New technology of determining coalbed gas content by reversion seal coring

The key of the direct method of determining coalbed gas content is how to shorten the coal core exposure time in the sampling progress and reduce measuring error of gas content which comes from the calculation of losing gas content. The coring tests were carried out in No.24 drilling field of 715 floor gateway in Qinan Coal Mine by using traditional drill core bar- rel sampler and self-designed reversion seal coring equipment. The losing gas content was calculated by power functional method, and the gas content of two coring methods was determined, respectively. Results show that, compared with traditional drill core barrel sampling, the newly seal coring equipment can significantly shorten the coal core exposure time, the 30 min desorption gas content increases obviously, the calculation of losing gas content reduces by 56.99%, the desorption gas content in normal atmosphere increases by 113.24%, and the determining value of gas content increases by 10.06%. The new technol- ogy has much higher accuracy, and it is worthwhile to be popularized.

Incorporation of Bromelain into Dermatological Bases： Accelerated Stability Studies

This work aimed the incorporation of the enzyme bromelain from pineapple peel into dermatological bases for potential therapeutic application. The enzyme was incorporated into Lanette cream and lotion, as well as Carbopol gel and Chemyunion cream and lotion, at a concentration of 0.5% （w/w）. These bases were subjected to centrifugation test and accelerated stability test during 90 days at 25 ℃（with and without sunlight）, 37 ℃ and 4 ℃, in order to evaluate bromelain stability in dermatological bases. Total protein content and enzymatic activity were measured. The bases were stable as its organoleptic characteristics （appearance, color, smell and sensitivity to touch） only when kept at 4 ℃ with activity remaining 95.5%, 84,9%. 77.7%, 73.8% and 72.3%, alter 90 days of testing in Carbopol gel, Lanette and Chemyunion cream, and Lanette and Chemyunion lotion, respectively. Based on the results, it was possible to incorporate bromelain into dermatological bases, and the activity was well preserved when these bases were kept in refrigerator at 4 ℃.

Assessment of heavy metals in sediment cores from Xiangjiang River,Chang-Zhu-Tan region,Hunan Province,China

Samples were collected from two core sediments(C1 and C2) of Xiangjiang River,Chang-Zhu-Tan region,Hunan Province,China.The heavy metal contents are relatively higher,especially for the surface or near the surface layers.The calculated anthropogenic factor values indicate that all the heavy metals except for Cr in the core samples are enriched,especially for Cd,with the maximum enriching coefficients of 119.44,and 84.67 in C1 and C2,respectively.The correlation of heavy metals with sulphur indicates that they are precipitated as metal sulphides.Correlation matrix shows significant association between heavy metals and mud.Factor analysis identifies that signified anthropogenic activities affect the region of Xiangjiang River.

Study on Brewing Technology of Apple Brandy

[Objective] The aim was to study the brewing technology of apple brandy. [Method] After the activated wine yeast was added to the apple juice by sizing classification, rinsing, falling to pieces and squeezing, the preceding fermentation began. Every other day, parameters of fer- mentation broth such as temperature, pH, acidity, sugar content and bubble nurdbers were detected. Once the sugar content of the fermentation suspension was approaching 5 -6 °Bx, the following fermentation would start via pouring wine. After 20 -30 days, the cider was changed into origi- nal apple brandy by distillation. The last procedure was aging which included man-made speediness aging and oak wood aging about 20 days. The physical and chemical compositions before and after aging were measured. [ Result] 22.5 kg apple resulted into 16.56 L of juice. The juice yield was about 73.6% （10 ml/kg）. The alcohol rate of distilled apple juice was 20.0%. The color of apple brandy was darker than that of original apple brandy. Alcohol level reduced, but total acidity, fixed acid, lipid and furfural content rose. [ Conclusion] The apple brandy was of particular flavor and high quality by selecting befitting fruit, activated wine yeast and feasible brewing, distillation and aging technology. It will be conductive to the development of apple processing industry and the research and development of key brandy technique.

Influence of the characteristics of fault gouge on the stability of a borehole wall

How to find more effective way to stabilize the borehole wall in the fault gouge section is the key technical challenge to control the stability of the borehole wall in the Wenchuan fault gouge section during the process of core drilling. Here we try to describe the characters of deep fault gouge in fracture zones from the undisturbed fault gouge samples which are obtained during the core drilling. The X- Ray Diffraction （XRD）, X-Ray Fluorescence （XRF） and Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） provided the detailed information of the fault gouge＇s microscopic characteristics on the density, moisture content, expansibility, dispersity, permeability, tensile strength and other main physical-mechanical properties. Based on these systematic experimental studies above and analysis of the fault gouge instability mechanism, a new technical procedure to stabilize the borehole wall is proposed -- a low water and a low loss low permeability drilling fluid system that consists of 4% day ＋ 0.5% CMC-HV ＋ 2% S-1 ＋ 3%sulfonated asphalt ＋ 1% SMC ＋ 0.5% X-1 ＋ 0-5% T type lubricant ＋ barite for core drilling in fault gouge sections.

贴着人物写——浅析刘庆邦作品的艺术特色

刘庆邦是一个倾情关注农民、表现农民并在创作上取得较大成功的作家。在他的笔下,塑造了许多栩栩如生的农民形象,形成自己独有的创作艺术特色,并提出了自己的创作理论。

Genetic,Developmental and Temporal Variability in Nitrate Accumulation and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Medicinal Herb Andrographis paniculata

There is a growing concern over the presence of high concentrations of nitrate in orally consumed herbal remedies. Since nitrate accumulation in the plant body can vary with spatial location in plant and plant development and temporally with photoperiod, understanding the relations between these factors and nitrate contents in the consumed herbs are vital for the development of agrotechnical strategies for nitrate avoidance. Therefore, the distribution profiles of nitrate content and nitrate reductase （NR） activity were analyzed in 14 accessions of Andrographis paniculata （Burm.f.） Wall. ex Nees., a medicinal plant widely used as a component of many herbal teas and medicinal infusions. Significant variation in nitrate accumulation in the plant was observed between the accessions, and most contained nitrate levels beyond the safety limit recommended according to the European Commission＇s Scientific Committee on Food. Nitrate content increased with plant development and leaf age, and that in leaf segment was higher in the middle of the leaf than at its tip or base; the nitrate concentration in plant organ followed the order of petiole 〉 leaf 〉 stem, and it was lower at mid-day than in the early morning or evening. Gradients of NR activity were negatively correlated with nitrate content in all studied temporal and spatial profiles. Identification of the characteristic spatial and developmental profiles of nitrate accumulation and NR activity in A. paniculata can guide the development of harvest strategies, aiming at minimizing nitrate contents in the consumed herbal tissue.

Cell cycle regulator geminin is dispensable for the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells

The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases.Geminin regulates DNA replication and cell cycle progression and plays a key role in the proliferation of cancer cells.We therefore hypothesized that geminin regulates the proliferation of VSMCs.The present study demonstrates that the level of geminin expression was low in quiescent VSMCs(approximately 90% and 10% of cells in the G1 and in S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle,respectively),increased as more cells entered in S/G2/M,and then decreased as cells exited S/G2/M.Further,angiotensin II and norepinephrine stimulated expression of geminin in VSMCs.However,the DNA content,nuclear morphology,percentage of cells at different stages of the cell cycle,and rate of proliferation of VSMCs from which geminin was either depleted or overexpressed were all similar.These findings indicate geminin functions differently in VSMCs than it does in cancer cell lines and that it may provide a target for treating cancers without affecting normal cells.