从民族的民主到后民族民主——哈贝马斯民主理论析论

如何在多民族国家和地区建设一种民主政治,这是一个难题。哈贝马斯以欧盟为场域,探讨了全球化和多元化背景下建设民主政治的机制和路径。民主需要认同,但后民族民主的认同不可能通过特定的民族文化来培养,而只能通过宪政文化,通过公民参与权利和交往权利的实践来培养。哈贝马斯"双轨制"协商民主制度一是通过公共领域建立起公民的跨国联系,二是通过正式制度和非正式制度的互动把公民与超国家决策中心联系起来,然后,通过法律和制度把在公共领域形成的"交往权力"转换为行政权力,其实质是要建立起所谓的"欧盟人民的民主"。

哈贝马斯论世界共同体及其构建

在哈贝马斯庞大的思想体系中,关于世界共同体的思想是其中重要的组成部分,也是当代人类日益成为一个命运共同体的新情况下特别值得整理、发掘和弘扬的。他从民族国家形成、取得的成就和面临的问题深刻揭示了构建世界共同体的必然性和紧迫性,并提供了如何构建世界共同体的方案。哈贝马斯的世界共同体思想是与自古以来思想家和政治家的各种＂世界大同＂思想一脉相承的,是当代人类和世界各国政府必须认真对待的使世界走向永久和平和人类走出生存危机的最具现实性的可供选择的理论和方案。

Inarticulateness, Power and Ethnic identity On Jorge Luis Borges＇ The Gospel According to Mark

This paper attempts to focus on Jorge Luis Borges’ short story The Gospel according To Mark. Borges, an Argentina short storywriter and translator, whose motherland is under long-term western colonization, identifi es himself unconsciously with the western culture. Hisworks mostly touch upon the themes of religion and philosophy. Along with post-colonialism theory’s springing up, critics began to analyze hisworks from the post-colonial perspective. The author thinks that this short story with religious implication parallels to the cultural invasion in theperiod of colonization, from powerful culture to weaker one. The author, thus, aims to use Michael Foucault’s viewpoints concerning power andknowledge to probe into the western cultural hegemony and ideological invasion refl ected in this story. Besides, the loss and construction of theethnic identity of the colonized will be discussed in details.