集体备课要向两头延伸

集体备课作为提高教师备课质量的一种有效形式,对于发挥教师协作精神,提高课堂教学效率,具有不可或缺的作用。然而,这种好的备课形式在部分学校却变形走样,成了食之无味弃之可惜的"鸡肋"。造成这种状况的原因是多方面的。其中,忽视集体备课前的个体备课和集体备课后的实践检验是两个重要原因。基于这样的认识,笔者觉得集体备课要向两头延伸。1.向前延伸——重视教师个体备课。教师个体备课是集体备课的基础,缺少教师个体对教材的深入解读与教学思路的精心预设,集体备课就成了无源之水、无本之木,只能在浅层次徘徊。

Stochastic Maximum Principle for Optimal Control Problems of Forward-Backward Delay Systems Involving Impulse Controls

This paper is concerned with the optimal control problems of forward-backward delay systems involving impulse controls. The authors establish a stochastic maximum principle for this kind of systems. The most distinguishing features of the proposed problem are that the control variables consist of regular and impulsive controls, both with time delay, and that the domain of regular control is not necessarily convex. The authors obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for optimal controls,which have potential applications in mathematical finance.

A Type of General Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations and Applications

The authors discuss one type of general forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) with Ito's stochastic delayed equations as the forward equations and anticipated backward stochastic differential equations as the backward equations.The existence and uniqueness results of the general FBSDEs are obtained.In the framework of the general FBSDEs in this paper,the explicit form of the optimal control for linear-quadratic stochastic optimal control problem with delay and the Nash equilibrium point for nonzero sum differential games problem with delay are obtained.