水稻氨基酸态氮营养效应及其机理研究

在１５Ｎ无菌水培试验条件下对水稻氨基酸态氮和铵态氮的营养效应及其氮营养贡献；氨基酸态氮的同化机理等问题作了比较研究。结果表明，等氮量（１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）无菌水培５１天后，甘氨酸态氮（Ｇｌｙ－Ｎ）单施或与硫酸铵态氮（ＮＨ＋－Ｎ）配施处理的干物重、吸氮量均大于硫酸铵态氮单施处理。Ｇｌｙ－Ｎ对水稻于物重及吸氮量的促进作用大于ＮＨ４＋－Ｎ。Ｇｌｙ－Ｎ与ＮＨ４＋－Ｎ配施条件下，以吸氮总量为基础计算的Ｇｌｙ－Ｎ氮营养贡献率可达５５·６６％。采用Ｇｌｙ－Ｎ培养的籼、粳稻整株谷草转氨酶ＧＯＴ、谷雨转氨酶ＧＰＴ及谷氨酸脱氢酶ＧＤＨ活性均大于ＮＨ＋４－Ｎ，且根中ＧＯＴ和ＧＰＴ活性、叶中ＧＤＨ活性明显高于相同部位ＮＨ４＋－Ｎ培养的水稻。水稻ＧＯＴ、ＧＰＴ及ＧＤＨ活性受对应底物谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）营养的促进。

Perfecting HER catalysts via defects:Recent advances and perspectives

Defect engineering has become a promising approach to improve the performance of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysts.Non-noble transition metal-based catalysts(TMCs)have shown significant promise as effective alternatives to traditional platinum-group catalysts,attracting considerable attention.However,the industrial application of TMCs in electrocatalytic hydrogen production necessitates further optimization to boost both catalytic activity and stability.This review comprehensively examines the types,fabrication methods,and characterization techniques of various defects that enhance catalytic HER activity.Key advancements include optimizing defect concentration and distribution,coupling heteroatoms with vacancies,and leveraging the synergy between bond lengths and defects.In-depth discussions highlight the electronic structure and catalytic mechanisms elucidated through in-situ characterization and density functional theory calculations.Additionally,future directions are identified,exploring novel defect types,emphasizing precision synthesis methods,industrial-scale preparation techniques,and strategies to enhance structural stability and understanding the in-depth catalytic mechanism.This review aims to inspire further research and development in defect-engineered HER catalysts,providing pathways for high efficiency and cost-effectiveness in hydrogen production.

Transformation of carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals over bifunctional metallosalen catalysts bearing quaternary phosphonium salts

The chemical transformation of CO2under mild conditions remains a great challenge because of itsexceptional kinetic and thermodynamic stability.Two important reactions in the transformation ofCO2are the N‐formylation reaction of amines using hydrosilanes and CO2,and the cycloaddition ofCO2to epoxides.Here,we report the high efficiency of bifunctional metallosalen complexes bearingquaternary phosphonium salts in catalyzing both of these reactions under solvent‐free,mild conditionswithout the need for co‐catalysts.The catalysts’bifunctionality is attributed to an intramolecularcooperative process between the metal center and the halogen anion.Depending on the reaction,this activates CO2by permitting either the synergistic activation of Si–H bond via metal–hydrogen coordinative bond(M–H)or the dual activation of epoxide via metal–oxygen coordinativebond(M–O).The one‐component catalysts are also shown to be easily recovered and reusedfive times without significant loss of activity or selectivity.The current results are combined withprevious work in the area to propose the relevant reaction mechanisms.

A review on evapotranspiration data assimilation based on hydrological models

Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration(ET),especially at the regional scale,is an extensively investigated topic in the field of water science. The ability to obtain a continuous time series of highly precise ET values is necessary for improving our knowledge of fundamental hydrological processes and for addressing various problems regarding the use of water. This objective can be achieved by means of ET data assimilation based on hydrological modeling. In this paper,a comprehensive review of ET data assimilation based on hydrological modeling is provided. The difficulties and bottlenecks of using ET,being a non-state variable,to construct data assimilation relationships are elaborated upon,with a discussion and analysis of the feasibility of assimilating ET into various hydrological models. Based on this,a new easy-to-operate ET assimilation scheme that includes a water circulation physical mechanism is proposed. The scheme was developed with an improved data assimilation system that uses a distributed time-variant gain model(DTVGM),and the ET-soil humidity nonlinear time response relationship of this model. Moreover,the ET mechanism in the DTVGM was improved to perfect the ET data assimilation system. The new scheme may provide the best spatial and temporal characteristics for hydrological states,and may be referenced for accurate estimation of regional evapotranspiration.

Advanced 3D nanohybrid foam based on graphene oxide: Facile fabrication strategy, interfacial synergetic mechanism, and excellent photocatalytic performance

Herein,a unique nanohybrid foam was fabricated with titanium dioxide(TiO2)-carbon quantum dots(CQDs)nanoparticles intercalated between graphene oxide(GO)layers via a facile and low-cost solvothermal method.Compared with pure GO foam,the fabricated GO-TiO2-CQDs foam displayed high degradation rate towards methyl orange(MO),methylene blue(MB),and rhodamine B(Rh B),respectively,under the Xenon lamp irradiation.The composite foam can be used for several times and remain a high degradation rate without structural damage.The photochemical property was attributed to the 3D porous structure of GOTiO2-CQDs foam,in which ultrafine hydrogenated TiO2-CQDs nanoparticles were densely anchored on the GO sheets.This paper provides an efficient strategy to tune the charge transport and thus enhance the photocatalytic performance by combining the semi-conductive GO and quantum dots.