西尔维奥·R·韦斯伯(Silvio R.Waisbord)博士毕业于美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校社会学系,现为美国乔治华盛顿大学媒介和公共事务学院教授,2008-2014年担任学术期刊International Journal of Press/Politics主编,2015-2019年担任...西尔维奥·R·韦斯伯(Silvio R.Waisbord)博士毕业于美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校社会学系,现为美国乔治华盛顿大学媒介和公共事务学院教授,2008-2014年担任学术期刊International Journal of Press/Politics主编,2015-2019年担任学术期刊Journal of Communication主编,他用英语和西班牙语发表了上百篇学术文章,担任英语和西班牙语多份学术期刊编委会成员和审稿人,主要学术兴趣为媒介社会学、新闻专业主义、全球媒体等。2018年1月6日至11日,他受中国人民大学新闻学院之邀,首次踏足中国,跟中国学者们进行了面对面的学术交流。本刊趁此机会对他进行了专访,对谈他的研究心得与学术经验,以飨读者。展开更多
Objective： This study aims to explore the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of gastric cancer patients with metachronous ovarian metastasis. Methods： Clinicopathologic data were collected from...Objective： This study aims to explore the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of gastric cancer patients with metachronous ovarian metastasis. Methods： Clinicopathologic data were collected from 63 post-operative gastric cancer patients with metachronous ovarian metastasis. The patients were admitted to the Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College between January 1999 and December 2011. A log-rank test was conducted for survival analysis. Possible prognostic factors that affect survival were examined by univariate analysis. A Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results： The incidence of ovarian metastasis was 3.4% with a mean age of 45 years. Up to 65.1% of the patients were pre- menopausal. The mean interval between ovarian metastasis and primary cancer was 16 months. Lowly differentiated carcinoma ranked first in the primary gastric cancers. The majority of lesions occurred in the serous membrane （87.3%）. The metastatic sites included Nz.3 lymph nodes （68.3%）, bilateral ovaries （85.7%）, and peritoneal membrane （73%）. Total resection of metastatic sites was performed （31.7%）. The overall median survival was 13.6 months, whereas the overall 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 52.5%, 22.0%, and 9.8%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was zero. Univariate analysis showed that the patient prognosis was correlated with metastatic peritoneal seeding, vascular tumor embolus, range of lesion excision, and mode of comprehensive treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy （P〈0.05）. Multivariate analysis indicated that metastatic peritoneal seeding was an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients with ovarian metastasis （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Effective control of peritoneal seeding--induced metastasis is important for improving the prognosis of gastric cancer patients with ovarian metastasis.展开更多
AIMS To evaluate clinically the surgical procedures and their in- fluence on the prognosis of extrahepatic bile duct cancer. METHODS A total of 55 patients with pathologically and clini- cally verified extrahepatic bi...AIMS To evaluate clinically the surgical procedures and their in- fluence on the prognosis of extrahepatic bile duct cancer. METHODS A total of 55 patients with pathologically and clini- cally verified extrahepatic bile duct cancer treated in our depart- ment between January 1984 and December 1993 were retrospec- tively analyzed.Clinical courses with respect to the surgical pro- cedures employed and the survival period of these patients were followed up and compared. RESLUTS Of these patients,24 involved the upper third of ex- trahepatic biliary tract,12 the middle third,and 19 the lower third.Diagnosis of bile duct cancer was confirmed histopatholo- gically in 42 patients,with a clear predominance of adenocarcino- ma(97.6 percent).Eleven(26.2 percent)patients received cu- rative resection;30 received palliative procedures,i.e.,biliary- enteric bypass(n=14)and external drainage(n=16);6 re- ceived permanent PTCD alone and 8 received exploratory laparo- tomy only or conservative treatment.Forty-eight patients(87.3 percent)were followedup.The overall mean survival period was 10.8±9.7months(±s);patients with curative resection had the longest survival period(21.4±16.7 months,±s,P<0. 01)and highest survival rate(P<0.05);a significant survival difference was observed in patients with biliary-enteric anastomo- sis compared with those with external drainage,ect.(P<0. 05);but there was no significant difference in survival period be- tween patients having PTCD(n=23)and not(n=26)prior to surgery(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Curactive resection is the treatment of choice for suitable patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer;biliary-en- teric anastomosis is preferable in those with unresectable tumor in order to improve the prognosis and quality of life.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the patterns and decisive prognostic factors for local recurrence of rectal cancer treated with a multidisciplinary team(MDT) modality.METHODS:Ninety patients with local recurrence were studied,out ...AIM:To investigate the patterns and decisive prognostic factors for local recurrence of rectal cancer treated with a multidisciplinary team(MDT) modality.METHODS:Ninety patients with local recurrence were studied,out of 1079 consecutive rectal cancer patients who underwent curative surgery from 1999 to 2007.For each patient,the recurrence pattern was assessed by specialist radiologists from the MDT using imaging,and the treatment strategy was decided after discussion by the MDT.The associations between clinicopathological factors and long-term outcomes were evaluated using both univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS:The recurrence pattern was classified as follows:Twenty-seven(30%) recurrent tumors were evaluated as axial type,21(23.3%) were anterior type,8(8.9%) were posterior type,and 13(25.6%) were lateral type.Forty-one patients had tumors that were evaluated as resectable by the MDT and ultimately received surgery,and R0 resection was achieved in 36(87.8%) of these patients.The recurrence pattern was closely associated with resectability and R0 resection rate(P < 0.001).The recurrence pattern,interval to recurrence,and R0 resection were significantly associated with 5-year survival rate in univariate analysis.Multivariate analysis showed that the R0 resection was the unique independent factor affecting long-term survival.CONCLUSION:The MDT modality improves patient selection for surgery by enabling accurate classification of the recurrence pattern;R0 resection is the most significant factor affecting long-term survival.展开更多
The centurial study in ancient Chinese literary theory has gained certain achievements, which is embodied in the reorganization of materials, the construction of subject, and the establishment of system. However, some...The centurial study in ancient Chinese literary theory has gained certain achievements, which is embodied in the reorganization of materials, the construction of subject, and the establishment of system. However, some problems, including literary aphasia, objectified objectivism and de-contextualization, have revealed during our rethinking of Westernization, scientism and systematism, showing that we have been trapped by Western-centralism, scientism and post-colonialism. Faced with the demand from modem knowledge pattern of de-sinicization, de-contextualization and de-subjectification, we propose reconstruction strategies of re-sinicization and re-pragmatism in order to provide theoretical conception of rebuilding modem system for ancient literary theory study.展开更多
This paper takes into consideration the doctrinal positions that are taken by Italian accounting in the period between the 19th and the 20th century, and concerns the nature of relationships between accounting and its...This paper takes into consideration the doctrinal positions that are taken by Italian accounting in the period between the 19th and the 20th century, and concerns the nature of relationships between accounting and its most similar sciences, particularly economics. Over those years, the scholars in that field started to show a peculiar epistemological sensitivity. Spurred by the philosophical debate which was raised by positivism and particularly by Comte＇s and Spencer＇s studies, researchers wondered whether the most appropriate place for accounting was in the large field of social sciences. Hence, two different epistemological approaches arose with one succeeding the other in time. Initially, scholars accepted the idea that accounting somehow depended on its related sciences, which included economics. They deemed it convenient to use, also for their own purposes, principles drawn from contiguous doctrines that had already been scientifically recognized, such as economics. That was how Italian accounting happened to be, even though temporarily, in a position of ＂scientific subjection＂ with respect to the mentioned doctrines. At the second stage, due to the awareness of the specific subject and the method of investigation, as well as the purposes, Italian accounting claimed its own scientific autonomy, so scholars went back to the first phase and considered it necessary to develop internal principles and rules as a function of its peculiar needs. By doing so, scholars mapped out a route that would deeply mark the future of the discipline by making it fully independent on other fields of knowledge in a sort of emancipation process. The paper will not only describe the two theoretical positions which are summarized above, but will also adopt an interpretative approach to trace their possible causes and to grasp their effects on the development of the discipline, particularly with regards to the theories of value which is adopted by the Italian accounting over the analyzed period. In the authors＇ opinion, the attention paid by the most authoritative Italian accounting scholars to the epistemological theme of relationships between accounting and its similar sciences can be explained by at least two different causes： the influence which is exercised by the philosophical studies and the aspiration of accounting for scientific and academic recognition.展开更多
文摘西尔维奥·R·韦斯伯(Silvio R.Waisbord)博士毕业于美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校社会学系,现为美国乔治华盛顿大学媒介和公共事务学院教授,2008-2014年担任学术期刊International Journal of Press/Politics主编,2015-2019年担任学术期刊Journal of Communication主编,他用英语和西班牙语发表了上百篇学术文章,担任英语和西班牙语多份学术期刊编委会成员和审稿人,主要学术兴趣为媒介社会学、新闻专业主义、全球媒体等。2018年1月6日至11日,他受中国人民大学新闻学院之邀,首次踏足中国,跟中国学者们进行了面对面的学术交流。本刊趁此机会对他进行了专访,对谈他的研究心得与学术经验,以飨读者。
文摘Objective： This study aims to explore the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of gastric cancer patients with metachronous ovarian metastasis. Methods： Clinicopathologic data were collected from 63 post-operative gastric cancer patients with metachronous ovarian metastasis. The patients were admitted to the Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College between January 1999 and December 2011. A log-rank test was conducted for survival analysis. Possible prognostic factors that affect survival were examined by univariate analysis. A Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results： The incidence of ovarian metastasis was 3.4% with a mean age of 45 years. Up to 65.1% of the patients were pre- menopausal. The mean interval between ovarian metastasis and primary cancer was 16 months. Lowly differentiated carcinoma ranked first in the primary gastric cancers. The majority of lesions occurred in the serous membrane （87.3%）. The metastatic sites included Nz.3 lymph nodes （68.3%）, bilateral ovaries （85.7%）, and peritoneal membrane （73%）. Total resection of metastatic sites was performed （31.7%）. The overall median survival was 13.6 months, whereas the overall 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 52.5%, 22.0%, and 9.8%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was zero. Univariate analysis showed that the patient prognosis was correlated with metastatic peritoneal seeding, vascular tumor embolus, range of lesion excision, and mode of comprehensive treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy （P〈0.05）. Multivariate analysis indicated that metastatic peritoneal seeding was an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients with ovarian metastasis （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Effective control of peritoneal seeding--induced metastasis is important for improving the prognosis of gastric cancer patients with ovarian metastasis.
文摘AIMS To evaluate clinically the surgical procedures and their in- fluence on the prognosis of extrahepatic bile duct cancer. METHODS A total of 55 patients with pathologically and clini- cally verified extrahepatic bile duct cancer treated in our depart- ment between January 1984 and December 1993 were retrospec- tively analyzed.Clinical courses with respect to the surgical pro- cedures employed and the survival period of these patients were followed up and compared. RESLUTS Of these patients,24 involved the upper third of ex- trahepatic biliary tract,12 the middle third,and 19 the lower third.Diagnosis of bile duct cancer was confirmed histopatholo- gically in 42 patients,with a clear predominance of adenocarcino- ma(97.6 percent).Eleven(26.2 percent)patients received cu- rative resection;30 received palliative procedures,i.e.,biliary- enteric bypass(n=14)and external drainage(n=16);6 re- ceived permanent PTCD alone and 8 received exploratory laparo- tomy only or conservative treatment.Forty-eight patients(87.3 percent)were followedup.The overall mean survival period was 10.8±9.7months(±s);patients with curative resection had the longest survival period(21.4±16.7 months,±s,P<0. 01)and highest survival rate(P<0.05);a significant survival difference was observed in patients with biliary-enteric anastomo- sis compared with those with external drainage,ect.(P<0. 05);but there was no significant difference in survival period be- tween patients having PTCD(n=23)and not(n=26)prior to surgery(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Curactive resection is the treatment of choice for suitable patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer;biliary-en- teric anastomosis is preferable in those with unresectable tumor in order to improve the prognosis and quality of life.
文摘AIM:To investigate the patterns and decisive prognostic factors for local recurrence of rectal cancer treated with a multidisciplinary team(MDT) modality.METHODS:Ninety patients with local recurrence were studied,out of 1079 consecutive rectal cancer patients who underwent curative surgery from 1999 to 2007.For each patient,the recurrence pattern was assessed by specialist radiologists from the MDT using imaging,and the treatment strategy was decided after discussion by the MDT.The associations between clinicopathological factors and long-term outcomes were evaluated using both univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS:The recurrence pattern was classified as follows:Twenty-seven(30%) recurrent tumors were evaluated as axial type,21(23.3%) were anterior type,8(8.9%) were posterior type,and 13(25.6%) were lateral type.Forty-one patients had tumors that were evaluated as resectable by the MDT and ultimately received surgery,and R0 resection was achieved in 36(87.8%) of these patients.The recurrence pattern was closely associated with resectability and R0 resection rate(P < 0.001).The recurrence pattern,interval to recurrence,and R0 resection were significantly associated with 5-year survival rate in univariate analysis.Multivariate analysis showed that the R0 resection was the unique independent factor affecting long-term survival.CONCLUSION:The MDT modality improves patient selection for surgery by enabling accurate classification of the recurrence pattern;R0 resection is the most significant factor affecting long-term survival.
文摘The centurial study in ancient Chinese literary theory has gained certain achievements, which is embodied in the reorganization of materials, the construction of subject, and the establishment of system. However, some problems, including literary aphasia, objectified objectivism and de-contextualization, have revealed during our rethinking of Westernization, scientism and systematism, showing that we have been trapped by Western-centralism, scientism and post-colonialism. Faced with the demand from modem knowledge pattern of de-sinicization, de-contextualization and de-subjectification, we propose reconstruction strategies of re-sinicization and re-pragmatism in order to provide theoretical conception of rebuilding modem system for ancient literary theory study.
文摘This paper takes into consideration the doctrinal positions that are taken by Italian accounting in the period between the 19th and the 20th century, and concerns the nature of relationships between accounting and its most similar sciences, particularly economics. Over those years, the scholars in that field started to show a peculiar epistemological sensitivity. Spurred by the philosophical debate which was raised by positivism and particularly by Comte＇s and Spencer＇s studies, researchers wondered whether the most appropriate place for accounting was in the large field of social sciences. Hence, two different epistemological approaches arose with one succeeding the other in time. Initially, scholars accepted the idea that accounting somehow depended on its related sciences, which included economics. They deemed it convenient to use, also for their own purposes, principles drawn from contiguous doctrines that had already been scientifically recognized, such as economics. That was how Italian accounting happened to be, even though temporarily, in a position of ＂scientific subjection＂ with respect to the mentioned doctrines. At the second stage, due to the awareness of the specific subject and the method of investigation, as well as the purposes, Italian accounting claimed its own scientific autonomy, so scholars went back to the first phase and considered it necessary to develop internal principles and rules as a function of its peculiar needs. By doing so, scholars mapped out a route that would deeply mark the future of the discipline by making it fully independent on other fields of knowledge in a sort of emancipation process. The paper will not only describe the two theoretical positions which are summarized above, but will also adopt an interpretative approach to trace their possible causes and to grasp their effects on the development of the discipline, particularly with regards to the theories of value which is adopted by the Italian accounting over the analyzed period. In the authors＇ opinion, the attention paid by the most authoritative Italian accounting scholars to the epistemological theme of relationships between accounting and its similar sciences can be explained by at least two different causes： the influence which is exercised by the philosophical studies and the aspiration of accounting for scientific and academic recognition.
