Energy between 1 keV to 0.1 eV is very sensitive to isotopic fissile material fission with good energy resolution. An external source neutron is necessary to induce enough fissile fission. A neutron production methodology is being developed for cost effectiveness, easy maintenance and high neutron yield rate. The threshold fission detector screens the prompt fast fission neutrons from an intense radiation background. The detection of a fission signature has a direct relationship with the isotopic fissile content.
文摘Laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra of NiO have been recorded in the wavelength region of 510-650 nm under supersonic molecular beam conditions. More than fifty bands have been observed and rotationally analyzed to determine the molecular constants. The excited states exhibit highly irregular variations in terms of isotopic shifts, vibrational intervals, and rotational constants. Twenty-six bands attributed to [Ω=0, 1]-X3∑o transitions have been tentatively grouped into five vibrational progressions. Furthermore, dispersed fluorescence and lifetimes of the strong bands have also been measured.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.21273212, No.20873133, and No.21173205）, the National Key Basic Research Program of China （No.2010CB923302）, the Chinese Academy of Sciences （No.KJCX2-YW-N24）, the FRFCUC （No.WK2340000012）, and the USTC-NSRL Joint Funds （No.KY2340000021）.
文摘Laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra of jet-cooled NiC1 molecules were recorded in the energy range of 12900-15000 cm-1. Six vibronic bands with rotational structure have been observed and assigned to the [13.0]2II3/2（v＇=0-5）-X2II3/2（v＂=0） transition progression. The relevant rotational constants, significant isotopic shifts, and （equilibrium） molecular parameters have been determined. In addition, the lifetimes of the observed bands have also been measured.
基金supported by the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(Grant Nos.2015DFG21960&2011DFA21090)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40905066,41175116,41273097,41505108&41505123)+2 种基金the CMA Climate Change Program(Grant No.CCSF201331),the CMA Operational Fund(Grant No.CMAGJ2013M73)the Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Universities in Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYLX_0834)the CAMS Fundamental Research Funds(Grant Nos.2014Y005,2015Y002&2014Z004)
文摘Non-dispersive infrared （NDIR） and cavity ring-down spectroscopy （CRDS） CO2 analyzers use 12CO2 isotopologue absorption lines and are insensitive to all or part of other CO2-related isotopologues. This may produce biases in CO2 mole fraction measurements of a sample if its carbon isotopic composition deviates from that of the standard gases being used. To evaluate and compare the effects of carbon isotopic composition on NDIR and CRDS CO2 analyzers, we prepared three test sample air cylinders with varying carbon isotopic abundances and calibrated them against five standard cylinders with ambient carbon isotopic composition using CRDS and NDIR systems. We found that the CO2 mole fractions of the sample cylinders measured by G1301 （CRDS） were in good agreement with those measured by LoFlo （NDIR）. The CO2 values measured by both instruments were higher than that of a CO2 isotope measured by G2201i （CRDS） analyzer for a test cylinder with depleted carbon isotopic composition δ^13C =-36.828%0, whereas no obvious difference was found for other two test cylinders with 3 δ^13C=-8.630‰ and δ^13C=-15.380‰, respectively. According to the theoretical and experimental results, we concluded that the total CO2 mole fractions of samples with depleted isotopic compositions can be corrected on the basis of their 12CO2 values calibrated by standard gases using LoFlo and G1301 if the fi13C and fi180 values are known. Keywords NDIR and CRDS analyzers, Carbon isotopic effects, CO2 measurements
