清初江西三大学派歧同述略

清初江西三大学派歧同述略□胡迎建明清之际，思想界多对明中叶盛行的心学持批判态度。继而兴起的是实学思潮，以顾炎武为代表，提出“经世致用”说。另一种思潮则是企图中兴理学，以挽救世道人心。这时期，江西亦出现三大学派，称为“江右三山”，即宁都易堂九子、南丰程...

礼乐作为人文制度,并由此标示古典与今典(上)

该文系一篇关于礼乐问题的历史文化研究学术文论，提交[现代社会的礼乐重建]学术研讨会（该会由中央音乐学院与台湾佛光大学南华管理学院主办，于一九九六年九月六日至七日在北京召开）。该文认为，礼乐由处理办法、思想构架、观念方式、意识形态、人文制度，逐渐衍变而来。作为背景，需正视未来“文明冲突”的态势，针对“后冷战”雏形的局面，在历史断层与文化转型频繁出现的转折点，对跨世纪作出新的历史人文承诺。出于对“当代”问题的关注，需要重视一系列形态的转换──历史→当下；古典→个典；正史→稗史；书面文本→口头文本；思想史→学术史；等等。由此引发“问题意识”丛生，并须及时策略。以古典之见，礼者，已由关涉行为者而聚合成规矩之则；乐者，已由关涉音声者而泛化为协调之义。故，礼乐之乐，乃假借乐艺之乐，且与礼呈同述之态（观念方式）。进而，因乐之所及泛化至和，又成为古代上层意识形态所力图倡导之人文秩序（意识形态）。遂，礼乐相和，是为中国古代最具典型意义，且占据主流地位的人文意识形态。更为关键者，对人文历史具制动意义的文化当事人而言，则又为统治者维系社会秩序的一个人文守则。其潜在者，即为“文以载道”，以至成为古代文人成就自我的人格之鉴。文以载道，?

明末清初天主教给儒学带来的新论域

天主教传教士来华后对待儒学的策略是"合儒、补儒、超儒",传教士和本土的儒家天主教徒以耶释儒,在灵魂观、生死观、罪、德性伦理等诸多方面为晚明渐为晦暗的儒学生态带来了新的思想气象,并构成中国思想近代化的开端。

Physical literacy in the field of physical education——A challenge and a possibility

Publications of articles with physical literacy as a topic have increased dramatically since the beginning of 2000 s. The aim of this paper is to,through an explorative literature overview with an inductive approach, analyze frequent, and significant themes in published peer reviewed articles,with a focus on physical literacy. The database EBSCO has been used with the identifiers “physical literacy” and “physical literacy and evidence”.Furthermore ICSSPE Bulletin＇s special issue on physical literacy has been included in the overview. The findings have resulted in three key themes： assumptions of the concept physical literacy and its educative role, sports development and physical literacy, and assessment and physical literacy. Future studies are needed to examine if the advocated pedagogical strategies based on the concept physical literacy have led to a reorganized and revitalized school subject. There is also an existing critique towards making physical literacy an idealistic neutral concept or synonym with fundamental movement skills or sports talent identification. The role of higher education emerges as crucial for the next step of the development of the scientific framework as this involves how physical literacy will be socially configured, nurtured, and embodied in practice.Copyright ó 2015, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Review of Shipowner＇s ＆ Charterer＇s Obligations in Various Types of Charter

The charterparty is a legal contract of employing a vessel. In shipping matters, it is a highly important document since it allocates obligations, rights, duties, liabilities, risks, earnings, costs and profits between the contracted parties, namely, the shipowner and the charterer. The interpretation of the above mentioned matters, as well as the understanding of charterparty terms, is considered of critical importance in chartering practice. Therefore, this paper constitutes a review of the most important aspects arising from charterparties in the main types of charter. The present study is based on shipping practices followed in accordance with the English Common Law throughout the chartering process （pre-fixture, fixture, execution of the charter, post fixture）. This is a synopsis about the distribution of the liabilities and expenses between the shipowner and the charterer in the most representative types of charter. The analysis is seen from a commercial stand point. Therefore, it is mostly addressed to the shipping practitioners, maritime economists, academics, students and researchers who seek to form a comprehensive view on the subject. It may also form a basis for further study on chartering aspects （legal, economic, managerial and practical）.

Local-Scale Governance： A Review of the Zambian Approach to Fisheries Management

Despite Zambia＇s recent policies for optimizing sustainable management of fisheries, their success has been modest in practice. Artisanal and industrial fleets have led to decline in fish catches in the presence of currently prescribed management possibilities. Among other factors, excessive fishing and unsustainable fishing methods attributed to common property and free access to the resources are key. The country adopted co-management approach to fisheries management in the 1990s with a view to improve the fisheries stocks through community enforcement of fishery management regulations. Neither the success of co-management has been easy to measure nor its results appreciated. In view of overfishing, it is required to continue providing a range of empirical evidence of area-specific co-management interventions as basis for designing realistic and innovative solutions for the nation. This implies that new policies and institutions need to be developed by research to understand fisheries systems and better promote sustainable trajectories. The following review recommendation to central government is a coherent approach that uses and crystallizes the multiple interests and skills of co-management stakeholders. Most stakeholder groups have been involved in an ad hoc fashion through workshops, public meetings and consultative processes mainly organized by Department of Fisheries. Stakeholders should be involved from the design of the process to each step in the process, including the ongoing monitoring and evaluation. A form of memorandum of understanding is suggested. This will formally set out a process that acknowledges each stakeholder＇s interests and provide forums to facilitate discussion, consultation and monitoring of management activities.

Shell Model Description of Neutron-Deficient Sn Isotopes

The shell model calculations in the sdgh major shell for the neutron-deficient ^106,107,108,109Sn isotopes have been carried out by using CD-Bonn and Nijmegenl two-body effective nucleon-nucleon interactions. The singleshell states and the corresponding matrix elements needed for describing Sn isotopes are reconstructed to calculate the coefficient of fractional parantage by reducing the calculation requirements. This reconstruction allows us to do the shell model calculations of the neutron deficient Sn isotopes in very reasonable time. The results are compared to the recent high-resolution experimental data and found to be in good agreement with experiments.

基于UKF的雷达和机载ESM扩维跟踪

为有效提高异类传感器融合跟踪的效果,提出了一种基于UKF的雷达和机载ESM扩维跟踪算法。首先将目标和机载ESM的状态信息组合起来,形成一个高维的状态向量,从而有效抑制滤波中GPS定位误差所带来的影响;接着在此基础上采用UKF来实现目标的定位跟踪,以求进一步减小扩维后线性化误差加大等问题的影响。仿真结果表明,该算法可更好地实现对目标的定位跟踪。

A review on evapotranspiration data assimilation based on hydrological models

Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration(ET),especially at the regional scale,is an extensively investigated topic in the field of water science. The ability to obtain a continuous time series of highly precise ET values is necessary for improving our knowledge of fundamental hydrological processes and for addressing various problems regarding the use of water. This objective can be achieved by means of ET data assimilation based on hydrological modeling. In this paper,a comprehensive review of ET data assimilation based on hydrological modeling is provided. The difficulties and bottlenecks of using ET,being a non-state variable,to construct data assimilation relationships are elaborated upon,with a discussion and analysis of the feasibility of assimilating ET into various hydrological models. Based on this,a new easy-to-operate ET assimilation scheme that includes a water circulation physical mechanism is proposed. The scheme was developed with an improved data assimilation system that uses a distributed time-variant gain model(DTVGM),and the ET-soil humidity nonlinear time response relationship of this model. Moreover,the ET mechanism in the DTVGM was improved to perfect the ET data assimilation system. The new scheme may provide the best spatial and temporal characteristics for hydrological states,and may be referenced for accurate estimation of regional evapotranspiration.

Structure of high spin state in proton-rich ^(74,76,78)Kr isotopes:A projected shell model description

The N≈Z nuclei in the mass A^80 region has been researched because of an abundance of nuclear structure phenomena.The projected shell model(PSM)was adopted to investigate the structure of high spin state in proton-rich 74,76,78Kr isotopes including yrast spectra,moment of inertia,electric quadrupole transitions and the behavior of single particle.The calculated results are in good agreement with available data and the shape coexistence in low-spin is also discussed.

Recognizing the Automorphism Groups of Mathieu Groups Through Their Orders and Large Degrees of Their Irreducible Characters＊

It is a well-known fact that characters of a finite group can give important information about the structure of the group. It was also proved by the third author that a finite simple group can be uniquely determined by its character table. Here the authors attempt to investigate how to characterize a finite almost-simple group by using less information of its character table, and successfully characterize the automorphism groups of Mathieu groups by their orders their character tables. and at most two irreducible character degrees of