植物覆土厚度对种植后生长的影响分析

植物覆土厚度是城市园林植物生长的重要参数指标,对城市绿化建设、植物成活率、绿化植物养护成本具有直接影响。基于此,在甘肃省兰州市某园林科学试验基地选取小叶杨、白皮松、紫丁香、陕甘瑞香、甘肃山楂5种甘肃省代表性的树种进行试验,分析不同覆土厚度各树种的规格变化及年均增长速率。

杂交鲇及亲本胚后生长及卵黄吸收方式的比较

利用形态学和组织连续切片技术,对杂交鲇及亲本怀头鲇和鲇胚后生长及卵黄的吸引方式进行比较。结果表明:(1)在相同条件下上述鲇鱼生长速度有明显不同,其中,怀头鲇的生长速度较鲇鱼快,而杂交鲇介于二者之间;(2)仔鱼对卵黄的日净消耗量最大值出现在出膜后第1天,体长最大增长率出现在出膜后的第2天;(3)仔鱼出膜后第3天,卵黄全部吸引;(4)卵黄囊依照先卵黄球、后脂肪的顺序被吸收,三种鲇鱼卵黄吸收方式有所不同。其中,怀头鲇和杂交鲇卵黄吸收是由内向外,而鲇采用的是由外向内的吸收方式。

黄芪种子萌发及萌发后生长过程中黄酮类化合物合成的动态变化

在对膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪种子萌发和萌发后生长时期进行划分的基础上,研究了黄芪中3种主要黄酮类化合物芒柄花素、毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷在萌发和萌发后生长过程中含量的变化。为了弄清黄酮含量变化的机制,我们还对黄芪中黄酮生物合成途径酶的转录水平做了研究。结果表明,在种子萌发和萌发后生长阶段,两种黄芪中均出现了明显的黄酮类化合物累积增加的情况。通过检测黄酮类物质生物合成途径酶基因的转录表达水平,我们发现萌发阶段蒙古黄芪中黄酮类物质积累增加主要由上游途径酶基因的表达水平升高引起,而膜荚黄芪中则几乎涉及到所有途径酶。此外,我们还发现萌发后生长阶段中,两种黄芪中合成途径酶基因转录对黄酮类物质含量的调控则选择性地存在时间延迟效应。

条石鲷的早期生长发育特征

对条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)早期生活史阶段生长发育特征进行了观察和测量,描述了胚胎和胚后各发育阶段的生长发育特征。条石鲷成熟卵子为浮性、端黄卵,卵径0.86mm±0.012mm(n=30),单油球,油球径0.18mm-0.22mm。在水温23.5℃±0.5℃、盐度30.5、pH8.0-8.3条件下,受精卵经27.5h孵化出膜。初孵仔鱼消化道细而直,随着仔鱼发育,消化道变得粗大、弯曲,肠道内褶回增多,消化能力增强。3日龄(仔鱼孵化出膜后第一天称为0日龄,以此类推)仔鱼卵黄囊消耗殆尽,开口,肛门与外界相通,油球在6日龄消耗完毕,进入外源性营养阶段。仔稚鱼培育在室内水泥池进行。在水温21℃-24℃、盐度27-33、pH8.0-8.3条件下,仔鱼开口饵料为S型褶皱臂尾轮虫,4日龄仔鱼开始摄食轮虫或轮虫卵,13日龄开始摄食卤虫无节幼体,25日龄开始进行配合饲料转化,30日龄后苗种摄食配合饲料良好。4日龄仔鱼鳔原基形成,7日龄时鳔开始充气变为亮泡状,生活史终生有鳔。色素细胞首先出现在12h50min的胚体上,至18h已在胚体全身分布,随着胚体发育,色素细胞增多。脊椎骨末端弯曲在15日龄开始,至24日龄弯曲过程完成,除腹鳍外其它鳍的鳍条数与成鱼一致,牙齿(硬齿和绒毛齿)生成,可咬食饵料。体表七条横向黑色素带是条石鲷的一个显著体态特征。21日龄鱼体表形成第一条横向黑色素带,23日龄时体表形成第二条色素带,25日龄时形成第三条色素带,29日龄时仔鱼体表第五条色素带形成,至40日龄时第七条色素带形成,此时稚鱼体态除背鳍、尾鳍、腹鳍上色素外与成体相似。60日龄幼鱼鳞片形成,在体态上与成体无明显区别。

生后营养过剩对雌性SD大鼠生长的影响

【目的】研究生后营养过剩对SD雌性大鼠生后生长的影响,从而指导临床对儿童的营养干预。【方法】通过孕期限食法建立宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)大鼠模型,选择符合标准的雌性新生仔鼠作为实验组(即I组),I组随机分成对照组(即IC组)和小窝组(IS组);选择宫内未干预的雌性新生仔鼠作为对照组(即宫内发育正常组,C组),随机分成正常喂养组(CC组)和小窝组(CS组)。21 d断乳后,IC组及CC组分别随机分成4只一笼,后正常饲料喂养,IS组及CS组高脂饮食喂养。每周测量各大鼠体质量及鼻肛长,并在不同生长发育周期,测定大鼠血清FINS、FBG、IGF-1、IGF-BP3水平及大鼠胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)。【结果】IS组随着生长发育,体质量及鼻肛长均较IC组高(P <0.05);CS组与CC组相比亦然。在不同发育周期,IS组FINS、FBG、IGF-1及IGF-BP3水平均分别较IC组高(P <0.05),且不同的发育周期ISI均较IC组低(P <0.05);CS组仅在生后75 d时,FINS、FBG较CC组的INS水平高(P <0.05),ISI较CC组低(P <0.05)。【结论】小于胎龄儿为了追赶性生长需适当增加营养摄入,但需密切监测生长发育情况,及时调整营养的供给;宫内发育正常的儿童亦需预防营养过剩。

宫内发育迟缓早产儿对早期神经发育的影响

目的探讨宫内发育迟缓早产儿对早期神经发育的影响。方法选取于我院出生的86例早产儿,根据出生后检查结果分为宫内发育迟缓组(观察组)和早产适于胎龄儿组(对照组)各43例,对比分析早产儿出生后校正胎龄过程中生长迟缓率及早期神经发育情况,探讨宫内发育迟缓早产儿生后生长迟缓对其早期神经发育的影响。结果 2组出院、校正胎龄第3、6个月时体质量及身长生长迟缓率比较差异显著,观察组3个时期统计生长迟缓率均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),同时随着校正胎龄时间越长2组生长迟缓率呈下降趋势;校正胎龄3个月时观察组大运动、精细动作、语言、适应性和个人社交五项行为发育商显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。校正胎龄6个月时2组婴儿大运动、适应性和个人社交三项行为发育商比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),精细动作和语言两项行为观察组仍显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论宫内发育迟缓在一定程度上会影响早产儿早期神经正常发育。

聚丙烯和PBAT树脂共混薄膜对金针菇的贮藏保鲜效果

本研究选择具有耐化学性、耐热性、高强度机械性能和高耐磨加工性能的聚丙烯(PP)作为基材与具有较高的透湿性的生物可降解材料PBAT树脂进行共混,共混后选用改性效果最好的比例(PP80%/PBAT20%)制成PPT2共混薄膜,对金针菇进行PPT2真空包装和PPT2密封包装,通过对比无包装空白组、市场包装组、PPT2密封组和PPT2真空组后,发现无包装组在第3 d时出现萎蔫腐烂现象失去食用价值,市场包装组在18 d时可溶性固形物含量下降并在包装袋上出现结露和涨包现象失去食用价值,PPT2密封包装组由于前期对气氛控制不稳定,呼吸旺盛时可溶性固形物含量出现骤然上升的假象。PPT2真空包装组金针菇失重率、Vc含量变化、可溶性固形物含量下降的比较平缓,未出现涨包结露等现象,保存至27 d时才出现萎蔫腐烂现象失去食用价值,保鲜效果与其它三组相比较为优异。因此,PPT2共混薄膜结合真空包装能有效控制金针菇后生长引起的菌柄伸长现象,从而延长货架期。

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its prognostic significance in gastric carcinoma

AIMS To investigate the clinical significance of vas- cular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in gastric carcinoma. METHODS The expression of VEGF in 128 gastric carcinomas was investigated by immunohistochemical staining with a polyclonal antibody against VEGF. Cor- relations between the expression of VEGF and various clinicopathologic factors and prognosis were studied. RESULTS The VEGF-rich expression rate was 64.1% in gastric carcinoma. VEGF-rich expression rate of patients with stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ disease was greater than that of patients with stage f disease (P <0.05). Significant differences of expression rate ex- isted with respect to growth pattern,serosal invasion and lymph node metastasis. The VEGF-rich rate was much higher in tumors with expanding growth pattern (71.8%) or serosal invasion (73.5%) than in those with infiltrative growth pattern (52.0%) or non-serosal invasion (53.3%) (P<0.025,respectively),and it was also significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastases (75.0%) than in those without such metastases (50.0%) (P<0.05). In addition,postop- erative survey of 86 patients who had been followed up for at least 5 years demonstrated that the 5-year sur- vival rate of patients with VEGF-rich tumors was signifi- cantly lower than that of patients with VEGF-poor tu- mors (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The expression of VEGF may be as- sociated with the invasion and metastasis and may also be a useful prognostic indicator of gastric carcinoma.

杏幼树整形修剪技术

杏幼树生长势强，新梢生长旺盛，如果不及时进行整形修剪，则会使树冠紧凑，枝条旺长，营养生长与生殖生长失调，推迟结果年限。经过整形修剪后，2～3年内便可形成合理的树冠，使其早结果丰产。

乳猪早期诱食与补料

仔猪初生重较小,生后生长发育特别快。14日龄后母乳就不能满足其营养需要,如不及时补料,就会影响乳猪正常的生长发育。因此,及早诱食补料成为提高仔猪成活率和断乳窝重的关键。其主要做法: 一、补铁:仔猪在胎儿期体内铁的贮存极为有限,仅能维持其出生后正常生长一周左右,而母乳含铁较少,需从补料、觅食中获得。为此,应对每头仔猪在出生后2—3天一次性肌肉注射牲血素或铁宝1毫升。此法简便易行。

Prognostic significance of S100A4 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in pancreatic cancer

AIM: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and calcium-binding protein S100A4 in pancreatic cancer and their relationship to the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Expression status of VEGF and S100A4 was examined in 62 surgical specimens of primary pancreatic cancer by immunohistochemistry. Correlation between the expression of VEGF and S100A4 and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight of 62 (61.3%) specimens of primary pancreatic cancer were positive for S100A4. Thirty-seven (59.7%) specimens showed positive expression of VEGF. The positive correlation between S100A4 and VEGF expression was significant in cancer tissues (P < 0.001). S100A4 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage and poorer prognosis. VEGF expression had a significant correlation with poorer prognosis. The prognosis of 17 S100A4-and VEGF-negative cancer patients was significantly better than that of other patients (P < 0.05). Distant metastasis (P = 0.001), S100A4-(P = 0.008) and VEGF-positive expression (P = 0.016) were significantly independent prognostic predictors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Over-expression of S100A4 and VEGF plays an important role in the development of pancreatic cancer. Combined examination of the two molecules might be useful in evaluating the outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Effects of temperature and salinity on the development of embryos and larvae of the veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa(Valenciennes, 1846)

The major population of the veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa （Valenciennes, 1846）, which is an important fishery resource, is facing a large decline in China. We studied the effects of incubation temperature （16-34℃ at salinity 30） and salinity （5-45 at 25℃） on the incubation period and subsequent larval development. In the temperature experiment, the shortest incubation period was 12 days at 34℃, the lower temperature limit was 16~C, the longest mean shell length （1 193＋17 pan） occurred at 25℃ and the highest survival rate 72.28%＋5.62% was observed at 28℃. In the salinity experiment, the shortest incubation period was 15 days at 25. The salinity tolerance range was 15-40, the longest mean shell length （855-4-9 μm） and the highest survival rate 72.93%~4.85% were both observed at 35. This study demonstrated that, during the egg-mass stage, temperature and salinity regimes influence later growth and survival of larvae. These observations deepen our understanding of the ecology and conservation of natural populations of Rapana venosa.

Transitions in a Logistic Growth Model Induced by Noise Coupling and Noise Color

With unified colored noise approximation, the logistic growth model is used to analyze cancer cell population when colored noise is included. It is found that both the coupling between noise terms and the noise color can induce continuous first-order-like and re-entrance-like phase transitions in the system. The coupling and the noise color can also increase tumor cell growth for small number of cell mass and repress tumor cell growth for large number of cell mass. It is shown that the approximate analytic expressions are consistent with the numerical simulations.

Prognosis of HER2 over-expressing gastric cancer patients with liver metastasis

AIM:To study the risk factors for liver metastasis and the prognosis in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) over-expressing gastric cancer(GC).METHODS:A total of 84 GC patients recruited from the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army(PLA) between 2003 and 2010 were randomly enrolled in this study.HER2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 84 GC patients with liver metastases.The study group consisted of 66 men and 18 women,with an average age of 54 years(range:19-74 years).Liver metastasis was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography.Patients were followed-up and predictive factors of liver metastasis were evaluated.RESULTS:The median follow-up period was 47 mo(range:6-85 mo).The characteristics of 35(25.7%) patients with HER2 over-expression of liver metastatic GC are presented.HER2 over-expression was detected in 23 out of 49(46.9%) patients with intestinal GC,and 9 out of 35(25.7%) patients with diffuse GC.29 out of 59(49.2%) patients aged < 60 years were HER2positive,while 8 out of 25(32%) patients aged ≥ 60 were HER2-positive;a significant difference(P < 0.05).Univariate analysis(log-rank test) showed that HER2 over-expression,sex,Lauren classification,differentiation and disease-free interval were correlated with poor survival(P < 0.05).Survival analysis with a survival curve showed that HER2 over-expression was significantly relevant,with a reduced survival time in GC patients with liver metastases(P < 0.01).2-year survival was not associated with the patient's age.A diseasefree survival longer than 12 mo has a significant association with extended overall survival(OS) in GC patients with liver metastases.The median survival time after the diagnosis of liver metastases was 18 mo [95% confidence interval(CI):9.07-26.94] among HER2 positive GC patients with liver metastases.In comparison,for 49(69.4%) out of 84 HER2 negative patients with liver metastatic GC,the median survival time was 47 mo(95% CI:19.37-74.63).In patients with HER2 positive liver metastatic GC,the median OS was significantly shorter than in HER2 negative patients(median,20.32 mo;95% CI:16.51-24.13 vs median,50.14 mo;95% CI:37.83-62.45;P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:HER2 over-expressing GC patients with liver metastases have a poor prognosis.Overall survival was significantly lower in HER2 positive patients.HER2overexpression is correlated with a lower survival rate.

Expression of connective tissue growth factor in tumor tissues is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer

AIM: To examine the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), also known as CCN2, in gastric carcinoma (GC), and the correlation between the expression of CTGF, clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes of patients with GC. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-two GC patients were included in the present study. All patients were followed up for at least 5 years. Proteins of CTGF were detected using the Powervision two-step immunostaining method. RESULTS: Of the specimens from 122 GC patients analyzed for CTGF expression, 58 (58/122, 47.5%) had a high CTGF expression in cytoplasm of gastric carcinoma cells and 64 (64/122, 52.5%) had a low CTGF expression. Patients with a high CTGF expression showed a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis than those with a low CTGF expression (P = 0.032). Patients with a high CTGF expression had significantly lower 5-year survival rate than those with a low CTGF expression (27.6% vs 46.9%, P = 0.0178), especially those staging Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ (35.7% vs 65.2%, P = 0.0027). CONCLUSION: GC patients with an elevated CTGF expression have more lymph node metastases and a shorter survival time. CTGF seems to be an independent prognostic factor for the successful differentiation of high-risk GC patients staging Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ. Over-expression of CTGF in human GC cells results in an increased aggressive ability.

Addition of hepatectomy decreases liver recurrence and leads to long survival in hilar cholangiocarcinoma

AIM： To evaluate hepatic recurrence and prognostic factors for survival in patients with surgically resected hilar cholangiocarcinoma in a single institution over the last 13 years. METHODS： From 1994 to 2007, all patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma referred to a surgical clinic were evaluated. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, and outcome were analyzed retrospectively. Outcome was compared in patients who underwent additional liver resection with resection of the tumor. RESULTS： Of the 69 patients submitted to laparotomy for tumor resection, curative resection （Ro resection） was performed in 40 patients, and palliative resection in 29. Thirty-one patients had only duct resection, and 38 patients had combined duct resection with liver resection including 34 total or part caudate lobes. Curative rates with the combined hepatectomy were significantly improved compared with those without additional hepatectomy （27/38 vs 13/31; X^2 = 5.94, P 〈 0.05）. Concomitant liver resection was associated with a decreased incidence of initial recurrence in liver one year after surgery （11/38 vs 23/31; X^2 = 13.98, P 〈 0.01）. The 3-year survival rate after Ro resection was 30.7% and was 10.5% for palliative resection. R0 resection improved the 3-year survival rate （30.7% vs 10.5%; X^2 = 12.47, P 〈 0.01）.CONCLUSION： Hepatectomy, especially including the caudate lobe combined with bile duct resection should be considered standard treatment to cure hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Cyclooxygenase-2 promotes angiogenesis by increasing vascular endothelial growth factor and predicts prognosis in gallbladder carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the relationships between the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the degree of vascularization, clinicopathologic feature, survival time of patients with gallbladder carcinomas. METHODS: Sixty-four gallbladder carcinoma specimens were evaluated for COX-2, VEGF expression by immunohi stochemical methods. Microvessel counts (MVC) were determined using CD34. The relationships between COX-2, VEGF expression, CD34-stained MVC, clinicopathologic features and survival time were analyzed. The correlations between COX-2 and VEGF expression, CD34-stained MVC were also investigated. RESULTS: COX-2, VEGF immunoreactivity were observed in 71.9% (46/64) and 54.7% (35/64) specimens, respectively. The average MVC in 64 cases of gallbladder carcinoma was 57±14 per high power vision field. The status of MVC was closely correlated with Nevin staging, tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01, 0.002, and 0.003, 0.000, respectively). Increased VEGF expression was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (poorly and moderately>well differentiated, P<0.05, P = 0.016). Clinical stages had no relation with the expression of VEGF (P>0.05, P = 0.612). There was a positive correlation between COX-2 expression and clinical stages. The positive rate of COX-2 was higher in cases of Nevin stages S4-S5 (81.8%) than in those of Nevin stages S1-S3 (50.0%) with a statistical significance (P0.01, P = 0.009). The expression of COX-2 did not vary with differentiation (P>0.05, P= 0.067). Statistically significant differences were also observed according to lymph node metastasis, COX-2 expression and VEGF expression (P<0.01,0.000, and 0.001, respectively). There was no relation between VEGF, COX-2 expression, MVC and the age and sex of patients. MVC and VEGF positive rate in the COX-2 positive gallbladder carcinoma tissue was higher than that in the COX-2 negative tissue (P<0.05, 0.000, and 0.032, respectively). Patients with VEGF, COX-2 positive tumors had a significantly shorter survival time than those with negative tumors (P<0.05,0.004, 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Augmented tumor neovascularization induced by VEGF may be one of the several effects of COX-2 responsible for poor prognosis of human gallbladder carcinoma. COX-2 inhibitor, either in combination therapy with other agents, or for chemoprevention, may be effective via suppression of angiogenesis in this fatal disease.

Association of serum vascular endothelial growth factor-C and lymphatic vessel density with lymph node metastasis and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer

AIM： To investigate whether serum vascular endothelial growth factor-C （SVEGF-C）, VEGF-C, and lymphatic vessel density （LVD） in tumor tissues are related to lymph node metastasis （LNM） and prognosis in gastric cancer. METHODS： SVEGF-C levels of 80 gastric cancer patients and 20 healthy donors were examined using ELISA. VEGF-C expression and LVD were examined using immunohistochemical staining. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to determine their influence on the prognosis of the patients. RESULTS： The SVEGF-C level in gastric cancer patients （595.9 ± 201.0 ng/L） was significantly higher （P = 0.000） than controls （360.0 ± 97.4 ng/L）. Both SVEGF-C and LVD were significantly higher in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, T3 and T4, LNM, distant metastasis, and pTNM groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ （P = 0.000）. The sensitivity and specificity of SVEGF-C for predicting LNM were 82.8% and 81.8%, respectively （cut-off = 542.5 ng/L）. The positive expression rate of VEGF-C was significantly higher in cancerous than in normal tissues （65% vs 20%; P = 0.001）. VEGF-C expression up-regulation was significantly related to differentiation, depth of invasion, LNM, distant metastasis, and pTNM stage （P = 0.000）. LVD was 10.7 ± 3.1/200 HP in the experimental group vs 4.9 ± 1.3/200 HP in controls （P = 0.000）; LVD in cancerous tissues with and without LNM was 12.0 ± 2.7/200 HP vs 7.6 ± 0.5/200 HP, respectively （P = 0.000）. SVEGF-C and LVD were significantly higher in VEGF-C positive than in negative patients （P = 0.000）; SVEGF-C level was related to LVD （P = 0.000）. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis factors predicating poor prognosis were： SVEGF-C level （P = 0.001）, VEGF-C expression and LVD （both P = 0.000）. CONCLUSION： SVEGF-C level, VEGF-C and LVD are related to LNI and poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer, SVEGF-C may be a biomarker for LNI in gastric cancer,

Effect of Postponing Nitrogen Application on Growth and Yield of Different Wheat Cultivars

[Objective] The aim was to study whether there are differences in top- dressing period for wheat cultivars. [Method] With three representative wheat culti- vats selected, effects of different N topdressing period on wheat tiller dynamics and yield components were studied. [Result] Appropriately postponing N topdressing time improved the yield of wheat. Appropriate N topdressing time tended to be volatile upon wheat cultivar. Jointing stage was appropriate for topdresSing for most wheat cultivars such as Jimai 22 and Linmai No. 4 and flowering stage was appropriate for the cultivar featured by early-senescence such as LN66. [Conclusion]It is neces- sary to select the optimal topdressing time according to wheat characteristics.