后现代主义的伦理学启示

后现代主义对西方现代社会的批评是中肯而深刻的,伦理学是他们所涉及的一个重要研究领域。尽管其在研究主题和方法是相对零散的,但因为他们面对着一些共同的问题,因而综合研究其学术成果对于伦理学的发展具有重要的理论意义。后现代主义针对西方社会的批判可以归结为祛除伦理的三大社会机制,其对现代伦理学的批判则直指其理论上的内在矛盾。后现代主义从现实和理论两个层面对现代伦理学的解构,一定意义上揭示了西方现代伦理学异化的必然性,并启示着未来伦理学的发展方向。

舞台剧《疯狂电视台2》的后现代主义特征探析

近几年,受后现代主义思潮的影响,越来越多的高雅舞台剧也逐渐走向平民化、娱乐化,出现了许多爆笑喜剧类型的舞台剧。2012年王伟忠监制的爆笑舞台剧《疯狂电视台》在内地掀起一股收视热潮后,随后又推出了《疯狂电视台2》,也引起了广泛关注。就《疯狂电视台2》本身所呈现的艺术而言,不论是艺术形式、艺术内容还是传播方式,都充斥着十分鲜明的后现代主义色彩,构成了自身独特的标签。具体表现为:一、颠覆性;二、不确定性;三、娱乐性与大众化。

《廊桥遗梦》中后现代女性主义的体现

20世纪80年代后期,在女性主义内部出现了一种后现代转向的趋势,形成了后现代女性主义。这一时期出现了许多优秀的后现代主义文学作品,《廊桥遗梦》就是其中之一。故事讲述了一对人到中年的情侣的爱情,一次不期的偶遇让两个人找到了真爱,然而命运又残酷地将他们分开。文中将从后现代女性主义这个视角解读《廊桥遗梦》,通过分析女主人公弗朗西丝卡所面临的矛盾与困惑来探讨后现代女性主义在故事中的体现。

Interpretation of absurdity by intertextuality： Comments on Donald Barthelme＇s The glass mountain

The paper focuses on the analysis of the intertexts to show the reality hidden inside Barthelme＇s The glass mountain. Barthelme is a representative of postmodernism. He employs typical writing skills, such as collage, fragments and discontinuous narratives, in The glass mountain to illustrate absurdity in the text. As a centerpiece of postmodernism, this fiction can be correctly interpreted by the way of intertextuality, which is a key to reveal the text＇s absurdity. Through such comparison, readers can understand that the purpose of absurd writing is to demonstrate reality in the modern world.

Stephen King or the Literature of Non-exhaustion

This paper focuses on Stephen King＇s （1947-） long-form narratives and attempts at perceiving the elements accounting for his endless success. As the author chooses this title for her paper, she clearly keep in mind John Barth＇s （1930-） essay. The choice of ＂punning＂ Barth＇s title is made so as to situate ourselves in the wake of postmodernist studies to try and analyze King＇s deconstruction and reconstruction of common ideas, myths, and the Gothic genre, applying them to the contemporary era. The choice of this angle of study is accounted by the fact that the aim is to prove that King has not literarily exhausted himself in spite of his 37 years of writing and is in a constant quest for a renewal of the Gothic genre. The notion of remolding is one of the red threads allowing to weave the intricate cloth of postmodernism. The author will here humbly try to unveil the essential elements perceived in King＇s narratives which allow to qualify him as ＂a postmodern writer＂.

The Pursuit of Happiness in the French Novel of the 20th-21st Centuries

Happiness, as much a poetic as a philosophical, sociological, and psychological concept, has been, through the ages, at the heart of the needs each individual seeks to fulfil. But today, in a world dominated by technology, driven by productivity and dictated by efficiency, what about Happiness？ Does it feature in works of fiction in any significant way？ May it not have adopted different guises？ ls that ＂duty of happiness＂ that Pascal Bruckner was talking about present in the French novel of the 20th-21th centuries？ And if it is, has its force strengthened or weakened？ This article will discuss the French Novels （of the 20th-21th centuries） that are devoted to or associated with Happiness in a direct or indirect manner. It will contextualize and analyze the transformation of Happiness, within the context of the historical and social events that influenced that period： the Holocaust, consumerism, postmodernism, structural social changes, the various as yet unarticulated new modes of life they created, and so on. To that end, this article will explore the discursive philosophical concept of happiness and its influence on the formation of the French novel. In so doing it will focus on the explicit discourse behind the motifs, the choices made in the process of writing, and the attitudes taken, considering the theme of happiness. Doing so, a significant discussion will be included regarding the paths of happiness, its agents, and the nature of the motifs and metaphors linked to the theme of happiness. The author will also address the dialectical role of the happiness theme in the constitution of an emerging literary discourse reflected in the French novel. By exploring the manifestation of the dogmas, ideas of the intellectual leaders of the 20th century （e.g., Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone De Beauvoir, Albert Camus） as well as the ones of the 21th century （e.g., Pascal Bruckner, Andr6 Comte-Sponville, Gilles Lipovetsky） new insights concerning the hybrid nature of the supposedly ＂authentic happiness＂ will be revealed. The author intend to inspect the theme of Happiness around four dialectical axes as a relevant ethical basis for delimiting the various fields of research： （1） Love, passion, and conjugality; （2） Ageing; （3） ＂The experience of everydayness＂; and （4） ＂The era of emptiness＂. Focusing on the narratives, the article takes into account their specificity in the four distinct fields, all connected to existential and ethical issues, Finally, this article will attempt to analyse the assumed role of literature as a conduit of cultural awareness.

sPatterns of Disease on Paul Auster＇s Timbuktu

Following the theory of Trauma as a critical approach, it is analyzed how Paul Auster＇ s Timbuktu shows up the maladies of the contemporary world with a parody of disease full of excess and somehow mocking at its own elements. It is a distorted version of infirmity, the way it used to appear in former works of literature. The device is a winkle to the reader to envisage whatever novel or story from a carefully distanced view, very much in the way that Postmodernist authors do but with the realistic use of the form that he regularly employs.

Paulo Coelho The Author＇s Quest as Reader of the World

Paulo Coelho＇s novels call into question the nature of the literary text and the act of reading in a post-Einsteinian world. Amidst the debate over his popular writings （Albanese; Ndagano）, the discussion turns to whether Coelho continues a poetics of narrative developed by Jorge Luis Borges. This paper explores how Coelho＇s work may depart from a reading of Borges, yet goes beyond it into what Bakhtin established as ＂the Einsteinian universe applied to literary studies＂, as posited by Stone （2008）. Coelho＇s work is affected by hypertexts, new ways of connecting and perceiving subjectivities, and cross-cultural pilgrimages. A hermeneutic reading of his novel, The Zahir： A Novel of Obsession （2005b）, allows us to delve into the Coelhian the notion of the zahir as a tensional metaphor （Ricouer） of world-making （Valdes）. This underscores the postmodern assumption of the author as just another reader, albeit an ably active one. Through the courageous act of making his reading（s） transparent through writing, he invites other readers into the dialectical presumptions of his world.

Constructing a New Polish Architecture： Critical Regionalism and Resistance to Globalization after 1989

This paper explores the critical regionalism which could play a role in the continued development of global era Polish architecture, and the advancements achieved by those few contemporary Polish architects who have sought to combine modern tastes and techniques with culturally meaningful designs. The new culture of Poland is very much reflected in the design of many of its new buildings that have been completed since the political and economic changes in 1989. The architecture of Poland appears to have lurched from an inappropriate socialist modernism that was so horridly imposed during the communist era to an equally inappropriate post modernist hegemony in the new enterprise culture. In accordance with Poland, now is rejection of the centrally imposed system of building and architecture, and with the greater emphasis on individual initiative in the new culture, it seems a pity that the country should automatically adopt western modes of architectural expression. This paper suggests that with its newly founded freedom, Poland should be careful that it does not suffer a loss of identity and that, in its architecture, it should seek a way forward through a critical regionalism.

Fusing the Postmodern and the Gothic to Rebirth Buried Child as the New Frankenstein

A multi-genre and interdisciplinary analysis that compares Sam Shepard＇s classic, Buried Child （1978）, to Mary Shelley＇s Gothic thriller, Frankenstein （2004）. This paper, using a comparative analysis of the texts （a play versus a novel）, argues that Shepard follows Shelley＇s theme and characters in order to frame and create his own even-more modern ＂Prometheus＂, a premise that Shelley borrows to center her novel and to establish the antagonistic origins of her monster-man. Shepard＇s splintered individuals all share a postmodern disillusionment, and as Shelley＇s novel establishes, it is a conflict brought on by an absent or emotionally-removed mother and a brutal father who denies or disavows the ＂child＂ he considers an abomination. Other themes that Shelley and Shepard＇s works have in common include infanticide, incest, a life built on lies, patricide, and an unnatural relationship with Nature.

Apocalypse and Body Transgression： On Picasso’s Crucifixion （1930）

The article deals with the question of the possibility of a new interpretation of Picasso’s picture entitled Crucifixion, which was created in the context of the art paradigm shift in the 1930s when the master focused his attention to the return to painting as a reference framework of myth and religion. But this return was only a turning point towards a modern understanding of the world and art from other sources. It should be noted that the problem of pictorial turn nowadays has a strong impact on the postmodern theology, which encompasses various cultural traditions, and also quite opposite philosophical attitudes. The article shows, thus, the inner relationship and connection between painting art and the search for transgression in the language that was the idea of Bataille. In the first part of this article, author tries to show the consequences of Bataille’s thinking of transgression; the second part has attempted to articulate the problems of interpretation of Picasso’s canvas Crucifixion; and concluding remarks is an attempt to review the emphasis on relationship with pictorial turn and transformations in the notion of contemporary art concerning the body as a sovereign event of the freedom and sacrifice.

Reality in Dutch Novels： Developing a Postmodern Literary-Based Ontology

The term ＂ontology＂ is used to describe the nature of reality and demarcates the parameters of existence. An understanding and description of ontology is crucial for academic pursuit as it unveils applicable realities, yet it is often disregarded. The general neglect of ontology provided three motivations for this paper： Firstly, the discussion of the ontological underpinnings in research papers is often neglected while the methodology and methods receive extensive review. Secondly, tertiary students in an academic research-writing course face tremendous difficulty to describe the philosophical ideas that support their interpretation of reality and existence. Thirdly, the philosophical underpinnings of contemporary ontological thought are further complicated by the epistemological challenges posed by the tension between modernism and postmodernism. This paper suggests the use of literature （novels） as a relativity accessible platform to initiate the development of ontological thought. Through a close reading of a sample of Dutch novels published during the last decade of the 20th century, three themes were developed to illuminate the nature of postmodem reality and establish a literary-based ontology. The following three themes were developed： reality as fragments of fiction, reality as dream of paradoxes, and reality as plethora of stories. By using literature as source, ontological thought can be developed to illuminate the extent of the realities acknowledged in research projects.

Border Shifting in Naomi Nye＇s Habibi

This paper investigates how the novel Habibi （1997） by the Arab-American writer Naomi Nye addresses the theme of border shifting from a postmodernist perspective that deconstructs the traditional view of borders meant to maintain exclusion and hegemony and instead considers them as being often flimsy, malleable, and changeable. Drawing upon her experience as a multifarious Arab-American writer whose father was a Palestinian immigrant and whose mother was an American, Nye tries to build bridges across political, national, cultural, and ethnic boundaries. Through a love story between the two protagonists （Liyana, whose father is a Palestinian-American and whose mother is American and Omer, whose parents are Jewish Israelis）, Nye endeavors to bring about a sense of harmony and understanding between the politically, ethnically, culturally, and racially separated J home whether in reality ews and Palestinians. At the end, Liyana＇s family realizes they can have more than one or in imagination.

The Influences of American Deep Image on the Third-Generation Poets in China

The Third-Generation Poetry of China （namely Post-misty Poetry too） initiated with the introduction of Western modernist poetry, especially sorts of American Post-modernist poetry schools into China. ＂The relation between American poetry and Chinese poetry has a long history, which lies in the influences on the creation of the Third-Generation poets. This influence is probably unprecedented in its depth and breadth.＂ ＂Irrational association＂ and ＂leaping images＂ proposed by American Deep Image poets influenced by Freudian and Jungian unconscious perception gained an extraordinary appreciation among the Third-Generation poets who were in pursuit constantly of the experiments on poetic form and language. This paper mainly discusses the influences of American Deep Image on the Third-Generation poets of China through a case study of WANG Yin and CHEN Dongdong＇s poems.

Subversive Abjection and Sublimity in Jeanette Winterson＇s Representation of the Fantastic A Study of The Passion and Sexing the Cherry

Looking at the last decades of the 19th and 20th century from our vantage point encourages parallels to be drawn between the two periods： in fact, both are affected by a process of cultural fragmentation, social, and epistemological transformations and crises that permeate the whole civil society. In the specific field of English literature, the genre of the fantastic is undoubtedly a common presence. In Fantasy： The Literature of Subversion, Jackson （1981） noted the re-emergence of the fantastic as a transgressive force at moments of cultural stress and repression. Waugh （1995） held a similar view in The Harvest of the Sixties. At the end of the 20th century, in its postmodernist shape, fantastic literature becomes one of the favourite genres of a number of feminist writers, and among them, Jeanette Winterson transforms it into a truly transgressive genre. This paper examines Winterson＇s The Passion （1996） and Sexing the Cherry （1990） in the light of Jackson＇s theory of the fantastic, as a narrative that establishes an oppositional dialogic relationship with the ＂real＂, to interrogate it and collapse the traditional distinction between the normative and the ＂other＂. In The Passion, the real is signified by the dominant ideological discourse, exemplified by Napoleon; the fantastic by Villanelle＇s webbed feet and her ability to walk on water. In Sexing the Cherry, the real is represented by the Puritans with their bigoted and hypocritical morality; the fantastic by the huge Dog-Woman and her foundling son, Jordan. Besides, in both novels, the female body is metamorphosed to challenge the view of a ＂normal＂, acceptable femininity; what emerges is a monstrous and sublime body that collapses distinctions between gender boundaries. In Sexing the Cherry （1990）, Winterson created the grotesque, gigantic body of the Dog-Woman, a figure of Kristevan ＂abjection＂. In The Passion （1996）, she gave life to the hybrid body of Villanelle, an oxymoronic combination of the terrible beautiful. The conclusion of the paper argues that Winterson deploys the fantastic to deconstruct the gendered subject of the dominant signifying order and create a dislocated world outside commercial culture, where new voices can be heard, speaking for unheard, neglected groups, particularly women.

A Study of Parody in The Adventures of Augie March

The Adventures of Augie March （2006） has been approached from various perspectives by critics since its publication. It has been studied from the point of view of culture, religion, history, modernism, postmodemism, and various schools of literary theories, while the use of parody in this novel was comparatively ignored. Through close reading of the novel, the present study finds that in one of his important novels, The Adventures of Augie March, by the use of parody of Augie＇s opposition to various influences with Jacob＇s fight with God, Saul Bellow successfully presents Augie as an image sticking stubbornly to ＂truth, love, peace, bounty, usefulness, harmony＂ and saying perpetually ＂no＂ to persuaders of all kinds of immoral influences, thus providing a more comprehensive reading of the novel.

Mexican Identity on YouTube： A Youngsters＇ User Approach

The work at hand analyzes the visibility of cultural identity of＂Mexico＂ on the YouTube platform （Retrieved from http：//www.youtube.com）. It is focused on qualitative and quantitative analyses of a sampling of 80 videos that appear when the word ＂Mexico＂ is applied in various search formats within the site itself. User profile is also analyzed, along with video title, labels, date of upload, length, view count, thematic category, and commentaries. From this sampling of videos, an analysis is made upon the cultural identity of ＂Mexico＂ within a postmodernist framework of multicultural, fragmented, and decentralized identities （Friedman, 1994）, parting from the theory of cultural hybridization （Pieterse, 2004）, and under the logic of a media convergent culture （Jenkins, 2004a）.

＂Postmodern Politics＂ and the Reconstruction of Marxist Critical Discourse

Marxist discourse is subject to incredulity and negative impact under the deconstructionist dissolution of＂totality＂ and negation of historical ＂recta-narrative＂. But the ideological tension of Marxism has constituted the theoretical basis of deconstructionist and postmodernist criticism of Capitalism and its culture. Furthermore, it is the radical hope of postmodernism. Within the scope of＂postmodern politics＂, Marxism still boasts critical competence and theoretical reconstruction capabilities under Capitalist global narrative. ＂Deconstructive Marxism＂ contains complex ideological contradictions, on which we should conduct in-depth criticism.

Organizational Leadership in a Postmodern World： Practical Implications for Contemporary Religious Leaders

We live in an increasingly postmodern society. American Christianity, however, is imbued in a modem---even pre-modern--paradigm. As a result, many contemporary religious leaders find it difficult to communicate with their postmodern constituents, as evidenced by declining attendance rates and religious affiliation. The present study explores this dilemma by offering potential implications for contemporary religious leaders to communicate more effectively with emerging/emergent generation（s）. The author begins this exploration, first, by outlining the philosophical tenants of postmodemism： its epistemological, ontological, and axiological assumptions. Second, the author delineates several key characteristics of postmodern religious communication. Next, the author offers three practical implications for organizational leaders： （1） increased use of personal narrative, （2） removal of hierarchal boundary structures, and （3） increased awareness and appreciation for divergent perspectives. The author concludes this study with directions for future research.

Global Financial Planning Education Standards

Financial planning may not meet all the accepted criteria of traditional professions such as divinity and law, it does, however, fit the post-modernist view of professions characterized by the role played by professional associations. The hallmark of a profession is the presence of a common body of knowledge and it can be claimed that a theoretical body of knowledge for the ＂financial planning profession＂ has always existed, although it has only been in recent times that agreement has been reached on a common understanding of the theoretical basis of the financial planning profession. This common body of knowledge is the basis upon which the Financial Planning Standards Board [FPSB] is attempting to develop a global curriculum as part of the certification process for financial planners. The FPSB has developed a curriculum framework to be applied by its affiliate members to ensure consistency in global education standards. A review of Certified Financial Planner （CFP） certification in Australia, China, India and the United States exposes differences in how this is approached. The Intemational Organization for Standardization [ISO] has also emerged as another forum in which global financial planning education standards have been set. Although the FPSB＇s global financial planning education standards has a high degree of compatibility with the ISO standard, the ISO standard has largely remained as a shelf reference.