High Serum CEA and CYFRA21-1 Levels after a Two-Cycle Adjuvant Chemotherapy for NSCLC:Possible Poor Prognostic Factors

Objective The aim of this study was to test whether carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） and cytokeratin 19 fragments （CYFRA21-1） can be used as a prognostic factor for non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） after two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. Methods A total of 169 patients underwent at least two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. The serum levels of CEA and CYFRA21-1 were recorded after the second cycle of chemotherapy, and the patient follow-up was conducted. Overall survival （OS） and disease- free survival （DFS） were used as the primary endpoint and the secondary endpoint, respectively. Results The high levels of CEA and CYFRA21-1 after two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy were poor prognostic factors for OS, with risk ratios （RR） of 2.003 and 1.702, respectively. A high CEA level was a poor prognostic factor （RR 1.152） for DFS. The median survival time （MST） of the high CEA level group was 26 months, whereas that of the normal group was 61 months （P〈0.0001）. The median DFS time of the high CEA group and the normal group was 34 and 53 months, respectively （P〈0.0001）. The MST of the high CYFRA21-1 group and the normal group was 43 and 56 months, respectively （P〈0.0001）. Conclusions The high serum levels of CEA or CYFRA21-1 after two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy are poor prognostic factors for NSCLC patients.

中晚唐五代科举与清望官的关系

本文以唐德宗至后周恭帝期间 (分四个时期 )的宰相为例 ,考察其社会出身、籍贯、科第情况 ,进而分析其变化。从四个时期宰相的入仕途径来看 ,总的趋势是科举出身者逐渐占主导地位 ,以门荫升迁宰相的机率逐步衰落 ,非科第出身者升迁宰相的机率也大为减少。中晚唐士族兼进士出身者在诸色入仕和升迁中一直处于优势地位 ,直到五代才略有下降 ,小姓兼进士出身入仕、升迁的机会亦大于寒素兼进士出身 ,表明科举出身在诸色入仕与升迁过程中 ,对士族和小姓更为有利。五代宰相中士族所占的比例明显低于科举出身者 ,说明在社会动荡中士族的门第已不及科第更能持久地维系其社会地位的不衰、家族的不败。