上海市陆域承压含水层水位动态演化影响因素探究

地下水水位动态演化具有明显的地方性特征.分析了2005 -2013年各影响因素对上海市外环线内侧陆域各承压含水层最高水位和水位最大变幅的影响,发现全年降水量、地表水年径流总量、长江干流年过境水资源总量、第Ⅲ承压层地下水实际人工回灌量等对其都没有显著影响;太湖流域年过境水资源总量与其存在显著的中度正相关关系;地下水实际人工回灌量 对其影响非常显著,属于强相关关系.

潮汐规律与煤矿地下含水层水位的变化规律分析

通过对中煤新集二矿主要含水层地面水文长观孔长期进行动态监测分析发现,地下含水层水位变化随着潮汐规律而密切变化,该规律对指导矿井判别主要含水层之间的水力联系、突水预警决策及科学设定水动态监测系统预警值均具有重要的指导意义。

榆神矿区锦界矿含水层水化学特征及矿井水来源分析

以陕北侏罗纪煤田榆神矿区锦界煤矿为例,开展了煤矿地下水含水层水文地球化学特征研究;并根据矿区含水层及井下矿井水的水化学特征、工作面回采导水裂缝带发育高度、含水层水位变化等方面的分析结果,确定了矿井水的来源。结果表明:该区矿井水接受风化基岩裂隙承压水和萨拉乌苏组潜水的补给;矿井水中裂隙水补给占45%,萨拉乌苏组潜水补给占55%。

抽水试验中不同位置自动水位计响应数据应用分析

抽水试验中,动水位数据采集记录及处理分析对水文地质参数计算具有重要意义。近年来自动水位计被广泛用于抽水试验,通过传感器压强水头变化值获取水位降深。因井管内水流动会产生水头损失,自动水位计安放位置不同会导致获取的井水位降深不同,不同于传统方法测得的井水面降深,对水文地质参数计算将产生一定影响,因此如何合理放置自动水位计以及在参数计算中如何应用其获取的水位降深都亟待开展试验研究。在黑河流域第四系大厚度含水层地区,选择典型单层试验孔和利用分层封隔技术实现的一孔同径多层抽水孔开展试验研究,在动水位以下抽水试验层段上部、中部、下部以及潜水泵上部和下部分别放置自动水位计进行了系统的数据采集分析。结果表明:抽水试验中因井管内水流沿程水头损失及速度水头差异导致不同位置自动水位计获得压强水头变化值不同,本次试验实测到井筒内不同部位井损值;井损值在潜水泵进水口处最大,随距潜水泵距离的增大而减小,为避开井筒内较大水头损失对参数计算的影响,自动水位计宜优选安放在潜水泵上部接近动水位位置;在单孔抽水试验中利用稳定流公式计算水文地质参数时,自动水位计获取水位降深含井损不可忽略,需通过多落程抽水试验数据分析扣除后使用。同时,抽水试验中自动水位计不同位置获取数据的处理分析方法为更好地理解井中水头损失提供了依据。

矿井涌水量灰色GM(1,2)预测模型

基于矿井涌水量序列具有明显的随机性和灰色特征,建立涌水量GM(1,2)预测模型,以克服灰色GM(1,1)模型对于随机波动大的长序列预测效果差的缺点。以王行庄煤矿为例,针对2012年7月至2013年12月王行庄煤矿18个月的涌水量资料,考虑与之密切相关的L7-8灰岩含水层水位降深,建立了矿井涌水量GM(1,2)预测模型;预测了2014年1—4月的涌水量;并与GM(1,1)预测模型进行模型精度与预测精度的比较。结果表明:GM(1,2)模型的预测精度达到了97.44%,GM(1,1)模型的预测精度为92.60%,GM(1,2)模型明显提高了矿井涌水量的预测精度。

矿井水动态监测预警及智能调度系统应用

针对保德煤矿防治水工作实际情况,合理布设井上下水文监测点的位置、数量、类型,实时动态掌握各主要含水层、矿井涌水量变化。项目实施后,可有效监测地面降水量、含水层水位、井下水仓水位、主要管道流量、明渠流量、出水点水温、涌水量等参数,了解涌水量与地下水位变化之间的关系,掌握各含水层之间的水力联系特征,建立矿井水动态监测预警及智能调度系统,在数据越限时通过声音、屏幕凸显以及手机短信进行预警,同时在原来的管网基础上加设电动阀门,电动阀门控制线路接入井下PLC可编程控制柜,再由光纤连接Internet网络,再由地面远程计算机终端根据各监测点的数值实时调控井下康孙62联巷水源井(供水)、康孙22联巷采空区注水孔、桥头五平台水源井(供水)、矿井清水泵房(净化、供水)等主要供水点的电动阀门开启、关闭,根据供需关系,对矿井水资源进行合理调配。

黄土沟壑型煤炭开采对地下水系统影响的数值模拟研究

在黄土沟壑区,由于煤层埋藏浅,煤炭资源的开发对地下水系统造成重大影响。本文以神东矿区大柳塔煤田为例,利用地下水数值模拟技术,对采前地下水流特征、现状开采条件下地下水流场、维持开采条件的地下水动态以及采煤对地下水均衡的影响等进行深入分析和研究。得到煤炭开采造成地下水位明显下降,并且随着持续采掘,对地下水影响加剧,地下水水均衡总量持续减少,并且由于流场变化,导致侧向补给量直线减少,向采掘空间排泄量相对增加,潜水蒸发量相对减少,向河流排泄量明显减少,最后趋于稳定。

Numerical simulation of dewatering thick unconsolidated aquifers for safety of underground coal mining

With an increase of mining the upper limits under unconsolidated aquifers, dewatering of the bottom aquifer of the Quaternary system has become a major method to avoid water and sand inrushes.In the 8th District of the Taiping Coal Mine in south-western Shandong province, the bottom aquifer of the Quaternary system is moderate to excellent in water-yielding capacity.The base rock above the coal seam is very thin in the concealed coal field of the Carboniferous and Permian systems.Therefore, a comprehensive dewatering plan from both the ground surface and the panel was proposed to lower the groundwater level in order to ensure mining safety.According to the hydrogeologic conditions of the 8th District, we established a numerical model so that we could simulate the groundwater flow in the dewatering process.We obtained the simulation parameters from previous data using backward modeling, such as the average coefficient of permeability of 12 m/d and the elastic storage coefficient of 0.002.From the same model, we predicted the movement of groundwater and water level variables and obtained the visible effect of the dewatering project.Despite the overburden failure during mining, no water and/or sand inrush occurred because the groundwater level in the bottom aquifer was lowered to a safe water level.

Relationship between Hydrogeological Structure and Groundwater Exploitation Capacity in Aquifer of the Basin of Cai Phan Rang River, Ninh Thuan Province, Viet Nam

This article presents the results of dividing the hydrogeological structure zones in aquifer of Cai Phan Rang river basin, Ninh Thuan province, Viet Nam, and the relationship between parameters of hydrogeological structure zones with water storage capacity of hydrogeological structure. Research results divided hydrogeological structure of Cai Phan Rang River Basin into four zones, including three zones with depression bedrock and one zone with slope bedrock, and the results assessed： （1） specific discharge of exploitation well is proportional to zone area of hydrogeological structure; （2） specific discharge of exploitation well is inversely proportional to slope of bedrock surface, slope of water level in zone and area of drainage surface of hydrogeological structure zone; （3） water level fluctuation in zone is proportional to slope of bedrock surface, slope of water level in zone and inversely proportional to distribution area of zone; （4） total mineralization of water is proportional to bedrock surface slope and water level slope in zone, and inversely proportional to drainage surface area of zone and volume of structural depression. Research results are practical significance in solutions proposal to increase exploitation capacity for various water use purposes.

Influence of drainage of aquifer on settling of ground surface in mining area with high ground water level

Based on the basic principles of hydrogeology and soil mechanics, studied thegenesis mechanism and control factors of settling of ground surface caused by the drainageof the aquifer in the construction of coal mines, and put forward a corresponding calculatingmodel demonstrated by practical example.The study provides mining areas,which are covered with a very thick Quaternary soil layer and abundant ground water, witha theoretical basis aimed at forecasting the settling of ground surface.

Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Groundwater in Aguanaval and Chupaderos Aquifers （Mexico）

Adequate regional groundwater assessment studies are essential for the correct groundwater management by policy/decision makers; increased use of groundwater resources and drought have led to concern about the future availability of groundwater to meet domestic, agricultural, industrial, and environmental needs. Deep understanding of spatial and temporal water table dynamics together with transport processes is required. This paper gathers historical geological, hidrological and chemical information for quantitative and qualitative as well as spatial and temporal evolution of groundwater for Aguanaval and Chupaderos aquifers, both surrounding Calera aquifer in Mexico. Historical databases were employed to determine temporal trends of water levels and values were projected for years 2010, 2030 and 2050. Potential recharge sites were also identified through water level-topography correlation. The water quality analysis was completed by obtaining, through geostatistics, spatial distributions for bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, total dissolved solids, temperature, and sodium, employing databases generated in recent sampling campaigns. This analysis provided additional elements to help understand the functioning of groundwater in studied aquifers. Finally, results were compared with permissible values established in the Mexican norm.

Modeling Groundwater Levels on the Calera Aquifer Region in Central Mexico Using ModFIow

A conceptual model for the Calera Aquifer has been created to represent the aquifer system beneath the Calera Aquifer Region （CAR） in the State of Zacatecas, Mexico. The CAR area was uniformly partitioned into a 500 x 500 m grid generating a high resolution model that represented the natural boundaries of the aquifer. A computer model was calibrated and validated to verify output from the model corresponding to situations that matched the historical aquifer performance. Predicted groundwater levels were compared with measured data collected from nine observation wells between 1954 and 2004 to evaluate model performance. The main objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a groundwater modeling system using ModFlow-2000 for the CAR. Performance statistics indicated that the model performed well in simulating historic groundwater levels in the central part of the CAR where irrigated agriculture was concentrated. Results evaluation yielded average coefficients of determination of 0.81 and 0.67 and root mean square error values lower than 25.1 m and 25.9 m for the calibration and validation processes, respectively. These results are indicative of a good agreement between predicted and observed groundwater levels. However, further improvements in the conceptual model may be needed to improve predictions in other parts of the CAR for evaluating alternative groundwater management strategies.

水库下采煤水情在线自动监测系统

为确保水库下特厚煤层综放开采安全,针对大平煤矿水文地质条件,结合矿井上下工业环网通讯平台,建立了由水库水位监测系统、白垩系含水层水位监测系统和井下矿井工作面涌水量监测系统组成的水库下采煤水情在线自动监测系统;在Windows98/2000/XP环境下,实现了从数据采集处理到水情信息发布的自动化。通过N1S2工作面回采期间运行应用,监测成果反映出白垩系含水层下部含水段底板隔水层破坏、导水,上部风化带含水段与工作面涌水间无水力联系,库下采煤安全可靠。