中药液含乙醇量的计算与酒精计实测度数的关系

目的:比较中药液不同状况下的含乙醇量与酒精计实测度数的关系。方法:用酒精计测定不同浓度的乙醇溶解不同比例的溶质时的酒精度数。结论:中药流浸膏在进行乙醇醇沉时,因在乙醇里溶解了大量的成分,比重明显偏高,干物质溶解的越多,计算出的含乙醇量和酒精计实测出来的数值之间的偏差越大。

Solid-Liquid Equilibria of D-Glucose,D-Fructose and Sucrose in the Mixture of Ethanol and Water from 273.2 K to 293.2 K

Experimental data on the solubility of D-glucose,D-fructose and sucrose in the mixed solvents com-posed of water and ethanol from 273.2 to 293.2 K were determined.The solubility of D-glucose,D-fructose and sucrose decreased as the ethanol content increased in the mixed solvent.The solubility of D-glucose,D-fructose and sucrose decreased with decreasing equilibrium temperature.The modified UNIQUAC model,S-UNIFAC model and mS-UNIFAC model were applied to predict the solid-liquid equilibria.The prediction results were compared and discussed.Better prediction accuracy was generated using the modified UNIQUAC model.

Preventive effects of geranylgeranylacetone on rat ethanolinduced gastritis

AIM:To establish a rat ethanol gastritis model,we evaluated the effects of ethanol on gastric mucosa and studied the preventive effects of geranylgeranylacetone on ethanol-induced chronic gastritis.METHODS:One hundred male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups:normal control group,undergoing gastric perfusion of normal saline(NS) by gastrogavage;model control group and 2 model therapy groups that underwent gastric perfusion with ethanol(distillate spirits with 56% ethanol content) by gastrogavage for 4 wk.Low or high doses of geranylgeranylacetone were added 1 h before ethanol perfusion in the 2 model therapy groups,while the same amount of NS,instead of geranylgeranylacetone was used in that model control group.The rats were then sacrificed and stomachs were removed.The injury level of the gastric mucosa was observed by light and electron microscopy,and the levels of prostaglandin 2(PGE 2),endothelin-1(ET-1) and nitric oxide(NO) were measured by radioimmunoassay and the Griess method.RESULTS:The gastric mucosal epidermal damage score(EDS;4.5) and ulcer index(UI;12.0) of the model control group were significantly higher than that of the normal control group(0 and 0 respectively,all P = 0.000).The gastric mucosal EDS and UI of the 2 model therapy groups(EDS:2.5 and 2.0;UI:3.5 and 3.0) were significantly lower than that of the model control group(all P < 0.01).There was no statistically significant difference between the low-dose and high-dose model therapy groups.The expression value of plasma ET-1 of the model control group was higher than that of the normal control group(P < 0.01) and the 2 model therapy groups(all P < 0.01).The expression values of gastric mucosal PGE 2 and serum NO of the model control group were lower than those of the normal control group(all P < 0.05) and the 2 model therapy groups(all P < 0.05).The thickness of the gastric mucous layerand the hexosamine content in the model control group were significantly lower than that in the normal control group(all P < 0.01) and the 2 model therapy groups(all P < 0.05).Scanning and transmission electron microscopy observation showed that in the model control group,the epithelial junctions were vague,the intercellular joints disappeared and damage of the intracellular organelles were significantly worse than those in the normal control group.However,in the 2 model therapy groups,damage to the intercellular joints and organelles was ameliorate relative to the model control group.CONCLUSION:Administration of geranylgeranylacetone was correlated with a more favorable pattern of gastric mucosa damage after ethanol perfusion.The mechanism could be related to regulation of ET-1,NO and PGE 2.

A Comparative Study of Flavonoid Water-Ethanol Extraction Process in Planted Trollius Chinensis

With rutin standard sample as the comparison, flavonoid extraction rate as an indicator, UV-2450 ultraviolet visible light spectrophotometer to measure flavonoid content in planted Trollius chinensis through orthogonal experiment, this experiment optimizes process condition of flavonoid in Trollius chinensis through water extraction and ethanol extraction. The result shows that flavonoid extraction rate of Trollius chinensis through ethanol extraction method is obviously higher than water extraction, and the optimal extraction process condition is： ethanol concentration is 75%, extraction time is 90min, extraction times are 3, and fluid material ratio is 20：1.

Characteristic of hyaluronic acid derivative films cross-linked by polyethylene glycol of low water content

Objective:To test the characteristics of hyaluronic acid(HA)derivative cross-linked by polyethylene glycol films of low water content.Methods:The cross-linked HA film with 200μm thickness was got at atmospheric pressure at 25℃for 5 d.After dried,cross-linked films of 10 mm×10 mm were weighed and immersed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS pH 7.45)at 37℃for 24 h.Then the solution fraction and water content were estimated.Meanwhile,cross-linked HA derivative films were immersed in phosphate buffered saline(PBS:pH 7.45)at 37℃for determined time and then implanted subcutaneously in the back of white rats to test in vitro or in vivo degradation characteristic.Results and Conclusion:HA hydrogel cross-linked by polyethylene glycol with water content is as low as 60% and this kind of HA derivative has a slow degradation rate.

Brazilin Content, Antioxidative and Lipase Inhibition Effects of Sappanwood （Caesa/pinia Sappan） from Indonesia

Determination of brazilin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography （HPLC） method and measurement of the antioxidative and lipase inhibition effects in the Caesalpinia sappan wood from various locations in Indonesia is described in this paper. Brazilin was separated from sample matrix using a reversed phase C 18, Shim-pack VP column with the mobile phase in a gradient elution for45 min from 5% to 100% methanol in 0.05% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid. Brazilin in ethanolic extracts ofC. sappan wood was in the range of 5.81 to 24.85 mg/g on dry-weight basis. Antioxidant and lipase inhibition activities expressed by IC50 values from all samples were in the range from 6.60 to 11.53 μg/mL and 50.76 to 203.21 μg/mL, respectively. Antioxidative and lipase inhibition potency of all ethanolic extracts were compared to vitamin C and chloramphenicol, isopropyl methylphenol and tetracyclin, respectively.