“马克思哲学的后学化”抑或“后哲学的马克思主义化”——兼论中西哲学的视阈融通与马克思主义哲学的当代走向

后现代哲学因子的过量引介无疑加速了当代哲学精神生产的品质趋下和整个哲学形态的另类转型,使其阐释能力及有效性均面临挑战与质疑,并带来了自身的意义低迷和科学化危机。面对这种尴尬处境:一是必须探讨马克思哲学创新发展的学理依据与路径选择;二是必须在基本立场、基本原则上切当处置马克思哲学与后现代哲学的相容相生关系。是马克思主义哲学的"三化合一"而非"马克思哲学的后学化"抑或"后哲学的马克思主义化",才能积极捍卫当代中国人共有的精神家园,并在人民大众的心目中确立起切当的文化认同。

Significance of the Expression of CyclinD1 and Ki67 Antigen in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Objective: To detect the expression of cyclinD1 and Ki67 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and their correlation with the biological behaviors and prognosis. Methods: 56 cases of biopsy specimens of NPC which had been embedded with para?n in 1996 in our hospital were collected and immunostained with cyclinD1 and Ki67 monoclonal antibodies by means of the streptavidin peroxides method. The patients were followed up periodically, and then their biological behaviors and prognosis were statistically analyzed. Results: The percentage of cyclinD1 and Ki67 positive cells in the NPC specimens ranged from 0–54% and 0–31% respectively. The staining was nuclear. Of the 56 cases, 30 cases (56.6%) highly expressed cyclinD1 or Ki67 HPI and 26 cases (46.4%) lowly expressed cyclinD1, while only 16 cases (28.6%) showed Ki67 HPI (high proliferated index) and 40 cases (71.4%) showed Ki67 LPI (low proliferated index). Patients who lowly expressed cyclinD1 or highly expressed Ki67 had a higher radiosensitivity and a better prognosis. Conclusion: CyclinD1 and Ki67 immunohistochemical staining is considered to be useful, not only as an independent factor of radiosensitivity and prognosis respectively, but also as a means of determining the optimum treatment for each individual patient with NPC.

Embryogenesis of Polyembryonic Rice ApⅢ: Structural and Histochemical Studies of Egg Apparatus Around Fertilization

The structural and histochemical changes of the egg apparatus in the polyembryonic rice ( Oryza sativa L.), ApⅢ with the highest frequence of additional embryos among the polyembryonic rice investigated, before and after fertilization were studied and compared with those of normal and other polyembryonic rices in a similar developmental period. A total of 2 932 ovules were observed and each of them contained only a single embryo sac with a set of egg apparatus. Among 1 655 embryo sacs, there were 1 643 embryo sacs (99.27%) with one normal egg apparatus in each embryo sac, and only 12 embryo sacs (0.73%) from the remainder with 4_celled egg apparatus, i.e. two eggs and two synergids. Neither the numerous poly_egg apparatus and egg_like cells, nor the double set of embryo sacs each containing one egg apparatus and other abnormal egg apparatus in single ovary, which were reported by earlier investigators to have high frequency of embryo production in SB_1 and ApⅣ, were observed. The egg cell was located at the subterminal site of the micropylar end of embryo sac. The cytoplasm of egg cell was rich in protein materials and polysaccharide grains, which did not disappear until the division of zygote. The prominent nucleus was closely surrounded by protein and polysaccharide grains, which did not disappear until the division of zygote. No cytological difference was found between egg cells from the normal and abnormal egg apparatus. The two synergids were fully developed and situated at the upper most part of the micropylar end of the mature embryo sac. In most embryo sacs, the synergids were flask_shaped with longer necks, and a widened cap_shaped top, in close contact with the micropyle. The synergids had a well developed filiform apparatus. The characteristic appearance of the filiform apparatus as well as the cap_neck region of synergids before and after pollen tube penetration were easily distinguishable from the egg cell. The structure, the stainability with Coomassie Brilliant Blue and PAS reaction, the process of accumulation, distribution and disapperance of the cytoplasmic protein materials and polysaccharide grains of the two synergids, the persistent and rarely the receptive synergids before and after pollen tube penetration, were closely similar to those of egg cell of the same developmental stage. In comparison with normal and other polyembryonic rice reported, the size of nucleus and nucleolus and their stainability also strongly resembled those of egg cell. Based on the results observed, the main conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) the additional embryos very frequently developed in the young and mature seed of polyembryonic rice ApⅢ were produced by one or two synergids of normal egg apparatus, rarely by 4_celled egg apparatus; (2) during fertilization, the synergids, in addition to the natural specific function of introducing pollen tube and transferring sperms to egg cell and central cell, could be closely associated with the potentiality to breed one or two additional embryos; and (3) as compared with that of normal or other polyembryonic rice it is firstly disclosed that in a few embryo sacs of ApⅢ, the cytoplasmic and nuclear structure, the active anabolism and catabolism of protein and polysaccharide materials and the delayed disorganization at the mid_basal region of the receptive and persistent synergid still remained unchanged before the division of zygote. Such salient features could be the predisposition for the origin of additional embryos in ApⅢ.

Relationship between survivin expression and recurrence,and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM： To study the expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, and its correlation with clinicopathological factors, cell proliferation, recurrence and prognosis after hepatectomy. METHODS： Immunohistochemical staining of survivin and Ki-67 was performed by the standard streptavidin- peroxidase technique on paraffin sections of 55 cases of HCC. RESULTS： The positive rate of survivin in HCC was 52.7% （29/55）. Significant correlation was found between survivin expression with portal vein thrombi and intrahepatic matastasistic nodes （P 〈 0.05）. The recurrent rate in survivin-positive HCC was significantly higher than that in survivin-negative HCC after hepatectomy, the 1- and 3-year survival rate in patients with survivin-positive tumors was significantly lower than that in patients with survivin-negative tumors （58.62 and 10.34% vs 76.92 and 30.77%, P 〈 0.05, log-rank test）. The proliferation index （Ki-67） in survivin-positive HCC （33.83% ± 18.90%） was significantly higher than that in survivin-negative HCC （19.60% ± 19.35%） （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Survivin may play an important role in progression of HCC by promoting cell proliferation, and may be positively correlated with high risk of disease recurrence and poor prognosis in HCC. Its expression may serve as a prognostic factor for patients with HCC after hepatectomy.

Prognostic significance of bcl-2 and p53 expression in colorectal carcinoma

Objective: This study was designed to detect the expression of bcl-2 and p53 proteins in colorectal carcinomas and to determine their association with the patient survival and stage of the diseases. Methods: Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression of bcl-2 and p53 proteins in 93 cases of colorectal carcinoma. The stain results were obtained by analyzing the clinic-pathological characteristics of patients. Results: Fifty-seven percent (53/93) of the colorectal carcinomas were bcl-2 protein positive. The positive rate of bcl-2 protein in lymph node involvement cases was lower (15/37) than the cases without node involvement (38/58, P<0.01). The positive rate of p53 protein was 43% (40/93) in colon-rectum carcinomas. No significant correlation was observed between p53 protein expression and clinic-pathological manifestations (P>0.05) but the survival was significantly worse (P=0.0001) in the p53 protein positive cases. Neither bcl-2 nor p53 alone was correlated with stage of the disease. When combined bcl-2/p53 status was analyzed, a group with bcl-2(+) and p53(?) had the best prognosis. This group was significantly associated with earlier Dukes’ stages (P=0.1763). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, lymph node involvement and p53 protein expression were two independent factors correlated with survival time. Conclusion: The expression of bcl-2 and p53 represent biological characteristics of colorectal carcinomas. Assessment of both bcl-2 and p53 status may be valuable in predicting the prognosis of patients.

Predicting prognosis of rectal cancer patients with total mesorectal excision using molecular markers

AIM:To explore the prognostic variables in rectal cancer patients undergoing curative total mesorectal excision and the effect of postoperative chemotherapy in advanced rectal cancer. METHODS:A total of 259 consecutive rectal cancer patients treated with curative total mesorectal excision between 1999 and 2004 were collected. p53,p21,PCNA,and CD44v6 were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The correlation between clinicopathological or molecular variables and clinical outcomes,including local recurrence,metastasis,disease-free survival and overall survival,was analyzed. RESULTS:The median follow-up was 44 mo. Five-year survival rates and 5-year disease free survival rates were 75.43% and 70.32%,respectively. Multi-analysis revealed TNM staging,preoperative CEA,and CD44v6 level were independent risk factors predicting overall survival or disease free survival. The hazard ratio of peroperative CEA was 2.65 (95% CI 1.4-5) and 3.10 (95% CI 1.37-6.54) for disease free survival and overall survival,respectively. The hazard ratio of CD44v6 was 1.93 (95% CI 1.04-3.61) and 2.21 (95% CI 1.01-4.88) for disease free survival and overall survival,respectively. TNM staging was the only risk factor predicting local recurrence. Postoperative chemotherapy without radiotherapy did not improve patients' outcome. CONCLUSION:TNM staging,preoperative CEA and CD44v6 were independent prognostic factors for rectal cancer patients with total mesorectal excision. Postoperative chemotherapy may be only used together with radiotherapy for rectal cancer patients.

The Preparation of Fragrance and Health-Care Microcapsule Agent and Its Application on Fabrics

The technology of microcapsule was employed in this paper to prepare fragrant microcapsule agent, in which the core material was lavender oil, and the wall material polyurethane was formed from a reaction with 2, 4-tolylene diisocyanate （ TDI ） and poly （ ethylene glycol） （PEG） by interracial polymerization method. Through single factor and orthogonal experiments, the optimum technology conditions have been got as follows： the molecular weight of PEG 400, core/wall ration 1 ： 2, disperser sodium alginate （SA） 0.15%, emulsifier Poly（vinyl alcohol） （PVA） 1%, emulsifying speed 9 500 r/min, emulsifying time 5 min and reaction time 2 h. The microcapsule fragrant agent, prepared under the optimum conditions, was applied on the fabrics and a kind of good control-released fragrant fabric with health-care function was obtained.

Expression of G3BP and RhoC in esophageal squamous carcinoma and their effect on prognosis

AIM: To investigate the expression and significance of G3BP and RhoC proteins in esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESC). METHODS: The expression of G3BP and Rhoc proteins in 80 cases of ESC was detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship was studied between the expression of the two proteins and tumor size, differentiation degree, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and prognosis of ESC. RESULTS: The positive expression rate of G3BP in ESC was 71.25%; and the rate in the lymph node metastasis group was significantly higher than that in the non- lymph node metastasis group (Z = -2.283, P = 0.022), but no relations were found between G3BP expression and tumor size, differentiation degree and TNM stage (P > 0.05). The group with G3BP positive expression had shorter survival time than the group with G3BP negative expression (P = 0.000). The positive expression rate of RhoC in ESC was 66.25%; and the rate in the lymph node metastasis group was significantly higher than that in the non-lymph node metastasis group (Z = -2.115, P < 0.05), but no relations were found between RhoC expression and tumor size, differentiation degree and TNM stage (P > 0.05). The RhoC positive expression group had a shorter survival time than the RhoC negative expression group (P < 0.001. The expression of G3BP protein correlated positively with the expression of RhoC in ESC tissues (rs = 0.656, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The expression of G3BP and RhoC protein is closely related to the lymph node metastasis and survival in ESC patients. G3BP and RhoC proteins can be considered as predictors of prognosis in ESC patients.

Management of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the pancreas (WHO G3): A tailored approach between proliferation and morphology

Neuroendocrine carcinomas(NEC) of the pancreas are defined by a mitotic count > 20 mitoses/10 high power fields and/or Ki67 index > 20%, and included all the tumors previously classified as poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas. These latter are aggressive malignancies with a high propensity for distant metastases and poor prognosis, and they can be further divided into small- and large-cell subtypes. However in the NEC category are included also neuroendocrine tumors with a well differentiated morphology but ki67 index > 20%. This category is associated with better prognosis and does not significantly respond to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, which represents the gold standard therapeutic approach for poorly differentiated NEC. In this review, the differences between well differentiated and poorly differentiated NEC are discussed considering both pathology, imaging features, treatment and prognostic implications. Diagnostic and therapeutic flowcharts are proposed. The need for a revision of current classification system is stressed being well differentiated NEC a more indolent disease compared to poorly differentiated tumors.

A hybrid discrete particle swarm optimization-genetic algorithm for multi-task scheduling problem in service oriented manufacturing systems

To cope with the task scheduling problem under multi-task and transportation consideration in large-scale service oriented manufacturing systems(SOMS), a service allocation optimization mathematical model was established, and then a hybrid discrete particle swarm optimization-genetic algorithm(HDPSOGA) was proposed. In SOMS, each resource involved in the whole life cycle of a product, whether it is provided by a piece of software or a hardware device, is encapsulated into a service. So, the transportation during production of a task should be taken into account because the hard-services selected are possibly provided by various providers in different areas. In the service allocation optimization mathematical model, multi-task and transportation were considered simultaneously. In the proposed HDPSOGA algorithm, integer coding method was applied to establish the mapping between the particle location matrix and the service allocation scheme. The position updating process was performed according to the cognition part, the social part, and the previous velocity and position while introducing the crossover and mutation idea of genetic algorithm to fit the discrete space. Finally, related simulation experiments were carried out to compare with other two previous algorithms. The results indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithm.

Value of COX-2 and HER-2 in Judging Condition and Prognosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expressions of cyclooxygenase 2 （COX-2） and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 （HER-2） in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） and their clinical significance in identifying the progression and prognosis of the NSCLC patients. METHODS Immunohistochemical indirect method was used to detect the expressions of the COX-2 and HER-2 protein in 54 NSCLC specimens, 16 paraneoplastic specimens, and 10 normal tissue specimens. RESULTS The positive rates of COX-2 and HER-2 protein expressions were respectively 75.9% and 40.7% in the NSCLC specimens, 25% and 12.5% in the paraneoplastic specimens, and 0 in the normal tissue. The COX-2 protein expression in lung cancer （LC） was not only related to the smoking habit of the patients and histological grades of LC, but also to the TNM stages, and lymphatic metastasis （P 〈 0.05）. HER-2 protein expression closely correlated to the pathologic types, histological grades, TNM stages, and lymphatic metastasis （P 〈 0.05）. The result of univariate analysis showed that all the histological grades, TNM stages, lymphatic metastasis, and expressions of COX-2/HER-2 correlated to the prognosis of NSCLC patients （mean of P value 〈 0.01）. The multivariate survival analysis indicated that there were signi.cant di.erences in comparison of the survival time between the COX-2 （＋＋/＋＋＋） /HER-2 （＋＋/＋＋＋） and the COX-2 （-/＋）/HER-2 （-/＋） groups （P〈 0.001）, suggesting the COX-2/HER-2 was a negative prognostic factor. CONCLUSION COX-2 and HER-2 are valuable in identifying the progression of NSCLC and predicting the prognosis of NSCLC patients. COX-2 and HER-2 are useful for judging the NSCLC patient＇s condition, and are of great value to the decision of NSCLC prognosis.

Overexpression of metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 predicts a poor outcome of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the intratumoral expression of metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) and c-Met and determine their clinical values associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A retrospective study admitted three hundred fifty-four patients with HBV-related HCC. The expression and distribution of MACC1 and c-Met were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry staining. Prognostic factors influencing survival, metastasis and recurrence were assessed. RESULTS: Intratumoral MACC1 level was found to be associated with HCC disease progression. Both median tumor-free survival (TFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly shorter in the postoperative HCC patients with high intratumoral MACC1 expression, as compared to those with low intratumoral MACC1 levels (TFS: 34 mo vs 48.0 mo, P < 0.001; OS: 40 mo vs 48 mo, P < 0.01). Multivariable analysis indicated that high MACC1 expression or co-expression with c-Met were independent predictors for HCC clinic outcome (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: High intratumoral MACC1 expression can be associated with enhanced tumor progression and poor outcome of HBV-related HCC. MACC1 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for postoperative HCC.

Enhancement of Adhesive Strength of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers Prepared by Polar Polymer Implantation

A new technique was proposed to enhance the adhesive strength of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene （UHMWPE） fibers. Polar polymer was implanted into UHMWE gel fibers during extracting process and can then be trapped on the surface of the fibers after subsequent ultra-drawing. The physical and chemical changes in the fiber structure were examined with scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy. The mechanical and interfacial adhesion properties of UHMWPE fibers were investigated with tensile testing. The results showed that there were polar groups on the smface of pretreated UHMWPE fiber. The interracial shear strength of UHMWPE fibers with epoxy resin was greatly improved without sacrificing the excellent mechanical p^perties of fibers. After pretreated with ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer （EVA）, the shear strength of the interface between fiber and epoxy resin increased from 1.06 to 2.49 MPa, while the integrated mechanical properties d the pretreated UHMWPE fibers were still optimal.

A Case of Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma:Pathobiological Behavior Showing A Low-grade Malignant Potential

Case Report A 38-year-old woman underwent a hysterectomy for a uterine tumor. A giant circumscribed nodule with a diameter of 20 cm at its widest point was found within the myometrium of the uterine corpus without hemorrhage or necrosis. More than 10 specimens were pathologically examined. Eleven years after hysterectomy, she developed five tumors （the largest diameter = 2 cm） in the right lung and retroperitoneal tumor （the largest diameter = 9.5 cm）. Microscopic examination indicated uterine, retroperitoneal and pulmonary foci, which were characterized by a benign appearance, including nodular smoothmuscle proliferation. The smooth muscle cells had an oval shape with relatively clear cytoplasm and a few irregular nuclei. In each specimen, spindle-shaped cells showed an interlacing bundle pattern with intermediated cellularity. The mitotic index was very low and no nuclear atypia was observed （Fig. 1）. Even though the serial pathological examination did not indicate any malignant potential, we diagnosed this case as benign metastasizing leiomyoma （BML）.

Clinicopathologic features and related prognosis factors analysis of the basal and non-basal phenotype of triple negative breast cancer

Objective:Triple-negative breast cancer(estrogen receptor-negative,progesterone receptor-negative and Her2-negative) can be classified into two subtypes:basal and non-basal phenotype.And the basal phenotype is associated with poor outcome.The purpose of this study was to figure out the differences of clinicopathological characters and related factors of prognosis between these two subtypes.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was performed for the CK5/6,CK17 basal markers and EGFR on biopsy samples from 40 triple-negative patients and the clinicopathology features of these samples were investigated.Results:Seventy percent of the patients were diagnosed as the basal phenotype.Compared with the non-basal phenotype,the basal phenotype lesions were significantly larger in diameter with a high nuclear grade.In the node-negative group the basal phenotype clearly showed the same clinicopathological differences.There was statistically significant concordance among all three antibodies.Conclusion:Expression of basal markers identifies a biologically and clinically distinct subgroup of TN tumors,justifying the use of basal markers to define the basal or the non-basal phenotype.It is important to help the doctor deciding the therapeutic strategy for patient with triple-negative breast cancer.

Analysis of multi-dimensional SAR for determining the thickness of thin sea ice in the Bohai Sea

Flat thin ice (<30 cm thick) is a common ice type in the Bohai Sea, China. Ice thickness detection is important to offshore exploration and marine transport in winter. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can be used to acquire sea ice data in all weather conditions, and it is a useful tool for monitoring sea ice conditions. In this paper, we combine a multi-layered sea ice electromagnetic (EM) scattering model with a sea ice thermodynamic model to assess the determination of the thickness of flat thin ice in the Bohai Sea using SAR at different frequencies, polarization, and incidence angles. Our modeling studies suggest that co-polarization backscattering coefficients and the co-polarized ratio can be used to retrieve the thickness of flat thin ice from C- and X-band SAR, while the co-polarized correlation coefficient can be used to retrieve flat thin ice thickness from L-, C-, and X-band SAR. Importantly, small or moderate incidence angles should be chosen to avoid the effect of speckle noise.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm(GEP-NEN)

Objective： The aim of the study was to analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm （GEP-NEN） and to explore the prognostic factors for patients and differences of immunohisto- chemical markers between neuroendocrine tumor （NET） and neuroendocrine carcinoma （NEC）. Methods： Retrospective reviews were conducted for the charts of 119 patients with GEP-NEN at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University （China） from August 2003 to December 2013. Kaplan-Meier method was used to do the overall survivals analysis for the patients at different levels of predictive factors. Meanwhile, Cox proportional hazard model was used to select independent risk factors of surJival. Analysis of variance was used to compare the expression of immunohistochemical markers among different patho- logical grades. Results：Among 119 patients, pancreas （45/119, 37.82%） and rectum （33/119, 27.73%） were mostly involved. The onset age of GEP-NEN in female group was younger than that of the male group. There were 13 deaths （10.92%） during 18.9 （0.1-133.4） months follow-up period. Multivariate analysis indicated that neural invasion, gender and pathological grades of NET and NEC were independent risk factors. In neuroendocrine neoplasm （NEN）, Syn expression in G2 was higher than G1 and G3, while CgA showed no significant difference. All markers showed no significant differences between NET and NEC. Conclusion： GEP-NEN may occur at multiple sites of digestive system and lack specific clinical manifestations. Syn expression detected for the prognosis of G1, G2 and G3 tumors have clinical significance. Neural invasion, sex and patho- logical grades were independent prognostic factors for GEP-NEN patients. No significant difference was found in different pathological grades of NET and NEC.

Histochemical study of the pre- and postnatal development of acetylcholinesterase in the rat spinal cord

The distribution of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)-positive structures in the developing rat spinal cord was studied with AChE-histochemistry.AChE-positive perikarya were first seen on embryonic day 14(E14) in the ventrolateral portion of the spinal cord.From that time onward.AChE=containing cells appeared gradually in the intermediate gray,dorsal horn and lateral spinal nucleus of the spinal cord in a ventral-to-dorsal,and lateral-to-medial order.No obvious rostral-to-caudal sequence was found.At birth,the distribution pattern of AChE-positive perikarya was basically similar to that in adults.After birth a dramatic increase in the AChE staining intensity extended from postnatal day 5(P5) to postnatal day 21(P21),In addition,two phases of transient AChE staining were observed in the external surface of the dorsal horn from embryonic day 15(E15) to embryonic day 21(E21) and in the marginal layer from embryonic day 21(E21) to postnatal day 14(P14),respectively.

EXPRESSION OF P53 GENE IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AND ITS RELATION WITH CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS

One hundred and eleven cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were examined for overexpression of p53 protein by using immunohistochemical technique. Association between p53 protein overexpression and clinical and pathological parameters as well as prognosis of patients were also analyzed. p53 protein overexpression was commonly observed (69. 4%) in OSCC and may be used as a marker of carcinogenesis of OSCC. The level of p53 protein overexpression is correlated with the lower three and five-year survival rate of OSCC. The presence or absence of p53 overexpression was not correlated with sex, age, site of tumor, size of tumor, degree of differentiation,node status,and clinical stage in OSCC. Single factor COX proportional hazards regression model analysis indicated that there was no significant association between p53 overexpression and prognosis of OSCC. Multivariable COX model analysis failed to establish effective life function or risk rate function. These showed that all the parameters analyzed in this study as well as p53 overexpression were not significant and effective risk factors of prognosis for patients with OSCC.

Interpretations of St. Francis of Assisi in the 20th Century： Philosophical-Anthropological Perspective

The article deals with investigating and comparing key modern and postmodern interpretations of St. Francis of Assisi from a philosophical-anthropological perspective. We determine these interpretations to be as follows： a man of wonder and lover of wisdom, in other words, a true philosopher; hero of all times; defender of the poverty and poor; “champion of liberty”; peace-maker and pacifist; God＇s troubadour; patron of nature and animals. All of these manifestations of St. Francis＇ personality have been enriched by his Christocentrism and joyful vision. Moreover, this can be traced in primary sources and also echoes in the late modern period. Postmodernity not only incorporated similar motives into the cultural space with new focus and accent, but it also put forward some new visions. St. Francis was postulated as God＇s Fool, not so much in the medieval as in the postmodern sense of foolishness and madness as a way of interaction with the absurd and puzzle-like world in which we live. It also reconciles traditional opposition between joy and laughter as inner feelings and outward emotions within the frame of the postmodern Divine Comedy.