同处共学于书院:梁漱溟乡村建设实验中的团体生活模式

1930年代,梁漱溟先生在邹平的乡村建设实验中建立了名为乡学、村学的社会组织,被称作“新乡约”。不过,乡约一说并没有突出乡学、村学的学校属性。梁先生志在把宋明讲学之风与社会改造合二为一,而宋明儒学以万物一体、变化气质为精神,开辟出同处共学的朋友关系,朋友相聚于讲会,讲会壮大而成书院。无论是乡村建设研究院,还是乡学、村学,它们都以同处共学的书院为原型,并联合构成一个学习共同体。与乡约“拟家”的类比模式相比,书院重组地方社会后,在亲属、地缘关系之外加入朋友关系,甚至以友伦来统摄其他伦理,促生了一种新型的团体生活。那么,何以为家,也许正如梁先生所言,“朋友聚处即是我的家”。

找找不同处

这次考考大家眼力如何、下面两幅图中有六处不同，请你在十分钟内找出来。看谁的速度快。

我与老人同处的尴尬

真希望婆婆能多体谅我,从内心把我当作是她的女儿。而目前,我和婆婆的矛盾还在升温,关系越来越糟。我甚至有时很害怕回到家里,这样的日子我不知道还要持续多久。

书院生活中的“伙伴林学习”

江苏省常州市武进区采菱小学依据书院“同处共学”理念,提出“伙伴林学习”,旨在通过课堂改革,形成师生和谐相处、灵动发展、共生共长的课堂教学新生态,为教育高质量发展探索有效路径。学校基于儿童立场,关照书院文化,构建“伙伴林学习”;优化组织形式,实现多元协商,实施“伙伴林学习”。

民用飞机项目研发团队组织形式及协同办公研究

民用飞机产品本身及项目研发流程的复杂性导致研发团队间沟通变得更加复杂。因此,高效地管理研发团队和产品、流程之间的复杂关系对于民机研制项目至关重要。本文对当今民用飞机项目研发团队组织形式进行了阐述,对IPT团队人员配置给出了建议,并指出了提高IPT团队协同工作效率的办公模式。

Effects of Different Treatments on Seed Germination of Gagea nigra

According to different mechanisms of dormancy,seeds of Gagea nigra L.Z.Shue were treated with different methods so as to investigate the effects of different treatments on seed germination of G.nigra.The results showed that at 4 ℃,the seeds of G.nigra began to germinate on day 32 with germination period of 80 d and germination rate of 72%;room temperature（25 ℃） and acid and alkali treatments were all unsuitable for the germination of G.nigra seeds;no significant differences were found in germination rate of G.nigra seeds among warm water（50℃）,ultrasound and 200 mg/L GA_3treatments（P 0.05）;seed coat-removing treatment effectively promoted the germination of G.nigra seeds（P =0.002 0.01） with germination rate of 88%;seed coat piercing ＋ 200 mg/L GA_3 and 500 mg/L GA_3＋15% H_2O_2 treatments effectively promoted the germination of G.nigra seeds with germination rates of 84% and 82%,respectively（P0.05）;the germination vigor of G.nigra seeds in the seed coat piercing ＋ 200 mg/L GA_3 treatment was highest,and it was significantly higher than those in the other treatments.

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Biological Activity of Reclaimed Soil

As per randomized block design, the research had different fertilizer treatments, and the organic matter, respiration, enzyme activity and microbial carbon and nitrogen in reclaimed soil were studied. Fertilization schemes were as follows： The treatment without fertilizers（CK）, the treatment with chemical fertilizers（C）, the treatment with chemical fertilizers and bacterial fertilizer（CB）, the treatment with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizers（CM）, and the treatment with chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer（CMB）. The results showed： Four fertilization treatments could improve the content of soil organic matter. CMB, CM and CB could significantly improve the soil respiration. Organic fertilizer and fertilizer could significantly improve soil enzyme activity, In different growth stages the CMB treatment had highest urease and phosphatase.The most significant in the treatment content of sucrose was CM. Organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer can significantly improve the microbial carbon and nitrogen in soil. For the microbial biomass carbon, the CMB treatment increased by 11%-34% than CB treatment, and 35%-63% than C treatment. In terms of microbial nitrogen CMB, CM respectively increased by 31%-51% than CB treatment, and 52%-100% compared with C. In the process of land reclamation, we should combine the organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. Only in this way can soil biological activity be accelerated, soil microbial environment improved, and the ripening increased soil nutrient and soil cultivation be enhanced.

中国古代小说批评的审美把握

中国古代的小说批评蕴含着丰富的美学思想。评点是其独特的审美批评形式,它把阅读、欣赏和评论这三者联系在一起。古代小说批评不仅为小说艺术正了名,而且还探讨了小说艺术的一些深层次的特征。批评家认为,中国古代小说在情感性、通俗性与故事性等方面具有显著的审美特征。他们还认为社会生活是第一性的,小说是第二性的,小说是生活的艺术升华;小说必须塑造具有一定典型意义的人物性格;小说的艺术魅力就在于“触性性通,导情情出。”

浅谈课堂提问

课堂提问是教学的常用手段,课堂中要把握好提问的时机,讲究提问的方法,尤其要教会学生自我提问,以促进其自主学习能力的形成。

我的雅舍

我一直想为我住的地方写篇文章,但因找不着相应的题目而罢笔。为文而不会取题,足以见我的愚笨了。我逛书店,忽见梁实秋先生的《雅舍小品》,便有了《我的雅舍》的为文冲动。一是我的雅舍与梁先生的雅舍有类同处,二是这"雅舍"是"我的",便知趣地与梁先生的雅舍划了一条线,表明我没有与先贤攀比的妄动。我先后工作了十多个地方。我的雅舍也有十多处。我这里记述的,是我初出茅庐到一所小学任教时住的第一间单身宿舍。雅舍总共有9平方米。

下周将试2437点支撑

阮华先生是我同处一城的老朋友,却很少面晤,也没有就股市的见解交换意见;但是,在股市主趋势的判断上,往往所见略同。甚至在某些次级波动的预测上也不谋而合。我想,出现此种情况并非偶合,而是在股市规律的框定下得出未经商榷的近似结论。阮先生多姿的文采、敏锐而开阔的眼光。

Comparison Experiment of Root Cutting to Castanopsis tibetana Hance between Different Provenances at Seedling Stage

Castanopsis tibetana of five different provenances （Jinxiu, Longsheng, Ziyuan, Hezhou and Leye） were selected as experimental materials to investigate the effects of treatments combining different root lengths and contents of rooting agent on the growth of C. tibetana after transplanting of seedlings. The results showed that, there were significant differences in the preserving rate of C. tibetana seedlings between different provenances and different treatments. Among the 5 treatments, the seedlings of Hezhou provenance showed the maximum annual increment of ground diameter, and the seedlings of Ziyuan provenance exhibited the maximum annual increment of seedling height. Therefore, the germplasm from Hezhou provenance might be better than those from other provenances.

Effects on the population dynamics of Brachionus rubens(Rotifera)caused by mercury and cadmium administered through medium and algal food Chlorella vulgaris

Due to industrial activities,heavy metal concentrations in aquatic systems of Mexico,are on the rise.Zooplankton,particularly rotifers,being sensitive and common components of freshwater,are widely used in ecotoxicological tests for establishing water quality criteria.Depending on the route of exposure(i.e.via medium or algal food),the toxicity of heavy metals varies.In the present study we evaluated the effect of cadmium and mercury exposed through medium and via algal food for the rotifer B.rubens.For both the heavy metals,we exposed rotifers via medium containing Chlorella at 0.5×10^(6)cells/ml or fed daily on previously exposed(1,2 and 4 h)alga to the toxicants(using 5 times the value of LC_(50)for B.rubens).For cadmium toxicity through medium,we used 3 toxicant levels(0.1,0.2 and 0.4 mg/L)and for mercury,we used 0.005,0.010 and 0.015 mg/L.Based on the LC_(50),B.rubens was 24 times more sensitive to mercury(0.035±0.002 mg/L)than cadmium.At a concentration of 0.4 mg/L,cadmium through the medium caused increased lag phase of B.rubens.When grown on Chlorella exposed for different durations to cadmium,the rotifer density decreased with the increasing duration of algal exposure to the heavy metal.When mercury was used in the medium or via algal food,the trends in the population growth of B.rubens were similar to those for cadmium.An increase in heavy metal concentration in the medium resulted in a decrease of the rate of population increase per day(r).The r varied from 0.33(in control)to 0.02 d^(-1)(in heavy metal treatment)depending on the mode of exposure though medium or via algal food.

Processing of 8-Channel Synchronous Electro-Cardiograph

A real time algorithm is presented here to recognize and analyze 8 channel simultaneous electro cardiograph(ECG). The algorithm transforms 8 channel simultaneous ECG into three orthogonal vectors and spatial velocity first, then forms the spatial velocity sample, and uses this spatial velocity sample to recognize each beat. The algorithm computes the averaged parameters by using averaged spatial velocity and the averaged ECG and the current parameters by using the current beat period and current width of QRS. The algorithm can recognize P, QRS and T onsets and ends of simultaneous 12 lead ECG precisely, and some arrhythmias such as premature ventricular beat, ventricular escape beat, R on T, bigeminy, trigeminy. The algorithm software works well on a real 8 channel ECG system and meets the demands of designing.

A Novel Operation Policy for Dilute Component Separation-Quasi-batch Distillation

A new operation policy--quasi-batch distillation for recovering infinitesimal amounts species existing in a mixture is presented. In quasi-batch distillation operation, feed is introduced with a constant flow rate onto the feed stage of the column, and the flow rate of the distillate is the same as that of the feed, whereas the bottom product is withdrawn periodically. The behavior of quasi-batch distillation is simulated and analyzed through an example on heavy water separation. Comparing with continuous or batch distillation, the new operation policy is more reliable and efficient to achieve higher recovery of dilute component. This is especially suitable for separating small amount of precious species from large amount of raw material.

Application of fuzzy logic in weighted information of fusion fingerprints and palm prints

It is a developing job to distinguish identifications with information fusion of fingerprints and palm prints. It is also a very effective way to resolve the problem of low identification rate and low stability of single biology characteristic identification. Based on the theory of fuzzy logic theory, we bring out the method of obfuscating weigh coefficient and reliability to fuse the information of fingerprints and palm prints to realize high identification rate. The experiment proves the feasibility and effectiveness of this method and the identification rate can be more than 90%, which contributes useful experience to the research of identification using biology characteristics.

Identification of nitrogen-polyaromatic compounds in asphaltene from co-processing of coal and petroleum residue using chromatography with mass spectrometry

Abstract Asphaltene, from co-processing of coal and petroleum residues is one of the most precious and complex molecular mixtures existing, with tremendous economic relevance. Asphaltene was separated by Soxhlet extraction with methylbenzene and then divided into three parts by distillation. Gas chromatography （GC） and high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） were coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （Q-TOF MS） to separate and characterize organic nitrogen species in the distillates of asphaltene at molecular level. Molecular mass of compounds was mainly distributed from 150 to 600 ~t. Number of rings plus double bonds （rdb） and synchronous fluorescence spectra indicated that most of the organonitrogen compounds （NPAC） contained heterocyclic aromatic rings, including pyridines, anilines, quinolins, pyrroles, carbazoles and indoles plus various alkyl groups. Constant-wavelength synchronous fluo- rescence spectrometry （CWSFS） indicated NPAC with 2-3 rings were the main structures of organonitrogen compounds and the corresponding structural information was proposed. Some organic nitrogen isomers were separated and identified by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization （APCI） GC-Q-TOF MS and electrospray ionization （ESI） HPLC-Q-TOF MS. The methodology applied here contained chromatographic injection of the diluted sample using conventional columns sets and Data Analysis 4.2 software. Identifying molecular structures provides a foundation to understand all aspects of coal- derived asphaltene, enabling a first-principles approach to optimize resource utilization.

Effect of Commercial Cellulase Enzymes on Ethanol Production from Pretreated Rice Straw at High Solid Loading

Effect of commercial cellulose enzymes was investigated by batch enzymatic hydrolysis at 15.0% （w/v） solid. It was found that the best commercial cellulose enzyme was Cellic（R） CTec comparing to Accellerase 1000TM and Accelerase 1500TM. The Cellic（R） CTec gave the highest reducing sugar concentration and rice straw conversion. Moreover, when the hydrolysate obtained from hydrolysis using Cellic（R） CTec was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5596, it would give the highest ethanol. In this study, the Cellic（R） CTec was used for fed-batch prehydrolysis prior to ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF） way at 20% （w/v） solid loading. It could produce 35.76 g/L or 4.6% （v/v） of ethanol concentration and 83.67 L/ton dry matter （DM） of yield.

The Use of Cognate Words and Interlingual Homographs to Investigate the Cross-Linguistics in Second Language Processing in Iran

Various investigations have shown that the native language impacts foreign word recognition and this influence is adapted by the dexterity in the normative language. Cognates, words which area like beyond two or additional languages in some fields signify an attention-grabbing, illuminating, and crucial facet of foreign or second language learning and research. Forty-five （males and females） participants have been randomly chosen and participated in the experiment in Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran, in 2014-2015 school year. The participants＇ age was between from 18 to 28, with a mean age of 21.5 years. The materials were divided into two groups which include 30 true cognates and 30 false cognates words from 300 words by doing CVR （content validity ratio） and CVI （content validity index） （Lawshe＇s table with index of 88% and 82% respectively） for being reliable and valid. These words have been taught to them, after a week, a test has been prepared about those words. According to the results of T-test for comparing the average marks of learning in every two groups can be said that there is a meaningful difference between the scores. The results show that the students learned true cognate words better than the false cognate words. The results of this investigation conjointly make sure the expectations that cognate-based instruction can absolutely impact in second language acquisition.

Region Pair Grey Difference Classifier for Face Detection

A new kind of region pair grey difference classifier was proposed. The regions in pairs associated to form a feature were not necessarily directly-connected, but were selected dedicatedly to the grey transition between regions coinciding with the face pattern structure. Fifteen brighter and darker region pairs were chosen to form the region pair grey difference features with high discriminant capabilities. Instead of using both false acceptance rate and false rejection rate, the mutual information was used as a unified metric for evaluating the classifying performance. The parameters of specified positions, areas and grey difference bias for each single region pair feature were selected by an optimization processing aiming at maximizing the mutual information between the region pair feature and classifying distribution, respectively. An additional region-based feature depicting the correlation between global region grey intensity patterns was also proposed. Compared with the result of Viola-like approach using over 2 000 features, the proposed approach can achieve similar error rates with only 16 features and 1/6 implementation time on controlled illumination images.