应用综合物探法勘查评价抚顺榆林局部塌陷区

利用测地工作、重力测量、高精度磁测、甚低频电磁法、电测深测量、浅层地震折射波法等物探方法，勘查评价了抚顺榆林局部塌陷区．利用物探方法可查明本区内的断裂构造、地下空洞、含水层位的分布情况，并综合所有物探成果及地质、地形测量工作成果进行推断解释．研究了该塌陷区沉降与塌陷的机理，总结塌陷原因，指出塌陷隐患部位．

综合测井资料在灵新煤矿六采区水文地质补充勘探中的应用

对灵新煤矿六采区进行了煤岩层对比,准确划分了各钻孔"宝塔砂岩"含水层的深度与厚度.其中,L704钻孔含水层深度364 m,厚度61 m;L705钻孔含水层深度555 m,厚度86 m;L706钻孔含水层深度546 m,厚度71 m.同时,求得L706钻孔含水层渗透系数0.01,影响半径170 m,出水量4.85 m3/h等水文参数.

Numerical simulation of dewatering thick unconsolidated aquifers for safety of underground coal mining

With an increase of mining the upper limits under unconsolidated aquifers, dewatering of the bottom aquifer of the Quaternary system has become a major method to avoid water and sand inrushes.In the 8th District of the Taiping Coal Mine in south-western Shandong province, the bottom aquifer of the Quaternary system is moderate to excellent in water-yielding capacity.The base rock above the coal seam is very thin in the concealed coal field of the Carboniferous and Permian systems.Therefore, a comprehensive dewatering plan from both the ground surface and the panel was proposed to lower the groundwater level in order to ensure mining safety.According to the hydrogeologic conditions of the 8th District, we established a numerical model so that we could simulate the groundwater flow in the dewatering process.We obtained the simulation parameters from previous data using backward modeling, such as the average coefficient of permeability of 12 m/d and the elastic storage coefficient of 0.002.From the same model, we predicted the movement of groundwater and water level variables and obtained the visible effect of the dewatering project.Despite the overburden failure during mining, no water and/or sand inrush occurred because the groundwater level in the bottom aquifer was lowered to a safe water level.

Relationship between Hydrogeological Structure and Groundwater Exploitation Capacity in Aquifer of the Basin of Cai Phan Rang River, Ninh Thuan Province, Viet Nam

This article presents the results of dividing the hydrogeological structure zones in aquifer of Cai Phan Rang river basin, Ninh Thuan province, Viet Nam, and the relationship between parameters of hydrogeological structure zones with water storage capacity of hydrogeological structure. Research results divided hydrogeological structure of Cai Phan Rang River Basin into four zones, including three zones with depression bedrock and one zone with slope bedrock, and the results assessed： （1） specific discharge of exploitation well is proportional to zone area of hydrogeological structure; （2） specific discharge of exploitation well is inversely proportional to slope of bedrock surface, slope of water level in zone and area of drainage surface of hydrogeological structure zone; （3） water level fluctuation in zone is proportional to slope of bedrock surface, slope of water level in zone and inversely proportional to distribution area of zone; （4） total mineralization of water is proportional to bedrock surface slope and water level slope in zone, and inversely proportional to drainage surface area of zone and volume of structural depression. Research results are practical significance in solutions proposal to increase exploitation capacity for various water use purposes.

Influence of drainage of aquifer on settling of ground surface in mining area with high ground water level

Based on the basic principles of hydrogeology and soil mechanics, studied thegenesis mechanism and control factors of settling of ground surface caused by the drainageof the aquifer in the construction of coal mines, and put forward a corresponding calculatingmodel demonstrated by practical example.The study provides mining areas,which are covered with a very thick Quaternary soil layer and abundant ground water, witha theoretical basis aimed at forecasting the settling of ground surface.

Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Groundwater in Aguanaval and Chupaderos Aquifers （Mexico）

Adequate regional groundwater assessment studies are essential for the correct groundwater management by policy/decision makers; increased use of groundwater resources and drought have led to concern about the future availability of groundwater to meet domestic, agricultural, industrial, and environmental needs. Deep understanding of spatial and temporal water table dynamics together with transport processes is required. This paper gathers historical geological, hidrological and chemical information for quantitative and qualitative as well as spatial and temporal evolution of groundwater for Aguanaval and Chupaderos aquifers, both surrounding Calera aquifer in Mexico. Historical databases were employed to determine temporal trends of water levels and values were projected for years 2010, 2030 and 2050. Potential recharge sites were also identified through water level-topography correlation. The water quality analysis was completed by obtaining, through geostatistics, spatial distributions for bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, total dissolved solids, temperature, and sodium, employing databases generated in recent sampling campaigns. This analysis provided additional elements to help understand the functioning of groundwater in studied aquifers. Finally, results were compared with permissible values established in the Mexican norm.

Modeling Groundwater Levels on the Calera Aquifer Region in Central Mexico Using ModFIow

A conceptual model for the Calera Aquifer has been created to represent the aquifer system beneath the Calera Aquifer Region （CAR） in the State of Zacatecas, Mexico. The CAR area was uniformly partitioned into a 500 x 500 m grid generating a high resolution model that represented the natural boundaries of the aquifer. A computer model was calibrated and validated to verify output from the model corresponding to situations that matched the historical aquifer performance. Predicted groundwater levels were compared with measured data collected from nine observation wells between 1954 and 2004 to evaluate model performance. The main objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a groundwater modeling system using ModFlow-2000 for the CAR. Performance statistics indicated that the model performed well in simulating historic groundwater levels in the central part of the CAR where irrigated agriculture was concentrated. Results evaluation yielded average coefficients of determination of 0.81 and 0.67 and root mean square error values lower than 25.1 m and 25.9 m for the calibration and validation processes, respectively. These results are indicative of a good agreement between predicted and observed groundwater levels. However, further improvements in the conceptual model may be needed to improve predictions in other parts of the CAR for evaluating alternative groundwater management strategies.

高密度电法在工程地质勘察中的应用实例

高密度电法具有点距密、数据采集密度大、施工效率高和分辨率高的特点,工程地质勘察、管线探测、物探找水、岩溶及地质灾害调查等工程物探中已逐渐成为常用的方法。本文首先介绍了高密度电法的基本原理,并以常用的、比较稳健的温纳装置方式进行剖析,然后从4个测区高密度电法工作结果与钻孔验证的实例来说明高密度电法在工程上的应用效果。