Support vector machines for emotion recognition in Chinese speech

Support vector machines (SVMs) are utilized for emotion recognition in Chinese speech in this paper. Both binary class discrimination and the multi class discrimination are discussed. It proves that the emotional features construct a nonlinear problem in the input space, and SVMs based on nonlinear mapping can solve it more effectively than other linear methods. Multi class classification based on SVMs with a soft decision function is constructed to classify the four emotion situations. Compared with principal component analysis (PCA) method and modified PCA method, SVMs perform the best result in multi class discrimination by using nonlinear kernel mapping.

针对性强是言论应有的战斗风格

有的放矢、针对性强、具有战斗力,这本是言论应有的要求和风格。但是,我们经常遇到这样一个问题:有些单位和个人,看了针对性强的言论就‘对号入座’。有的来电询问,论中所论述的问题是不是指自己的;有的用肯定的语气进行质问和指责;有的还对作者和编者进行直接的批评。例如:今年元月左右,不少学生一放学就钻进游戏机室,有的成天的玩游戏机,家长还以为孩子上学去了,有些个体户还让学生在游戏机上赌博,严重影响了青少年的健康成长。针对这一现象,我们发表了一篇《电子游戏机前的忧虑》

Efficient fundamental frequency transformation for voice conversion

In order to improve the performance of voice conversion, the fundamental frequency （F0） transformation methods are investigated, and an efficient F0 transformation algorithm is proposed. First, unlike the traditional linear transformation methods, the relationships between F0s and spectral parameters are explored. In each component of the Gaussian mixture model （GMM）, the F0s are predicted from the converted spectral parameters using the support vector regression （SVR） method. Then, in order to reduce the over- smoothing caused by the statistical average of the GMM, a mixed transformation method combining SVR with the traditional mean-variance linear （MVL） conversion is presented. Meanwhile, the adaptive median filter, prevalent in image processing, is adopted to solve the discontinuity problem caused by the frame-wise transformation. Objective and subjective experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the traditional F0 transformation methods in terms of the similarity and the quality.

Application of multipole array sonic logging to acid hydralic fracturing

Multipole array sonic logging tools have widely been employed in Chinese oilfields in recent years. We have developed a software package for rock mechanical analysis with multipole array sonic logs. This advanced data processing method and software have been applied to the Tahe oilfield in Northern West China to provide guidance to acid hydraulic fracturing design and evaluation. In this paper, we present the field examples of such data processing and applications to demonstrate the validity and advantages of our method and software package.

Flow-induced Noise and Vibration Analysis of a Piping Elbow with/without a Guide Vane

The effect of a guide vane installed at the elbow on flow-induced noise and vibration is investigated in the range of Reynolds numbers from 1.70×10^5 to 6.81×10^5, and the position of guide vane is determined by publications. The turbulent flow in the piping elbow is simulated with large eddy simulation （LES）. Following this, a hybrid method of combining LES and Lighthill＇s acoustic analogy theory is used to simulate the hydrodynamic noise and sound sources are solved as volume sources in code Actran. In addition, the flow-induced vibration of the piping elbow is investigated based on a fluid-structure interaction （FSI） code. The LES results indicate that the range of vortex zone in the elbow without the guide vane is larger than the case with the guide vane, and the guide vane is effective in reducing flow-induced noise and vibration in the 90° piping elbow at different Reynolds numbers.

Universal Digital Library—Future research directions

This paper starts with a description of the present status of the Digital Library of India Initiative. As part of this initiative large corpus of scanned text is available in many Indian languages and has stimulated a vast amount of research in Indian language technology briefly described in this paper. Other than the Digital Library of India Initiative which is part of the Million Books to the Web Project initiated by Prof Raj Reddy of Carnegie Mellon University, there are a few more initiatives in India towards taking the heritage of the country to the Web. This paper presents the future directions for the Digital Library of India Initiative both in terms of growing collection and the technical challenges in managing such large collection poses.

Pathological Voice Classification Based on Features Dimension Opti mization

The classification of pathological voice from healthy voice was studied based upon 27 acoustic features derived from a single sound signal of vowel /a:/. First, the feature space was transferred to reduce the data dimension by principle component analysis (PCA). Then the voice samples were classified according to the reduced PCA parameters by support vector machine (SVM) using radial basis function (RBF) as a kernel function. Meanwhile, by changing the ratio of opposite class samples, the accuracy under different features combinations was tested. Experimental data were provided by the voice database of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI) in which 216 vowel /a:/ samples were collected from subjects of healthy and pathological cases, and tested with 5 fold cross-validation method. The result shows the positive rate of pathological voices was improved from 92% to 98% through the PCA method. STD, Fatr, Tasm, NHR, SEG, and PER are pathology sensitive features in illness detection. Using these sensitive features the accuracy of detection of pathological voice from healthy voice can reach 97%.

Friction Stir Welding Effect on Transverse Rigidity and Sound Transmission Characteristics of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

AZ31B magnesium alloy was subjected to friction stir welding with various welding parameters. The equivalent Young's moduli of the friction stir welded samples and the base material were obtained by the three-point method, and their transverse rigidities were obtained as well. Furthermore, the sound transmission characteristics of those samples were experimentally studied by four-microphone impedance tube method. The experimental results indicate that the transverse rigidities of the friction stir welded samples were only 79%, 83% and 92% of those of the base material, respectively. The sound transmission losses of the processed samples were also lower, which was largely due to the reduction of transverse rigidities induced by the decrease of equivalent Young's moduli.

Integrated search technique for parameter determination of SVM for speech recognition

Support vector machine(SVM)has a good application prospect for speech recognition problems;still optimum parameter selection is a vital issue for it.To improve the learning ability of SVM,a method for searching the optimal parameters based on integration of predator prey optimization(PPO)and Hooke-Jeeves method has been proposed.In PPO technique,population consists of prey and predator particles.The prey particles search the optimum solution and predator always attacks the global best prey particle.The solution obtained by PPO is further improved by applying Hooke-Jeeves method.Proposed method is applied to recognize isolated words in a Hindi speech database and also to recognize words in a benchmark database TI-20 in clean and noisy environment.A recognition rate of 81.5%for Hindi database and 92.2%for TI-20 database has been achieved using proposed technique.

Underwater vehicle sonar self-noise prediction based on genetic algorithms and neural network

The factors that influence underwater vehicle sonar self-noise are analyzed, and genetic algorithms and a back propagation (BP) neural network are combined to predict underwater vehicle sonar self-noise. The experimental results demonstrate that underwater vehicle sonar self-noise can be predicted accurately by a GA-BP neural network that is based on actual underwater vehicle sonar data.

Theoretical Analysis of Rayleigh Backscattering Noise in Fiber Raman Amplifiers

In this paper, a new theoretical model for Rayleigh backscattering (RB) analysis of fiber Raman amplifiers is proposed. The model includes all the interactions among the pumps, signals, and all orders of RB. The results show that the higher order RB has a negligible influence on the performance of the amplifier. The co-propagating and counterpropagating RB power of the signal grow quadratically with the net-gain of the amplifier. The signal to double Rayleigh backscattering noise ratio (OSNRDRB ) of backward-pumped FRAs is better than that of the forward-pumped ones at high net-gain level (＞ 13 dB), while at low net-gain level the OSNRDrb of the forward-pumped FRAs is slightly better than that of the backward-pumped ones.

Study on Lateral Aerodynamic Characteristics of Hypersonic Lifting-Configuration

To have a deep understanding of the lateral stability of hypersonic lifting-configurations, wind-tunnel tests of roll static and dynamic stability for typical hypersonic lifting-configurations are carried out. The results show the roll is static unstable in small angles; the roll dynamic test curves present obvious non-linearity characteristics, and the model vibrates violently even When the angle of attack is small, which may be provoked by the non-symmetry transition from the small transverse flow around the nose of model. Subsequent research adopts longitudinal trips to generate symmetry transition at the fore-body of the model. As a result, the lateral stability of the aircrafts is apparently improved. The results show that the lateral stability of hypersonic aircrafts is very weak, and the main reason for this is lateral perturbation of flow over the nose, among which asymmetric transition weighs the most. Adoption of longitudinal trips could spur fixed transition of lateral flow, reduce the transition asymmetry of lateral flow, and strengthen the lateral stability of hypersonic aircrafts at the same time.

HYBRID INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION SCHEME FOR BLIND MULTIUSER DETECTION IN MULTIPATH FADING CHANNELS

This paper introduces and analyzes a detection scheme for adaptive suppression of Multiuser Access Interference (MAI) and MultiPath Distortion (MPD) for mobile station of DS/CDMA system. The proposed detection scheme may amount to a RAKE receiver structure,wherein each branch is considered as a linear multiuser filter designed under a Linear Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV) optimization strategy to suppress MAI, followed by a proper combining rule to suppress MPD. The adaptive blind multiuser detecting and optimum combining of the proposed receiver are realized, based on the Least-Mean-Square (LMS) algorithm and an adaptive vector tracking algorithm respectively. Finally, the feasibility of the above two algorithms is proved by the numerical results provided by computer simulation.

第三卷 锡金史略

锡金位于喜马拉雅山南麓山谷地带,其地势西北高而东南低,气候暖和,夏季则特别炎热。面积7,100平方公里,比欧洲卢森堡大公国(2,586平方公里)大三倍多,全国高度在海拔1,500米以上。西以幸加利拉(SingIiIa)山脉与尼泊尔分界,东以卓拉(ChoIa)山脉与中国西藏分界。每年自六月开始有五个月的雨季,在雨季中经常发生洪水,风暴等灾害。境内河流皆投入梯斯塔河(Teesta)后南去,出境与恒河会合。

校内与校外教育的契合与互补——兼议非正规教育与非正式教育

马年春节前夕,北京市少年宫迁址后首次招生报名,凌晨4点家长排起长队,9点一开门就有近万人蜂拥而入,不到5分钟金属伸缩门被挤坏。原计划用3天时间招生,首日下午5600多个学位就全部报满。媒体称"少年宫报名现场之火爆疑似春运"……此情此景不禁引人发问:"是意料之中还是意料之外?"究其缘由,其一,寒假校园关闭。

Experimental investigation on transverse jet penetration into a supersonic turbulent crossflow

The paper evaluates the evolvement of coherent structures and penetration height of gaseous transverse jet penetration into a supersonic turbulent flow.The high spatiotemporal resolution coherent structures of the jet plume are obtained by utilizing the nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering technique(NPLS).The evolving pattern of the coherent structures generated on the upwind surface of the transverse jet is analyzed based on the NPLS images.The shedding eddies from the jet near-field have lower convection velocity along freestream direction,while vortex growth rate is apparently higher than the far-field.Farther downstream,the large-scale eddies have less deformation and translate at velocities near the freestream velocity.Thus the near-field determines the scale of eddies in the far-field and affects the whole mixing process.The effect of injection stagnation pressure on the coherent structures is discussed and a modified penetration correlation is proposed based on an edge approximation definition and least square method with various injection pressures.

A Study of 3D Aerodynamic Design for a Transonic Compressor Blading Optimized by the Locations of Aerofoil Maximum Thickness and Maximum Camber

A design procedure for improving the efficiency of a transonic compressor blading was proposed based on a rapid generation method for three-dimensional blade configuration and computational meshes, a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver and an optimization approach. The objective of the present paper is to design a transonic compressor blading optimized only by selection of the locations of maximum camber and maximum thickness for the airfoils at different span heights and to study how do these two design parameters affect the blade performance. The blading configuration and the computational meshes can be obtained very rapidly for any given combination of maximum camber and maximum thickness. The computational grid system generated is used for the Navier-Stokes solution to predict adiabatic efficiency, total pressure ratio and flow rate. As a main result of the optimization, adiabatic efficiency was successfully improved.

Nonlinear time-harmonic Maxwell equations in a bounded domain: Lack of compactness

We survey recent results on ground and bound state solutions E:?→R^3 of the problem {▽(▽×E)+}λE=|E|^(P-2)E in Ω,v×E=0 on Ω on a bounded Lipschitz domain ??R^3,where?×denotes the curl operator in R^3.The equation describes the propagation of the time-harmonic electric field R{E(χ)e^(iwt)}in a nonlinear isotropic material ? withλ=-μεω~2≤0,where μ andεstand for the permeability and the linear part of the permittivity of the material.The nonlinear term|E|^(P-2)E with 2<p≤2*=6 comes from the nonlinear polarization and the boundary conditions are those for?surrounded by a perfect conductor.The problem has a variational structure;however the energy functional associated with the problem is strongly indefinite and does not satisfy the Palais-Smale condition.We show the underlying difficulties of the problem and enlist some open questions.

Dynamical separation of rigid bodies in supersonic flow

A computational investigation of the unsteady separation behavior of rigid bodies in Mach-4 flow is carried out. Two rigid bodies, a sphere and a cube, initially stationary, centroid axially aligned, are released and thereafter fly freely according to the aerodynamic forces experienced. During the separation process, the smaller cube can experience different types of movement and our principal interest here is the non-dimensional transverse velocity of it. The separation behavior is investigated for interactions between a sphere and a cube with different mass ratio and a constant initial distance between them. The qualitative separation behavior and the final transverse velocity of the small body are found to vary strongly with the mass ratio but less sensitive to the initial distance between the two bodies. At a critical mass ratio for a given distance, the smaller body transit from entrainment within the flow region bounded by the larger body's shock to expulsion and the accumulated transverse velocity of the small body is close to maximum. This phenomenon is the so-called ‘shock-wave surfing' phenomenon noted by Laurence & Deiterding for two spheres at hypersonic Mach numbers. Then we investigate the separation behavior of a sphere interaction with a rotary cube and with a non-rotary cube for a given mass ratio and different distance between them. The rotary is found to increase the likelihood of ‘surfing'. Only at a certain initial distance for a given mass ratio the rotary effect of cube can be neglectable.

Forward-facing steps induced transition in a subsonic boundary layer

A forward-facing step (FFS) immersed in a subsonic boundary layer is studied through a high-order flux reconstruction (FR) method to highlight the flow transition induced by the step. The step height is a third of the local boundary-layer thickness. The Reynolds number based on the step height is 720. Inlet disturbances are introduced giving rise to streamwise vortices upstream of the step. It is observed that these small-scale streamwise structures interact with the step and hairpin vortices are quickly developed after the step leading to flow transition in the boundary layer.