研究长保质期酸乳的均质及后杀菌过程对变性淀粉颗粒形态的影响。结果表明：随均质温度的升高,均质压力的增大,淀粉破碎逐渐增多,最佳均质温度60~63℃,均质压力15~20 MPa;超高温（ultra high temperature,UHT）管道压力能促进淀粉的进...研究长保质期酸乳的均质及后杀菌过程对变性淀粉颗粒形态的影响。结果表明：随均质温度的升高,均质压力的增大,淀粉破碎逐渐增多,最佳均质温度60~63℃,均质压力15~20 MPa;超高温（ultra high temperature,UHT）管道压力能促进淀粉的进一步膨胀,随着管道压力的增大和回流次数的增加,淀粉颗粒逐渐增大甚至破裂,最大管道压力为7 bar;随着UHT杀菌温度的逐渐提高,淀粉破碎逐渐增多,最高杀菌温度为80℃。展开更多
The capability of yeast Trichosporon sp., an antagonist isolated from peach fruit, in biological control was evaluated in apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji) fruits, when inoculated with different concentr...The capability of yeast Trichosporon sp., an antagonist isolated from peach fruit, in biological control was evaluated in apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji) fruits, when inoculated with different concentrations of Botrytis cinerea Pers. and Penicillium expansum (Link) Thom, as well as in combination with calcium and fungicide. The concentrations of the yeast cells and pathogen spores obviously influenced disease incidence and lesion development in apples. There was a significant negative correlation between concentrations of the yeast cells and infectivity of the pathogens. When the yeast cell suspensions reached the concentration of 10 8 colony_forming units (CFU) /mL, there was no infection caused by B. cinerea and P. expansum with spore concentrations below 10 6 spores/mL in apple fruits. The yeast at concentrations of 10 6-10 7 CFU/mL in combination with fungicide (iprodione at 50 μL/L) provided control of decay caused by B. cinerea and P. expansum better than separate application. Effect of controlling gray mould and blue mould rots was enhanced when Trichosporon sp., even at low concentration of 10 5 CFU/mL, was applied in the presence of 1%-2% CaCl 2 in an aqueous suspension.展开更多
Konjac （Amorphophallus muelleri）, a genus of tuberous plants in the Araceae family, is one of high-value crops in Southwest China. This study aimed at identifying the main pathogens causing tuber rot during storage ...Konjac （Amorphophallus muelleri）, a genus of tuberous plants in the Araceae family, is one of high-value crops in Southwest China. This study aimed at identifying the main pathogens causing tuber rot during storage ofA. muelleri and screening the effective fungicides, so as to prolong the storage period ofA. muelleri and decrease the losses. Isolation and identification, as well as pathogenicity test and retro-inoculation experiments were made for the pathogen causing tuber rot during storage ofA. muelleri in Kunming city, Yunnan province, China. The effective fungicides for the main pathogens were also screened in the laboratory. Six fungi were identified as the pathogens causing tuber rot of A. muelleri, which were Fusarium solani （Mart,） Sacc., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht., Botrytis cinerea Pers., Alternaria alternata （Fr.） Keissl., Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb., Penicillium ulaiense Hsieh, Su ＆ Tzean. The main pathogens causing postharvest diseases ofA. muelleri were F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea. The isolation frequencies of them were 33.9%, 10.5% and 19.4%, respectively. After artificial inoculation, the incidence of tubers infected by F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea was 100%, 83% and 95%, respectively. The results of chemical screening showed that, in potato dextrose agar （PDA） media plate, the compounds Fludioxonil （50% WP） and Boscalid （50% WG） were the most effective in controlling the three main pathogens, and the average effect reached more than 97%. The test of fungicidal antisepsis on tubers consisted ofA. muelleri being dipped in the 9,000x diluted solution of Fludioxonil （50% WP） or in the 3,500x diluted solution of Boscalid （50% WG） for 3 min and stored at room temperature （25 ℃） for 7 d and 15 d, respectively. The fungicidal effects of Fludioxonil against F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea for 7 d and 15 d were 88.6%/83.2%, 90.1%/84.7% and 93.0%/91.5%, respectively, whereas the fungicidal effects of Boscalid were 87.0%/85.3%, 89.0%/85.6% and 89.2%/89.1%, respectively. The results may provide useful information for the control ofpostharvest diseases ofA. muelleri.展开更多
文摘研究长保质期酸乳的均质及后杀菌过程对变性淀粉颗粒形态的影响。结果表明：随均质温度的升高,均质压力的增大,淀粉破碎逐渐增多,最佳均质温度60~63℃,均质压力15~20 MPa;超高温（ultra high temperature,UHT）管道压力能促进淀粉的进一步膨胀,随着管道压力的增大和回流次数的增加,淀粉颗粒逐渐增大甚至破裂,最大管道压力为7 bar;随着UHT杀菌温度的逐渐提高,淀粉破碎逐渐增多,最高杀菌温度为80℃。
文摘The capability of yeast Trichosporon sp., an antagonist isolated from peach fruit, in biological control was evaluated in apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji) fruits, when inoculated with different concentrations of Botrytis cinerea Pers. and Penicillium expansum (Link) Thom, as well as in combination with calcium and fungicide. The concentrations of the yeast cells and pathogen spores obviously influenced disease incidence and lesion development in apples. There was a significant negative correlation between concentrations of the yeast cells and infectivity of the pathogens. When the yeast cell suspensions reached the concentration of 10 8 colony_forming units (CFU) /mL, there was no infection caused by B. cinerea and P. expansum with spore concentrations below 10 6 spores/mL in apple fruits. The yeast at concentrations of 10 6-10 7 CFU/mL in combination with fungicide (iprodione at 50 μL/L) provided control of decay caused by B. cinerea and P. expansum better than separate application. Effect of controlling gray mould and blue mould rots was enhanced when Trichosporon sp., even at low concentration of 10 5 CFU/mL, was applied in the presence of 1%-2% CaCl 2 in an aqueous suspension.
基金This research was supported by the Science Foundation No. 2011FZ 178, 2011FZ 180, 2014HD004, 14C26215303260 and National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） No. 31260073, 31340019, 31160412, 41361056.
文摘Konjac （Amorphophallus muelleri）, a genus of tuberous plants in the Araceae family, is one of high-value crops in Southwest China. This study aimed at identifying the main pathogens causing tuber rot during storage ofA. muelleri and screening the effective fungicides, so as to prolong the storage period ofA. muelleri and decrease the losses. Isolation and identification, as well as pathogenicity test and retro-inoculation experiments were made for the pathogen causing tuber rot during storage ofA. muelleri in Kunming city, Yunnan province, China. The effective fungicides for the main pathogens were also screened in the laboratory. Six fungi were identified as the pathogens causing tuber rot of A. muelleri, which were Fusarium solani （Mart,） Sacc., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht., Botrytis cinerea Pers., Alternaria alternata （Fr.） Keissl., Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb., Penicillium ulaiense Hsieh, Su ＆ Tzean. The main pathogens causing postharvest diseases ofA. muelleri were F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea. The isolation frequencies of them were 33.9%, 10.5% and 19.4%, respectively. After artificial inoculation, the incidence of tubers infected by F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea was 100%, 83% and 95%, respectively. The results of chemical screening showed that, in potato dextrose agar （PDA） media plate, the compounds Fludioxonil （50% WP） and Boscalid （50% WG） were the most effective in controlling the three main pathogens, and the average effect reached more than 97%. The test of fungicidal antisepsis on tubers consisted ofA. muelleri being dipped in the 9,000x diluted solution of Fludioxonil （50% WP） or in the 3,500x diluted solution of Boscalid （50% WG） for 3 min and stored at room temperature （25 ℃） for 7 d and 15 d, respectively. The fungicidal effects of Fludioxonil against F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea for 7 d and 15 d were 88.6%/83.2%, 90.1%/84.7% and 93.0%/91.5%, respectively, whereas the fungicidal effects of Boscalid were 87.0%/85.3%, 89.0%/85.6% and 89.2%/89.1%, respectively. The results may provide useful information for the control ofpostharvest diseases ofA. muelleri.
