北宋五礼的地域化演变

唐末礼仪衰残,致五代无所继承,而不得不从民间培育礼仪文化。北宋前期五礼基本由河朔、中原士大夫编制。宋真宗以后,江淮士大夫即南唐、吴越世家后裔纷纷上位政界,操持了五礼编制工作,五礼由此迈向南唐化,并逐渐达到宋代礼仪编制高峰。

High Serum CEA and CYFRA21-1 Levels after a Two-Cycle Adjuvant Chemotherapy for NSCLC:Possible Poor Prognostic Factors

Objective The aim of this study was to test whether carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） and cytokeratin 19 fragments （CYFRA21-1） can be used as a prognostic factor for non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） after two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. Methods A total of 169 patients underwent at least two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. The serum levels of CEA and CYFRA21-1 were recorded after the second cycle of chemotherapy, and the patient follow-up was conducted. Overall survival （OS） and disease- free survival （DFS） were used as the primary endpoint and the secondary endpoint, respectively. Results The high levels of CEA and CYFRA21-1 after two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy were poor prognostic factors for OS, with risk ratios （RR） of 2.003 and 1.702, respectively. A high CEA level was a poor prognostic factor （RR 1.152） for DFS. The median survival time （MST） of the high CEA level group was 26 months, whereas that of the normal group was 61 months （P〈0.0001）. The median DFS time of the high CEA group and the normal group was 34 and 53 months, respectively （P〈0.0001）. The MST of the high CYFRA21-1 group and the normal group was 43 and 56 months, respectively （P〈0.0001）. Conclusions The high serum levels of CEA or CYFRA21-1 after two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy are poor prognostic factors for NSCLC patients.

大中祥符(1008—1016)封祀礼仪的地域化演变

宋真宗封祀活动有着深厚的社会背景,五代、宋初礼仪制度根植于河朔社会文化,辽也大规模吸收河朔制度文化,二者的近似引起了宋初统治者的焦虑。宋真宗利用澶渊之盟后的安定局面,大力提拔江淮士大夫,创制封祀礼仪,主持奉迎天书活动,使封祀礼仪呈现南唐化发展趋势。这个转折从此拉开了与辽礼的距离,宋朝的正统性因之得以巩固,其统治的社会基础也更加扩大了。