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先秦名论:认知-思辨论和伦理-权术论 被引量:1
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作者 李葆嘉 《南京师范大学文学院学报》 CSSCI 2010年第2期171-181,共11页
先秦名论包括:道家的认知论"名论"、儒家的伦理论"名论"、名家的王道论"名论"、《墨辩》派的思辨论"名论"、法家的权术论"名论",由此呈现出认知-思辨论"名论"和伦理-权术... 先秦名论包括:道家的认知论"名论"、儒家的伦理论"名论"、名家的王道论"名论"、《墨辩》派的思辨论"名论"、法家的权术论"名论",由此呈现出认知-思辨论"名论"和伦理-权术论"名论"的两条线索。占主流的先秦伦理-权术论"王者制名、循名督实"的"名实之辩",本质上是"伦理主义";古希腊"按规定"还是"按本质"的"名实之争",本质上是"物理主义"。先秦名论中的"名-实"两解:①指称之名-指称之物;②名分-实绩,与结构主义符号学的"能指(音响形象)-所指(概念)"之间不存在直接对应关系。 展开更多
关键词 先秦 认知-思辨 伦理-权术 名-实
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名实与真实:探索“真实性”议题的本土话语分析框架 被引量:5
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作者 李菲 《旅游学刊》 CSSCI 北大核心 2020年第3期50-61,共12页
随着"真实性"讨论在国内学术界的引入和持续升温,需要看到",真实性"的设问本质上表达了西方世界关于何为"真实"的主导观念及权威话语。在当代旅游研究中",真实性"概念被广泛用于分析从西方到... 随着"真实性"讨论在国内学术界的引入和持续升温,需要看到",真实性"的设问本质上表达了西方世界关于何为"真实"的主导观念及权威话语。在当代旅游研究中",真实性"概念被广泛用于分析从西方到非西方不同社会语境中的旅游现象,而其移用过程本身尚未得到充分反思。因此,在前现代的"游"向现代"旅游"转型的过程中,共时维度语境挪移的"真实性"概念仍需重返历时维度的本土观念和实践传统方能得到落实。基于对"名实观"历史、文化、哲学内涵的追溯辨析以及对徐霞客、李时珍身心之"游"的个案讨论,文章通过"名实观"的引入,揭示出本土之"游"以身正名、求实体真的实践伦理面向,首先旨在反思"真实性"普遍话语的理论限度并设定参照维度;进而尝试建立一种新的话语分析框架,在"名-实"关联的社会历史建构视野中,将"真实性"的一般化讨论导向"真实化"的过程态考察,由此检视"真实性"概念嵌入本土话语场和实践场的复杂动因。 展开更多
关键词 旅游
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以藏象为例探讨中医学具身性的“名-象-实”认知观 被引量:1
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作者 马振 赵敏 +1 位作者 尹笑丹 赵凰宏 《中华中医药杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第4期1727-1730,共4页
西方哲学以存在论为预设前提,通过对物质结构和功能属性的分解形成了合乎逻辑的概念定义。中国传统认知观念则更注重事物内部蕴含的须臾不可离之“道”,据道中之“实”以命其物“名”,名非概念认知的产物,而是通过具身体验的方式,在对... 西方哲学以存在论为预设前提,通过对物质结构和功能属性的分解形成了合乎逻辑的概念定义。中国传统认知观念则更注重事物内部蕴含的须臾不可离之“道”,据道中之“实”以命其物“名”,名非概念认知的产物,而是通过具身体验的方式,在对事物进行意象化处理的基础上所形成的观念约束和价值判断,名与象共存不可离,以名为信息媒介把不可名之道寓于可名之象中呈现,中医藏象正是把对天人关系的探索寓于名象思辨的格局内来考量。文章以传统“名实观”为契机,结合意、象、身心等文化语境,旨在挖掘中医藏象内隐性的“名-象-实”认知观,并总结为3个方面内容:具身体验,身心互塑;立象尽意,比类形名;形名检定,名实相生。以期为中医思维研究提供新的思路。 展开更多
关键词 藏象 具身性 -- 认知观 中医思维
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Recognition of Chinese Organization Name Using Co-training
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作者 柯逍 李绍滋 陈锦秀 《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2010年第2期193-198,共6页
Chinese organization name recognition is hard and important in natural language processing. To reduce tagged corpus and use untagged corpus,we presented combing Co-training with support vector machines (SVM) and condi... Chinese organization name recognition is hard and important in natural language processing. To reduce tagged corpus and use untagged corpus,we presented combing Co-training with support vector machines (SVM) and conditional random fields (CRF) to improve recognition results. Based on principles of uncorrelated and compatible,we constructed different classifiers from different views within SVM or CRF alone and combination of these two models. And we modified a heuristic untagged samples selection algorithm to reduce time complexity. Experimental results show that under the same tagged data,Co-training has 10% F-measure higher than using SVM or CRF alone; under the same F-measure,Co-training saves at most 70% of tagged data to achieve the same performance. 展开更多
关键词 CO-TRAINING named entity recognition conditional random fields CRF) support vector machines (SVM)
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“名-意-实”三元互动相生译名模式 被引量:2
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作者 庞秀成 《解放军外国语学院学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第3期129-135,159,F0003,共9页
译名简化为语码置换活动,其根源在于将名实关系理解为能指和所指的静态二元关系。中国传统名实论以“意”为中介,据此建构“名-意-实”三元译名架构,阐明三元互动关系,明确名之“义”是“意”的概念化结果,消除语码转换模式的弊端。援... 译名简化为语码置换活动,其根源在于将名实关系理解为能指和所指的静态二元关系。中国传统名实论以“意”为中介,据此建构“名-意-实”三元译名架构,阐明三元互动关系,明确名之“义”是“意”的概念化结果,消除语码转换模式的弊端。援引译名实例证明,译名是在目的语中反思和重建名实关系的活动,三元架构拓宽了译名活动的理论视野,对译名实践和批评有哲学上的启发和指导作用。 展开更多
关键词 -- 三元模式 关系
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Acquiring synonymous attribute phrases for named entities via online encyclopedia
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作者 伍大勇 Zhao Shiqi Liu Ting 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 2013年第4期398-405,共8页
In this work,an approach is proposed to acquire synonymous attribute phrases of named entities(NEs) from an online encyclopedia.Synonymous attribute phrases are the phrases that express the same attribute with differe... In this work,an approach is proposed to acquire synonymous attribute phrases of named entities(NEs) from an online encyclopedia.Synonymous attribute phrases are the phrases that express the same attribute with different surface forms for a class of NEs.Specifically,the proposed approach is composed of three stages.Firstly,the entries related to a given NE class are automatically selected from an online encyclopedia.Secondly,attribute phrases are extracted based on the statistics of phrase frequency.Thirdly,synonymous attributes are identified in a pairwise manner through a classification framework combining multiple features.The proposed approach is applied on Baidu Baike,a Chinese online encyclopedia,for four different NE classes.Experimental results show that the approach obtains an average precision of 74%and an average F-value of 65%for the four NE classes.In particular,thousands of synonymous attribute phrase pairs are acquired for each class,which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. 展开更多
关键词 attribute phrase named entity (NE) synonymous attribute online encyclopedia
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Identifying Proper Names Based on Association Analysis
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作者 张云涛 龚玲 《Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science)》 EI 2007年第5期559-562,共4页
The issue of proper names recognition in Chinese text was discussed. An automatic approach based on association analysis to extract rules from corpus was presented. The method tries to discover rules relevant to exter... The issue of proper names recognition in Chinese text was discussed. An automatic approach based on association analysis to extract rules from corpus was presented. The method tries to discover rules relevant to external evidence by association analysis, without additional manual effort. These rules can be used to recognize the proper nouns in Chinese texts. The experimental result shows that our method is practical in some applications. Moreover, the method is language independent. 展开更多
关键词 named entity recognition natural language processing text processing Chinese text proper name
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Rectifying Names Is a Must——Xun Zi's Linguistic Ideas in Zhengming
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作者 易兰 《海外英语》 2012年第2X期251-252,共2页
In China, Warring States Period was imbued with chaos of wars and the whole society was in a state of ferment. The disordered phase in ideological area, as the most direct reflection of the change, was characterized b... In China, Warring States Period was imbued with chaos of wars and the whole society was in a state of ferment. The disordered phase in ideological area, as the most direct reflection of the change, was characterized by that all the old ethical standard had been badly weaken, even failed to explain the moral facts. In terms of common people, they were confused and puzzled by the questions as "what is language?" and "what is the standard of speaking and behavior?" Some ancient scholars pinned these problems upon the reversal of "ming" (名) and "shi" (实). As a result, to rectify names and to clarify the name of ethics became a must for reconstructing the old proprieties and system. Among those scholars and thinkers, Xun Zi firstly proposed Zhengming to state the relationship between a name and the thing it represents in a systematical way. This essay only sheds light upon the reason of rectifying names: to distinguish the rank and differentiate the similarities and differences("明贵贱,辨同异")which is the must of "rectifying names". 展开更多
关键词 LINGUISTIC ideas Xun Zi Zhengming "ming" () and "
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Remuneration Reforms in Public Sector: A Case of Russian Healthcare
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作者 Marina Kolosnitsyna 《Chinese Business Review》 2012年第1期109-118,共10页
In 2008 remuneration reform for public sector was introduced in Russia. Its main idea was to implement P4P principle well-known in business, including more flexible approach to wage setting. This paper presents an att... In 2008 remuneration reform for public sector was introduced in Russia. Its main idea was to implement P4P principle well-known in business, including more flexible approach to wage setting. This paper presents an attempt to estimate an influence of the new remuneration system (NRS) on earnings level, inequalities and job motivation. The estimates are based on microdata of monitoring survey of healthcare economic problems conducted in Russia in 2009 and 2010. The extended specification of Mincer earning equation and probit-models were used. One could observe increasing wage rates and earning inequalities within healthcare institutions adopted NRS though worker's experience and regional economic differences remain significant wage determining factors. As it occurs, NRS is widely adopted by large regional and central hospitals while smaller health care institutions show less enthusiasm in implementing reform. Obviously, the larger institutions have more money and better educated administrative staff to introduce the new system. Those chief physicians who adopted NRS point out a positive correlation between earnings and individual input. At the same time, those committed to old principles of wage setting more often note declining job turnover. This latter result could possibly indicate negative personnel sorting, less productive workers tending to stay with employer who doesn't assess their performance. As concerns anticipated NRS results such as increasing motivation and quality of health services, the evidence is still ambiguous. 展开更多
关键词 remuneration system pay for performance health care institutions job motivation
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汉语句法中的框-棂关系 被引量:22
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作者 张伯江 《当代语言学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2018年第2期231-242,共12页
汉语的句法关系是篇章关系的凝结,廖秋忠在篇章关系中确立的"框-棂"语义关系可以用来刻画汉语的句法关系。传统上所谓的主谓谓语句、周遍性主语句、无定主语句、反身与相互代词句、名词作状语以及带"得"的补语句等... 汉语的句法关系是篇章关系的凝结,廖秋忠在篇章关系中确立的"框-棂"语义关系可以用来刻画汉语的句法关系。传统上所谓的主谓谓语句、周遍性主语句、无定主语句、反身与相互代词句、名词作状语以及带"得"的补语句等句式中,都存在着大的话题框之下,说明语中还有一个小的次话题棂的现象。汉语的基本句法关系是话题-说明关系,论元关系的有无在句首部分并不重要。话题的指称性质宜以通指性为基本认识,而作为棂成分的次话题,其指称性质倒是多种多样的。 展开更多
关键词 话题-说明 - 次话题 名-实 通指性
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Knowledge Graph Based Method for Tracing Quality of Aerospace Products
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作者 WANG Ning CAO Lijun +5 位作者 DING Siyi MENG Yan LIU Huan ZHENG Xiaohu HUANG Wenbin LIU Xiaojia 《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》 CAS 2024年第5期513-524,共12页
Nowadays,the internal structure of spacecraft has been increasingly complex.As its“lifeline”,cables require extensive manpower and resources for manual testing,and it is challenging to quickly and accurately locate ... Nowadays,the internal structure of spacecraft has been increasingly complex.As its“lifeline”,cables require extensive manpower and resources for manual testing,and it is challenging to quickly and accurately locate quality problems and find solutions.To address this problem,a knowledge graph based method is employed to extract multi-source heterogeneous cable knowledge entities.The method utilizes the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers(BERT)network to embed word vectors into the input text,then extracts the contextual features of the input sequence through the bidirectional long short-term memory(BiLSTM)network,and finally inputs them into the conditional random field(CRF)network to predict entity categories.Simultaneously,by using the entities extracted by this model as the data layer,a knowledge graph based method has been constructed.Compared to other traditional extraction methods,the entity extraction method used in this study demonstrates significant improvements in metrics such as precision,recall and an F1 score.Ultimately,employing cable test data from a particular aerospace precision machining company,the study has constructed the knowledge graph based method in the field to achieve visualized queries and the traceability and localization of quality problems. 展开更多
关键词 knowledge graph named entity recognition quality control aerospace product
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Disambiguating named entities with deep supervised learning via crowd labels
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作者 Le-kui ZHOU Si-liang TANG +2 位作者 Jun XIAO Fei WU Yue-ting ZHUANG 《Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2017年第1期97-106,共10页
Named entity disambiguation (NED) is the task of linking mentions of ambiguous entities to their referenced entities in a knowledge base such as Wikipedia. We propose an approach to effectively disentangle the discr... Named entity disambiguation (NED) is the task of linking mentions of ambiguous entities to their referenced entities in a knowledge base such as Wikipedia. We propose an approach to effectively disentangle the discriminative features in the manner of collaborative utilization of collective wisdom (via human-labeled crowd labels) and deep learning (via human-generated data) for the NED task. In particular, we devise a crowd model to elicit the underlying features (crowd features) from crowd labels that indicate a matching candidate for each mention, and then use the crowd features to fine-tune a dynamic convolutional neural network (DCNN). The learned DCNN is employed to obtain deep crowd features to enhance traditional hand-crafted features for the NED task. The proposed method substantially benefits from the utilization of crowd knowledge (via crowd labels) into a generic deep learning for the NED task. Experimental analysis demonstrates that the proposed approach is superior to the traditional hand-crafted features when enough crowd labels are gathered. 展开更多
关键词 Named entity disambiguation Crowdsourcing Deep learning
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A simple control system of quantum key distribution with high visibility 被引量:1
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作者 马海强 汪龙 +2 位作者 李申 焦荣珍 吴令安 《Optoelectronics Letters》 EI 2012年第4期318-320,共3页
A relatively simple plug-and-play control system of quantum key distribution (QKD) based on PCI7300 card is demonstrated, including mechanism design, key generation and key acquisition. The system works very well at... A relatively simple plug-and-play control system of quantum key distribution (QKD) based on PCI7300 card is demonstrated, including mechanism design, key generation and key acquisition. The system works very well at the repetition frequency of 1 MHz, and the key generation rate is 100 k/s. A visibility of better than 95% over 50 km-long fiber at 1.31 gm is obtained, which is stable under ordinary lab conditions for 24 h without any feedback control or adjustment. The presented system is a quite promising candidate to realize the QKD in the future. 展开更多
关键词 Machine design VISIBILITY
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An Analysis of the Determinants of the Changes in China's Foreign Exchange Reserves' Nominal and Real Rates of Return
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作者 张斌 王勋 Li Jingfeng 《Social Sciences in China》 2014年第3期65-81,共17页
We use decomposition and regression to examine the reasons for the changes in nominal and real rates of return of China's foreign exchange reserves between 2002 and 2009. The results show that the US financial market... We use decomposition and regression to examine the reasons for the changes in nominal and real rates of return of China's foreign exchange reserves between 2002 and 2009. The results show that the US financial market risk premium is the most important determinant of changes in the nominal rate of return, while the US dollar exchange rate and the bulk commodity price are the two key determinants of changes in the real rate of return. From empirically based research, one may conclude that the loose monetary policy of the US Federal Reserve increases China's foreign exchange reserves' nominal rate of return but decreases the real rate of return and that the European debt crisis has an uncertain impact on China's foreign exchange reserves' nominal rate of return but may well raise the real rate of return. 展开更多
关键词 foreign exchange reserves' nominal rate of return foreign exchange reserves'real rate of return
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