含微量元素水溶肥料在黄瓜上的增产效果初步探讨

2013年,在湖北省浠水县清泉镇河口村进行了黄瓜喷施微量元素水溶肥料(粉剂)效果试验。结果初步表明,喷施微量元素水溶肥料有利于改善黄瓜的农艺性状,增加产量。喷施叶面肥可有效增加黄瓜的果实长度和单果质量,平均667 m^2产量2 901.2 kg,比喷施清水的对照增产161.9 kg,净增收入130.48元,投入产出比1∶2.05,具有较好的经济效益。

不同产地五味子果皮和种子中微量元素含量的研究

[目的]测定不同产地五味子果皮和种子中微量元素含量,从微量元素角度评价中药材质量。[方法]采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对各元素含量进行测定。[结果]五味子中含多种微量元素,且重金属含量符合药典规定。[结论]同一产地果皮和种子中微量元素含量不同,不同产地相同元素含量差异较大。

含氨基酸水溶肥料(微量元素型)在叶菜上的应用效果研究

叶菜喷施含氨基酸水溶肥料(微量元素型)的田间小区试验结果显示,该产品能明显促进叶菜生长,提高产量。叶菜喷施含氨基酸水溶肥料(微量元素型)后,比常规处理增产6.5%～14.5%、比清水处理增产5.9%～7.9%,增产达显著或极显著水平。

Determination of the Trace Element Contents in Plants Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

The aim of the study is to investigate the contents of trace element Se, Cd, Pb in three plants including burdock, ginkgol and garlic via graphite furnace atomic absorption and standard addition method. The results show that Se in burdock stem, skin and leaf are 32.40, 48.63, 38.10 μg/g, respectively; Cd in burdock stem, skin and leaf are 0. 160 0, 0. 300 0, 0. 140 0 μg/g, respectively; Cd in burdock stem, skin and leaf are 2. 020, 3. 960, 2. 410 μg/g, respectively. In the ginkgo and ginko leaf, Se contents are 17.63 and 16.91 μg/g, respectively ; for Cd are 0. 181 0 and 0.2020μg/g, respectively ; for Pb are 3. 572 and 4. 021 μg/g, respectively. In garlic, Se, Cd and Pb are 73. 900 0, 6. 900 0 and 0. 390 0, respectively. All the standard deviations of measured results are below 2.3%, recovery rate are from 99% to 101%.

Study on the Major and Trace Elements in Soil of Yunnan Farmland

In order to investigate the distribution of soil available micronutrients, and provide a theoretical basis for management of fertilizing reasonably on crops, the contents of major and trace elements （P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn） in farm- land soil collected from Yunnan Province were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, the contents and distribution of major and trace elements were also studied. The results showed that the contents of available P, K were balance, available Ca, Mg were deficient, and available Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn were very plentiful. Major and trace elements distribution of different landform areas were obviously different. The contents of trace elements （Fe, Zn and Mn） of central Yunnan Red Plateau were significantly higher than those of Hengduan Mountains in western Yunnan and those of karst plateau in eastern Yunnan. The contents of available P, K, and Ca gradually declined from west to east, while the content of available Cu rose gradually from west to east. The results are reference value to elements determination and agricultural production in farmland soils.

Analysis on Chemical Compositions in Chinese Wolfberry from Different Producing Areas

[Objective] This study aimed to conduct correspondence cluster analysis of the trace elements in Chinese wolfberry from Qinghai and Ningxia regions, and to investigate the relationship among the quality of the wolfberry samples, the composition of trace elements and the sample sources. [Method] The determined contents of trace elements and ratios of zinc to copper （Zn/Cu） of wolfberry from 11 different producing areas of Qinghai and Ningxia regions were adopted to construct the raw measurement data matrix, to analyze the distribution characteristics of the trace ele- ments in wolfberry from Qinghai and Ningxia by using the corresponding cluster analysis method. [Result] The quality of wolfberry samples in 7hongning County, Zhongwei City, Pingluo County, Shizuishan City, Heicheng Town of Ningxia Hui Au-tonomous Region and Hehuang Valley, Golmud City of Qinghai Province is mainly related to the contents of Zn and Mn; Zn/Cu greatly affects the quality of Chinese wolfberry in Dulan County of Qinghai Province; Fe has great effect on the quality of Chinese wolfberry in Yinchuan City of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region; Cu greatly affects the quality of Chinese wolfberry in Nuomuhong Village of Qinghai Province and a wolfberry research institute in Ningxia. [Conclusion] The relationship between the quality of wolfberry from different producing areas and the trace elements was investigated, which provides theoretical and practical basis for the cultivation, har- vesting, processing, and further development and utilization of Chinese wolfberry resources from different producing areas.

吉林省白山市江源区溢锶泉饮用天然矿泉水资源勘查及评价

吉林省白山市江源区溢锶泉饮用矿泉水位于江源区湾沟镇沙金村东南部。地理坐标为:东经126°54'05″,北纬42°02'33″,经检测,矿泉水中锶的质量浓度为0. 425~0. 484 mg/L,已达到界限标准,可定名为“重碳酸硫酸钙型含锶长白山稀有矿泉水”,该矿泉水,口感好、水质优良、补给充足,含有多种对人体健康有益的微量元素和矿物质,长期饮用有益健康。开发利用前景广阔。泉流量为2 496. 48~2 555. 52 m^3/d,为合理利用资源,建议溢锶泉饮用天然矿泉水允许开采量为1 788 m^3/d,既可以满足溢锶泉的开采需求,也可以使这一宝贵的长白山稀有矿泉水资源得到长期开发利用和有效保护。

Distribution and occurrence of trace elements in the No.14 coal from the Huolinhe mine

Optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersed X-ray spectrometry （SEM-EDX）, have been used to study the minerals and the concentrations of 12 trace elements in the No.14 coal from the Huolinhe mine, Inner Mongolia China. The distribution, affinity and removability of the trace elements were studied by float-sink experiments and petrological methods. A high mineral content, dominated by clay minerals, was found in the No.14 coal from the Huolinhe mine. The concentrations of As, Sb and Hg are relatively high compared to the average values for Chinese coals. As, Cr, Hg, Li, Mn, Pb are mainly associated with the minerals while Cd, Co, Ni, Sb, and Se are evenly distributed between the minerals and the organic matter. Be and Ba are mainly distributed in the minerals with a minor proportion in the organic matter. Most elements have a low organic affinity, although Sb, Se, Co, Cd, Ni are closely integrated with the organic matter. High theoretical removabilities are indicated for most trace elements. So it may be possible to lower the concentrations of trace elements during coal preparation.

Photosynthetic capability and Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn contents in two Moraceae species under different phosphorus levels

The strong adaptability of Broussonetia papyrifera （L.） Vent. to low phosphorus （P） conditions can be attributed to the large amount of root-exuded organic acids and the high efficiency of P extraction. However, microelement contents are influenced by low-P stress, and their effects on the photosynthetic capability of B. pa- pyrifera remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of low-P treatment on net photosynthetic rate （PN）; chlorophyll a fluorescence （ChlF） characteristics; and Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn contents of B. papyrifera and Morus alba L. seedlings. Results show that B. papyrifera exhibited better photosynthetic capability under moderate P defi- ciency （0.125, 0.063, and 0.031 mmol/L P treatments）, whereas the photosynthetic capability of M. alba decreased under moderate and severe P deficiency （0.016 and 0 mmol/L P treatments）. Under moderate P deficiency, the decrease in Cu and Zn contents in B. papyrifera was lower than that in M. alba. Under severe P deficiency, a consid- erable decrease of photosynthetic capability in B. pa- pyrifera and M. alba was associated with low Cu and Zn contents. The PN of the two Moraceae species exhibited a better correlation with Cu and Zn contents than with Fe or Mn content. P deficiency could not only decrease cyclic photophorylation and photosynthetic efficiency, but could also affect the stability of thylakoid membrane structureand electron transport efficiency by influencing the con- tents of Cu or Zn, thereby affecting photosynthesis.

我国硫酸钾下游产品生产工艺及其产业发展前景

在国内化肥市场传统单质肥料产品竞争日益激烈的背景下,以钾肥系列产品多样化、专用化、功能化发展的可行性为目标,分析了硫酸钾下游产品——腐植酸钾、黄腐酸钾、含中微量元素硫酸钾和速溶硫酸钾的生产工艺及其产业发展前景,以期为我国硫酸钾肥料工业的高端化、精细化发展提供参考。

Effects of Different Lead Compounds on Growth and Heavy Metal Uptake of Wetland Rice

Effects of different lead compounds, PbCl2, Pb(NO3)2 and Pb(OAc)2, on the rice growth and uptake of lead and some microelements by wetland rice were studied. The results showed that the seed germination, rice seedling growth, chlorophyl content, grain yield and uptake of Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn by rice plant were affected by the chemical forms of Pb compounds added in soil to a certain degree. The germination rate and the amount of chlorophyl decreased remarkably with increasing Pb concentration, the root extension was restrained obviously by the presence of Pb, and the effect of PbCl2 was more evident than that of Pb(NO3)2 or Pb(OAc)2. The pot incubation test with yellow brown soil and red soil showed that there was no significant regularity in effect of Pb on grain yield, but the difference in the influence of various Pb compounds on yield was clearer. The effect on the amount of Pb in straw and brown rice was in the sequence of Pb(NO3)2> Pb(OAc)2> PbCl2. In case the content of Pb in brown rice was 0.5 mg/ kg, the relative loading capacities of yellow brown soil for Pb added as PbCl2, Pb(OAc)2 and Pb(NO3)2 were 100, 90 and 60 respectively. Pb uptake by wetland rice was closely related to the chemical species of Pb in soil, but there was no comparability among chemical forms of different Pb compounds in the same soil. The uptake of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn by wetland rice was markedly affected by the addition of Pb, and different Pb compounds varied in their impacts on the uptake of other metals by different organs of wetland rice, e.g. the concentration of Fe in root increased significantly (r = 0.92), while opposite was true for Fe in brown rice (r =-0.92) due to the application of Pb(OAc), in soil. These results demonstrate that the effect of accompanying anions of Pb on the physiological and biochemical processes of wetland rice was rather complex.

Influence of minor Sc additions on grain refinement and microstructure characteristics of a high Zn-containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy

In the present work, scandium elements with a series of contents(0.06 wt.%, 0.10 wt.%, 0.14 wt.%,0.17 wt.%, 0.20 wt.% and 0.25 wt.%) were added in a high Zn-containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy and the corresponding as-cast microstructure characteristics including grains and phases were thoroughly investigated. The results indicated that fine grain boundaries existed in these alloys and fine MgZn2phases discontinuously distributed on them. Besides,AlZnMgCu eutectic phases and Sc, Zr-containing phases with flocculent morphology were observed. As scandium contents vary from 0.06 wt.% to 0.17 wt.%, the average grain size continuously decreased and its equiaxial characteristics were strengthened. Meanwhile, the content of AlZnMgCu eutectic phase showed a decrease trend. When scandium contents were 0.20 wt.% and 0.25 wt.%, no further enhancement on grain refinement was observed, so as to the reduction of AlZnMgCu eutectic phase content. Besides, Sc, Zr-containing phases with blocky morphology were observed and the alloy with a scandium content of 0.25 wt.% possessed a larger amount of blocky Sc, Zr-containing phase than the alloy with a scandium content of 0.20 wt.%. Grain refinement and reduction of AlZnMgCu eutectic phase content associated with scandium addition were discussed.

The transformation and concentration of environmental hazardous trace elements during coal combustion

Studied the content and distribution of 18 environmental hazardous trace elementsin the lignite, fatty coal, anthracite and its burnt products by combustion simulatingexpriment in the one-dismensinal boiler.The transformations and concentration of 18 traceelements during different coal combustion were discussed.The results show that there aresome content distribution of 18 hazardous trace elements in every burnt product, but thelaw of concentration and dispersion of every trace element during different coal combustionis very different.Experiment results indicate that the transformation and concentrationof trace elements during coal combustion are related to the element contents and occur-rencesof trace elements in raw coal, but are also affected by some man-made factorssuch as the combustion method of boiler, combustion temperature and atmosphere, thetype of precipitators and so on.

Selenium in Soils of Moldova

Se （selenium） is an essential trace element for both animals and human beings, although it is considered to be conditionally required for plants. Se occurrence in the environment of Moldova is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to establish Se content and distribution in soils of this country. Se content in samples was detected using fluorometric method. Se concentration in soils ranged from 100 μg·kg^-1 to 668 og-kg-1 dry weight （mean 246 ± 73 μg·kg^-1）. Mainly, Se content in soils was optimal （more than 175 μg·kg^-1）, however, there were soil areas with Se deficiency （lower than 125/μg·kg^-1）. Maximum of Se in soils was observed at the depth of 0.4-0.7 m and then it decreased on going to parent rock. Se content typically increased with increasing of soil clay particles. Se washout from terraces and watershed slopes as well as Se accumulation in relief depressions was shown. High Se concentrations in local surface waters （0.2-6.1 μg·L^-1, mean 1.8 μg·L^-1） indicated the substantial presence of soluble Se forms, which were available to plants. Thus, geochemical conditions of Moldova are favorable for Se bioaccumulation by plants.

Effect of Copper, Zinc and Boron on Green Leaf Retention and Grain Yield of Winter and Spring Cereals

Crop nutrition has a significant effect on disease incidence, resistance or tolerance of various crops. There is currently a lack of reliable recent UK-based research about the effect of copper, zinc and boron on disease incidence, green leaf area （GLA）, green leaf retention （GLR） and grain yield of winter wheat, spring wheat and spring barley. Data analysis showed that these trace elements had positive effects on GLR. These positive effects may have been due to the role of copper, zinc and boron in the production of defence related compounds （phenolics and lignin）, which may have reduced the disease incidence resulting in prolonged GLR. Grain yield was significantly enhanced by the application of these trace elements on the crop grown on high pH calcareous soil, which can be partly attributed to enhanced GLR. Also trace elements have a positive role in reproductive growth, flowering and male fertility. On average, zinc was found to be the most consistent trace element in terms of enhancing GLR and grain yield. Across all trials, it was noted that for every 10% increase in GLA from trace elements, grain yields increased by 4.2% in 2012-2013, by 4.4% in 2013-2014 in winter wheat and by 3.9% in spring wheat in 2014. These are remarkably consistent and indicate that increasing GLA by 10% by early dough stage was associated with a yield improvement of about 4%. These trace elements also had a positive effect on grain protein content （GPC）. This research concluded that the trace elements had positive effects in enhancing GLA and yield. It can be speculated that with the use of these trace elements, there may be more scope for using less robust or reduced rates of fungicides to control foliar diseases, which may help to maximize farm profits.

Changing Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Stream Water as a Result of Slurry Application to Soil

Several studies focused on nutrients have shown that land use and management practices have a strong influence on stream chemistry. Much less is known about the relationship between heavy metal concentrations in stream water and land use. We compared the variability of trace element concentrations in the stream of a catchment exposed to different types of management practices and land use. This is a small catchment with previous agricultural diffuse and accidental pollution mainly due to the spreading of slurry. The agricultural land was reforested in July 1998. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in dissolved phase from surface water samples collected at the catchment outlet were determined over a period of approximately six years. The results suggest that dissolved metal concentrations, especially Cu and Mn, are controlled by the land use and management practices. The median concentrations of studied metals were the highest in the agricultural period. It was also during this period when they all presented the highest concentration peaks, coinciding with a time of heavy application of manure to the soil. Dissolved Fe and Mn showed high dependence of flow rate, whereas Cu and Zn concentrations seemed to be independent of flow.

Grain Size and Metallic Trace Element Contents in Sediments of Kemaman Coast, Terengganu, Malaysia, South China Sea

A total of 43 sediment samples were collected at Kemaman coast, Terengganu, by using Smith Mclntyre grab. These sediments were analyzed to determine the grain size, sediment texture and metallic trace elements. Lazer diffraction method using PSA （particle size analyzer） was used to determine the grain size and sediment texture. Teflon bomb was used to digest the sediments for metallic trace elements concentration. Results showed that the study area was dominated with sand particles （60.5%） followed by loamy sand （20.9%）, sandy clay （16.3%） and silt loam （2.3%）. On the other hand, the average concentrations of each metallic trace elements were 0.12 pg/g for Cd; 36.6 lag/g for Cr; 9.51 pg/g for Cu; 11.6 ~tg/g for N： 41.5 ~tg/g for Zn and 29.3/ag/g for Pb. Based on the results, it was found out that coarse sediments showed lower levels of metallic trace elements and higher levels in fine sediments. In addition, enrichment factor was calculated to assess the pollution status of the study area. Based on the calculation, the enrichment of metallic trace elements ranked in the following order： Pb 〉 Cd 〉 Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Ni 〉 Cr. The significant enrichment of Pb and moderate enrichment of Cd and Zn indicated that there are anthropogenic inputs while the rest of the metals can be considered from natural sources although there are effects of anthropogenic inputs in some sampling location.

Different Carbon Fractions in Soils and Their Relationship with Trace Elements Content

Luvisols, Stagnogleys and Cambisols, although less fertile, are used intensively for mixed farming, grazing and as forestland. Therefore we aimed our study at determination of total organic carbon （TOC） content, humic substances （HS） content, humic acids （HA） content, fulvic acids （FA）, hot water extractable carbon （Chw） content and content total and labile trace elements content. Humic substances quality was assessed by HA/FA ratio and by coloured indexes measured in ultraviolet and visible UV-VIS spectral range. The total and labile contents of Zn, Cd, Cu, Co, Pb, Mo and Se were determined by flame or electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometry after extraction of the soil samples in the aqua regia （total content） and in the solution of 0.01 M CaCI2. Total and labile trace elements content was correlated with determined carbon fractions and soil reaction. Results showed that studied soils content low amount of TOC and had low quality of humic substances. HA/FA ratio was less than 1 and colour indexes were higher than 4. All determined carbon fractions correlated with labile form of Zn and Cd. Correlation between soil reaction and total zinc content was found. Significant effect of humic substances content on to water-soluble forms of heavy metals was detected.

Effect of Exogenous Organic Matter Application on Soil and Plant Elemental Composition in Pot Experiments

Content of macro- and microelements in plant and soil was studied after biochar, compost, digestate, lignite, and lignohumate application. Pot experiments were carried out in Phytotron CLF Plant Master （Wertingen, Germany）. As tested plant lettuce （Lactucasativa） was used. Elemental composition was determined by AAS and XRF spectroscopy. Macronutrients content （Ca, Mg, K, and P） was determined by Mehlich III. Total content of carbon and nitrogen were determined by LECO TruSpec CN analyser. Results showed that different exogenous organic amendments statistically significantly influenced macro and micronutrients content in soil and plant. Satisfactory C/N ratio for soil microorganisms was measured only after compost and digestate application. As concerns hazardous elements, no legislation limits were overstepped after application of the tested organic amendments. Bioavailability and their uptake by plants followed the order： Cd 〉 Mn 〉 Zn 〉 Fe.