含氧系彩漂液洗剂的开发与应用

概述了彩漂液洗剂的发展现状及产品的研制过程 ,其中对所选用非离子表面活性剂的复配与自制的助洗剂的配伍性进行了科学筛选与测试 ,使产品性能优异 。

含氧系彩漂液洗剂的开发与应用

目前市场上液洗剂的品种不多,特别是专用型品种有限,且价格较高,诸如彩漂液、彩漂液洗剂及柔软抗静电等液洗剂市场占有率都很低,消费者还较难以接受,市场销量有限。因而对彩漂液洗剂的开发与应用很具有现实意义,这也是对液洗剂在使用功能上从只注重去污力的清洁型向功能型转换的深入。 1

Effects of Relative Soil Water Content on Antioxidant Enzyme System in Malus sieversii(Lebed.) Roem

By pot experiment under artificially simulated water stress conditions, soluble protein content, MDA content and SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities in Malus sieversfi leaves were determined to reveal the response mechanism of M. sieversii to changes of relative soil water content. According to the results, with the decrease of relative soil water content, MDA content in M. sieversii leaves increased by mem- brane lipid peroxidation. Cells resist water stress-induced membrane lipid peroxidation and clear the increased reactive oxygen species by improving soluble protein content and SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities. However, various enzymes were involved in the response to water stress under different moisture conditions. In addition, the results indicated that M. sieversii had a good adaptability to higher relative soil water contents.

铋系含氧酸盐改性镁水解制氢的动/热力学研究

Mg基制氢材料具有来源广泛、反应温和、工艺简单、安全可控、理论产氢量高等优势,是当今的研究热点.本文提出采用高能球磨方法制备Mg-Bi系含氧酸盐Bi_(x)M_(y)O_(z)(M=Ti,V,Cr,Mo,W)复合材料以改善Mg水解制氢性能.本工作研究发现,掺杂Bi_(2)Mo O_(6)的Mg基复合制氢材料具有较好的性能,Mg-7 wt%Bi_(2)Mo O_(6)在298.15 K的最大产氢速率为756.1 m L g^(-1)min(-1).通过引入多壁碳纳米管(CNTs)可以进一步改善Mg-Bi_(2)Mo O_(6)的产氢性能,Mg-7 wt%Bi_(2)Mo O_(6)/CNTs的最大产氢速率达2172.4 m L g^(-1)min(-1),产氢活化能下降至23.6 k J mol^(-1).X光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明Bi_(2)Mo O_(6)/CNTs与Mg在球磨过程中发生固相反应生成Bi单质.密度泛函理论(DFT)计算揭示Bi原子掺杂可改变Mg的局域电荷分布,增强Mg对H_(2)O的吸附能,并降低H_(2)O解离后H原子的吸附能,促进水解反应进行.

CO_2 Removal from Biogas by Water Washing System

CO2 removal from biogas by water washing system was investigated with various parameters, including liquid/ gas ratio, pressure, temperature, and CO2 content. The results indicate that CO2 removal ratio could reach 34.6%- 94.2% as liquid/gas ratio increased from 0.14 to 0.50. Increasing pressure （from 0.8 to 1.2 MPa） could improve gas purification with a constant inflow rate of gas. Temperature played a key role in the process and lower temper- ature in absorption tower was beneficial for reducing CO2 content. CO2 removal ratio could reach 24.4%-83.2% when CO2 content in the simulated gas was 25%-45%. The lowest CO2 content after absorption was 2.6% at 1.2 MPa with 400 L·h-1 gas flow and 200 L·h-1 water flow, which meets the requirement of CO2 content in natural Ras for vehicle fuel.

Silicon and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Igneous Rocks from the Eastern Manus Basin

This paper reports silicon and oxygen isotopes of 20 kinds of igneous rocks and their major elements from the eastern Manus Basin. Combining silicon and oxygen isotopic data from other studies, we suppose that both δ30Si and δ18O values increase with the increasing of SiO2 content. It means that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes are affected by the silica content. The positive correlation between CaO/Al2O3 ratios and MgO and that between Si/Al and SiO2 content indicate that clinopyroxene is the predominant mineral phase in our samples. We suppose that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes are influenced by mineral fractional crystallization. Probably, it is due to their different silicon and oxygen bridges. In this study, the δ30Simean value=-0.17‰±0.17‰ and δ18Omean value= +6.07‰±0.57‰ are higher than normal δ30Si and δ18O values of mantle, and we propose that these igneous rocks in the eastern Manus Basin are affected by hydrothermal alteration.

Geoengineering: Basic science and ongoing research efforts in China

Geoengineering （also called climate engineering）, which refers to large-scale intervention in the Earth＇s climate system to counteract greenhouse gas-induced warming, has been one of the most rapidly growing areas of climate research as a potential option for tackling global warming. Here, we provide an overview of the scientific background and research progress of proposed geoengineering schemes. Geo- engineering can be broadly divided into two categories： solar geoengineering （also called solar radiation management, or SRM）, which aims to reflect more sunlight to space, and carbon dioxide removal （CDR）, which aims to reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere. First, we review different proposed geoengineering methods involved in the solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal schemes. Then, we discuss the fundamental science underlying the climate response to the carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management schemes. We focus on two basic issues： 1） climate response to the reduction in solar irradiance and 2） climate response to the reduction in atmospheric COe. Next, we introduce an ongoing geoengineering research project in China that is supported by National Key Basic Research Program. This research project, being the first coordinated geoengineering research program in China, will systematically investigate the physical mechanisms, climate impacts, and risk and governance of a few targeted geoengineering schemes. It is expected that this research program will help us gain a deep understanding of the physical science underlying geoengineering schemes and the impacts of geoengineering on global climate, in particular, on the Asia monsoon region.

What Life Is and How It Originated

This paper refutes the mechanistic interpretation of cellular dynamics and contends that the life-giving principle is sustained growth a biological system and is uninterrupted growth balanced in a dynamic state by synthesis and dissolution. The process began by an oxidation/reduction reaction on the surface of pyrite energized photovoltaically by sunlight. Hydrogen sulfide was oxidized, carbon dioxide was reduced, and phosphate on the surface of the pyrite was a reactant. The first organic compounds were sulfides and phosphoglycerates. These organophosphates were at the center of the energy cycle of all life where the dehydration of a relatively unreactive ＂low-energy＂ two-phosphoglycerate transforms it into the ＂high-energy＂ phosphoenolpyruvate. Life began as a growth process and continues to grow ceaselessly out of necessity. It cannot discontinue the life-giving energy flow without irreparable loss of the process. All forms of life past and present were and are stabilized systems in which the growth process is contained in metabolic turnover.

Effect of TiO_2 content on the microwave dielectric properties of BaO-ZnO-TiO_2 ceramics

In this paper,the BaO-0.6ZnO-xTiO2 ceramics with x=2.5-2.8 have been prepared by the conventional solid-state ceramic route for the purpose of investigating the effect of TiO2 content on the microwave dielectric properties.The XRD results showed that the main crystal phase in the sintered ceramics was Ba4ZnTi11O27 and that the additional phases:Ba2ZnTi5O13 and BaZn2.03Ti3.93O10.89 were presented,depending on the TiO2 contents.The SEM photographs of the samples sintered at 1200℃ for 2 h showed a high compact microstructure.Because the phase composition of ceramics samples was changed with TiO2 content,the dielectric constant(εr),the quality factor values(Q×f) and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(τf) were first increased,continuously came up to a peak value,and then let up.It was lucky to find that the sample with composition BaO-0.6ZnO-2.7TiO2 had both the maximum dielectric constant εr=36.1 and the maximum Q×f value of 29320 GHz,and more importantly,it had an acceptable temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τf=10.45 ppm/℃.