离极力、向极力与大陆车阀假说

由于较大的质量和较高的重心，大陆的离心力矩大于大洋。这使大陆向赤道漂移。在此漂移过程中，岩石圈的转动惯量越来越大，转速随之越来越慢。这就是大陆车阀假说。当岩石圈的转速变慢，软流圈和地核的转速相对变快，使它们在赤道处升起，在两极处下降。由此产生的软流圈和液核中的向极流使大陆离开赤道向两极集中。同时，岩石圈的转动惯量变得越来越小，转速也随之越来越大。这两种效应交替，使大陆在赤道和两极间不断地往返运移。

LAZY1 controls rice shoot gravitropism through regulating polar auxin transport

Tiller angle of rice （Oryza sativa L.） is an important agronomic trait that contributes to grain production, and has long attracted attentions of breeders for achieving ideal plant architecture to improve grain yield. Although enormous efforts have been made over the past decades to study mutants with extremely spreading or compact tillers, the molecular mechanism underlying the control of tiller angle of cereal crops remains unknown. Here we report the cloning of the LAZY1 （LA1） gene that regulates shoot gravitropism by which the rice tiller angle is controlled. We show that LA1, a novel grass-specific gene, is temporally and spatially expressed, and plays a negative role in polar auxin transport （PAT）. Loss-of-function of LA1 enhances PAT greatly and thus alters the endogenous IAA distribution in shoots, leading to the reduced gravitropism, and therefore the tiller-spreading phenotype of rice plants.

Forward Gated-Diode Monitoring of F-N Stressing-Ind uced Interface Traps of NMOSFET/SOI

The forward gated-diode R-G current method is used to monitor the F-N stressing-induced interface traps of NMOSFET/SOI.This simp le and accurate experiment method can directly give the interface trap density i nduced by F-N stressing effect for characterizing the device's reliability.For the measured NMOS/SOI device with a body structure,an expected power-law relati onship as Δ N it - t 0 4 between the pure F-N stressing-indu ced interface trap density and the accumulated stressing time is obtained.

Analysis of multi-dimensional SAR for determining the thickness of thin sea ice in the Bohai Sea

Flat thin ice (<30 cm thick) is a common ice type in the Bohai Sea, China. Ice thickness detection is important to offshore exploration and marine transport in winter. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can be used to acquire sea ice data in all weather conditions, and it is a useful tool for monitoring sea ice conditions. In this paper, we combine a multi-layered sea ice electromagnetic (EM) scattering model with a sea ice thermodynamic model to assess the determination of the thickness of flat thin ice in the Bohai Sea using SAR at different frequencies, polarization, and incidence angles. Our modeling studies suggest that co-polarization backscattering coefficients and the co-polarized ratio can be used to retrieve the thickness of flat thin ice from C- and X-band SAR, while the co-polarized correlation coefficient can be used to retrieve flat thin ice thickness from L-, C-, and X-band SAR. Importantly, small or moderate incidence angles should be chosen to avoid the effect of speckle noise.

3D stability analysis method of concave slope based on the Bishop method

In order to study the stability control mechanism of a concave slope with circular landslide, and remove the influence of differences in shape on slope stability, the limit analysis method of a simplified Bishop method was employed. The sliding body was divided into strips in a three-dimensional model, and the lateral earth pressure was put into mechanical analysis and the three-dimensional stability analysis methods applicable for circular sliding in concave slope were deduced. Based on geometric structure and the geological parameters of a concave slope, the influence rule of curvature radius and the top and bottom arch height on the concave slope stability were analyzed. The results show that the stability coefficient decreases after growth, first in the transition stage of slope shape from flat to concave, and it has been confirmed that there is a best size to make the slope stability factor reach a maximum. By contrast with average slope, the stability of a concave slope features a smaller range of ascension with slope height increase, which indicates that the enhancing effect of a concave slope is apparent only with lower slope heights.

Asymmetric self-diffusion with orientation-dependence of water molecule in finite timescale

Self-diffusion of water has been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. It was found that the preference of the direction in self-diffusion of water is orientation dependent in a finite time. For a time of-lO0 ps, there are more possibilities for water molecules moving along the initial dipole orientation than in the opposite direction. This reveals that self-diffusion of water molecules is asymmetric in a finite time. We tested four water models and found that they all show similar asymmetric diffusion, indicating that asymmetric diffusion of water is intrinsic behavior rather than induced by the water model. These results are important for understanding and application of asymmetric diffusion in research fields such as biological water and confined water in small dimensions.