含氢水对实验性小鼠肺纤维化的抑制作用及机制

目的研究含氢水对博来霉素(BLM)诱发的小鼠肺纤维化的抑制作用及其机制。方法 54只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照(C)组、模型(M)组和氢水干预(H)组,经气管内注射BLM(5 mg/kg)复制肺纤维化模型,分别在建模后7、14和28 d结束实验。分别采用HE和Masson染色检测肺组织炎症反应及肺纤维化程度,肺组织匀浆进行丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性检测;免疫组织化学法检测肺组织核因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达情况。结果含氢水明显减轻BLM所致的肺组织炎症反应和肺纤维化程度;与相同时间点的M组比较,H组的MDA含量降低而SOD活性增高(P<0.05或P<0.01),且肺组织NF-κB p65和TNF-α表达均受到抑制(P<0.05)。结论含氢水可减轻BLM所诱导的小鼠肺纤维化,其机制可能与抑制炎症反应和氧化应激有关。

Catalytic Transformation of Oxygenated Organic Compounds into Pure Hydrogen

The continual growth in transportation fuels and more strict environmental legislations have led to immense interest in developing green biomass energy. In this work, a proposed catalytic transformation of oxygenated organic compounds （related to bio-oil） into pure hydrogen was desighed, involving the catalytic reforming of oxygenated organic compounds to hydrogen- rich mixture gas followed by the conversion of CO to CO2 via the water gas reaction and the removal of CO2. The optimization of the different reforming catalyst, the reaction conditions as well as various sources of oxygenated organic compounds were investigated in detail. The production of pure hydrogen, with the H2 content up to 99.96% and the conversion of 97.1%, was achieved by the integrated catalytic transformation. The reaction pathways were addressed based on the investigation of decomposition, catalytic reforming, and the water gas reaction.

Effect of ferrite content on dissolution kinetics of gibbsitic bauxite under atmospheric pressure in NaOH solution

The dissolution property of high-ferrite gibbsitic bauxite and the effect of ferrite content on the dissolution kinetics of gibbsitic bauxites in sodium hydroxide solution under atmospheric pressure from 50 to 90 °C were systematically investigated.The dissolution property of high-ferrite gibbsitic bauxite is increased by increasing the dissolution temperature and the Na OH concentration or decreasing the particle size of bauxite,which is easy to dissolve under atmospheric pressure.The kinetic equations of gibbsitic bauxites with different ferrite contents during the dissolution process at different temperatures for different times were established,and the corresponding activation energies were calculated.The ferrite in the gibbsitic bauxite reduces the dissolution speed and increases the activation energy of dissolution,the diffusion process of which is the rate-controlling step.

The water content and hydrogen isotope composition of continental lithospheric mantle and mantle-derived mafic igneous rocks in eastern China

The water contents of minerals and whole-rock in mantle-derived xenoliths from eastern China exhibit large variations and are generally lower than those from other on- and off-craton lithotectonic units. Nevertheless, the water contents of mineral and whole-rock in Junan peridotite xenoliths, which sourced from the juvenile lithospheric mantle, are generally higher than those elsewhere in eastern China. This suggests that the initial water content of juvenile lithospheric mantle is not low. There is no obvious correlation between the water contents and Mg~# values of minerals in the mantle xenoliths and no occurrence of diffusion profile in pyroxene, suggesting no relationship between the low water content of mantle xenolith and the diffusion loss of water during xenolith ascent with host basaltic magmas. If the subcontinental lithospheric mantle（SCLM） base is heated by the asthenospheric mantle, the diffusion loss of water is expected to occur. On the other hand, extraction of basaltic melts from the SCLM is a more efficient mechanism to reduce the water content of xenoliths. The primary melts of Mesozoic and Cenozoic basalts in eastern China have water contents, as calculated from the water contents of phenocrysts, higher than those of normal mid-ocean ridge basalts（MORB）. The Mesozoic basalts exhibit similar water contents to those of island arc basalts, whereas the Cenozoic basalts exhibit comparable water contents to oceanic island basalts and backarc basin basalts with some of them resembling island arc basalts. These observations suggest the water enrichment in the mantle source of continental basalts due to metasomatism by aqueous fluids and hydrous melts derived from dehydration and melting of deeply subducted crust. Mantle-derived megacrysts, minerals in xenoliths and phenocrysts in basalts from eastern China also exhibit largely variable hydrogen isotope compositions, indicating a large isotopic heterogeneity for the Cenozoic SCLM in eastern China. The water content that is higher than that of depleted MORB mantle and the hydrogen isotope composition that is deviated from that of depleted MORB mantle suggest that the Cenozoic continental lithospheric mantle suffered the metasomatism by hydrous melts derived from partial melting of the subducted Pacific slab below eastern China continent. The metasomatism would lead to the increase of water content in the SCLM base and then to the decrease of its viscosity. As a consequence, the SCLM base would be weakened and thus susceptible to tectonic erosion and delamination. As such, the crust-mantle interaction in oceanic subduction channel is the major cause for thinning of the craton lithosphere in North China.