裂缝性潜山油藏含水评价方法研究

以油田开发理论分析为基础,根据油井的含水变化规律和童氏水驱曲线,并根据典型裂缝性潜山油藏的统计结果,建立了裂缝性潜山油藏含水率与采出程度的评价曲线。实例应用结果表明,该方法简单可行,可用于现场水驱油田开发效果的评价。

一种水驱开发效果评价方法在辽河油田的应用

针对辽河油区不同类型注水开发油藏的地质特征、开发特点和评价指标分析 ,利用灰色系统理论 ,建立了油藏水驱开发效果的综合评价参数和指标 ,对不同类型油田的开发效果进行了综合评价 ,对不同开发效果的水驱开发油田提出了开发调整建议 ,为该区油田开发决策和改善油田开发效果提供了依据 .

基于时间-温度拟合曲线的岩心密闭试验参数优化方法

密闭试验是含气储层含水观察常用方法,但是在实际操作过程中试验温度与密闭时间没有统一标准,观察结果对比性较差,不利于岩性含水性的判断。通过试验测定在不同温度下岩心水分挥发量与时间的关系,用曲线拟合方法,优选出岩心密闭试验最佳参数组合,结果表明,在60℃条件下,密闭时间为120 min后观察袋壁附着水珠产状效果最佳。参数定量后,密闭试验的可比性显著增强,实现了从单井解释到井间对比,在油田勘探开发中具有一定的应用前景。

Research Progress of Evaluation Index of Soil Moisture

In modern agriculture, accurate and effective measurements of soil water content lays foundation for promotion on precision irrigation technology and improvement on water use efficiency. The research reviewed soil moisture indices at home and abroad and classified the indices into two categories in order to make prediction on soil moisture and take measures. Specifically, single indices included precipitation index, soil moisture index, and crop drought index and overall indices included supply/demand water index of crops, overall water index, PDSI, crop water shortage index. Soil moisture index was analyzed in terms of advantages and disadvantages,as well as adaptability in agriculture, providing references for relieving and predicting adverse effects on agriculture and formulating scientific policies.

Seed Recalcitrance:a Current Assessment

Seeds have been categorized as orthodox, recalcitrant and intermediate seeds according to their dehydration behaviors. Identification of desiccation-tolerance and -sensitivity of seeds is the basis making storage strategy of seeds and long-term conservation of species gene resources. In addition to the inherent characteristics of the species, developmental status of the seeds, dehydration rate, and the conditions under which they are dried and subsequently re-imbibed are very important factors influencing desiccation tolerance of seeds. Survival, electrolyte leakage rate, and germination/growth rate produced by survived seeds are a excellent synthetic parameter when discussing desiccation tolerance of seeds. Desiccation tolerance of seeds is a quantitative feature. The term 'critical water content' is incorrect and has caused some confusion in assessment of seed recalcitrance. A new working approach to quantify the degree of seed recalcitrance has been proposed in this paper.

Effects of Water Stress on Leaf Water and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Sugarcane Seedling

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of water stress on leaf water and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of sugarcane seedling,as well as to provide basis for the study on sugarcane production and evaluation. [Method] Seven different sugarcane varieties were studied at the seedling stage under drought stress,and the changes of leaf water and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under stress conditions were detected. [Result] leaf water potential,leaf relative water content and soil relative water content showed a certain amount of internal relationship,the sugarcane varieties that had more tolerant to drought had higher utilization rate of soil water; the correlation analysis and factor analysis suggested that the survival rate at seedling stage under drought stress,Fv/Fm,leaf water potential and relative water content could be used as drought resistance evaluation indicators. [Conclusion] As a relatively independent influencing factor,water potential had dominating effect on drought resistance,and the reliability of Fv/Fm as drought resistance evaluation indicator had been verified.

Investigation and Evaluation on Soil Heavy Metal Contents in Fruit Producing Area in Baise City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate heavy metal conditions in fruit producing area in Baise City, Guangxi Province. [Method] Heavy metal contents in 106 soil samples collected from fruit producing area in Youjiang District, Baise City, Guangxi Province were analyzed, and soil heavy metal pollution condition in this area was estimated applying single factor index method and Hakanson＇ potential ecological risk index method with reference to the second grade of National Soil Environmental Quality Standard and soil background values of this area. [Result] According to the second grade of National Soil Environmental Quality Standard, soil heavy metals in this fruit producing area is at the level of no pollution; and the total potential ecological risk pollution risk （RI） of soil heavy metals was 97.7, indicating no risk. [Conclusion] The fruit producing area in Baise City, Guangxi Province is free of heavy metal pollution.

Evaluation of Soil Fertility Suitability of Yiliang Tobacco-growing Areas in Yunnan Province

[Objective]This study was conducted to evaluate the soil fertility in Yiliantobacco-growing areas of Hunan Province.[Method]The soil nutrient contents iseven tobacco-growing towns of Yiliang County,Yunnan Province were surveyefrom 2010 to 2013 and integrated soil fertility index（SFI value）was calculated tanalyze the soil fertility suitability in theses areas.[Result]The soil p H,contents oorganic matter,hydrolytic N,rapidly available K and available B were all at an appropriate level,while the contents of rapidly available P,available Mg,available Zand water-soluble Cl-were high.Among them,the contents of available P and water-soluble Cl-had great variation.Finally,the soil fertility suitability of Yiliang tobacco-growing areas was graded based on their SFI values.As a result,20%of thestobacco-growing areas were in Grade I,47.7%in Grade II,29.3%in Grade III1.5%in Grade IV and 1.5%in Grade V.The average SFI was 0.61.From 2010 t2013,the p H value and available Mg content reduced year by year,while the contents of organic matter,hydrolytic N,rapidly available P,rapidly available K,available Zn,available B and water-soluble Cl-were increased.

Optimization and Shelf-Life Evaluation of Pearl Millet Based Halwa Dry Mix

Indian traditional sweet dish i.e. halwa was developed from pearl millet grains. Pearl millet grains （Pennisetum typhoides var. PHB-2168） were steamed for 20 min at 1.05 kg cm^2 in order to minimize lipase activity, total phenols, phytic acid and tannins content. Steamed grains were dried （12 ± 0.5% moisture content）, pearled, milled, sieved through sieve opening size of 0.234 mm and were used for study. Central composite rotatable design （CCRD） with three independent variables i.e. vanaspati, sugar and water for rehydration were used to design the experiments. Sensory responses and rehydration ratio were used to study the individual and interactive effects of variables. Sensory score for colour varied from taste 6.3-7.9, mouth feel 6.4-7.8, overall acceptability （OAA） 6.5-7.9 and rehydration ratio （RR） from 1.4 to 2.3. All the responses fitted into quadratic equation with R2 〉 0.80. Halwa dry mix was also evaluated for stability in polyethylene pouches at ambient conditions and the peroxide and free fatty acids value were 21.35 meqO2 kg^-1 fat, 0.55% （oleic acid）, respectively after 6 months of storage. Based on compromise optimization, optimum levels of the ingredients recommended with 86.4% desirability were： vanaspati 38.6 g 100 g^-1 pearl millet semolina （PMS）, sugar 88.7 g 100 g^-1 PMS and water for rehydration 151 mL 100 g^-1 dry mix.

Evaluation of Three Sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.） Hybrids for Salt Tolerance in Vitro

This study aimed to induce callus from three sunflower （Helianthus annulus L.） hybrids, namely Anna, Alhaja and Kuds, and to evaluate their callus for salt stress tolerance. Cotyledons and hypocotyl were taken from seedling of these hybrids and cultured on MS media contained 2,4-D （0,0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L） and kinetin （0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L）. The cultures incubated at 25 ＋ I^C under light condition （1,000 Lux） for 16 h/day. After 6 weeks observations were taken on the response of cotyledons and hypocotyl to callus induction. The induced callus were cultured on the same MS media that contained appropriate concentrations of 2,4-D and kinetin for callus induction as well as contained various concentration of sodium chloride NaCI （0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2%）. After six weeks callus fresh and dry weights, proline and total carbohydrates concentrations were measured. The results showed significant differences among the hybrids, explants, 2,4-D and kinetin concentration and significant interaction between them in their percentage response for callus induction. The results also revealed that fresh and dry weights were significantly reduced with increased NaCI concentration in the medium, hybrids showed significant differences in their response to salt stress. Proline and total carbohydrate concentration increased in callus as NaCI increased in the media. Significant interaction was showed between hybrids and NaCI concentration in these parameters.

Evaluation Model Construction of Peak Sweet Processing Suitability of Different Varieties of Chestnut

[Objective] The aims was to construct peak sweet processing suitability evaluation model and determine the suitable varieties of peak sweet processing in chestnut. [Method] ＂Zaofeng＂, ＂Yah Long＂ etc. 15 chestnut varieties in Yan Shan area were taken as research objects and investigated the sensory, physicochemical nutrition and processing indexes. The correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were adopted to simplify and calculate the evaluation index, and set up the mathematical model. [Result] Obvious differences in different varieties of raw materials and products of each index and some indicators existed significant correlation relationship; principal component analysis determined the five principal components： hardness, b value, moisture content, total sugar, browning degree and edible rate or the core indicators of quality evaluation in peak sweet chestnut, and the establishment of products comprehensive value scoring model： Y=0.033 509 hardness ＋0.033 509 b value ＋0.f85 1＇73 moisture content ＋0.208 983 total sugar ＋0.108 499 browning degree ＋0.430 327 ratio of feed, peak sweet chestnut quality and raw material associated model： Y=-1.109＋0.015 ratio of good fruit -0.018 kernel hardness ＋0.008 starch, [Conclusion] Peak sweet chestnut processing suitability evaluation model can provide the basis for chestnut processing and the suitable processing of the chestnut breeding; ＂Yanguang＂, ＂Yan Long＂, ＂Yankui＂, are very suitable, and ＂Zibo＂, ＂Yah Ping＂ are more appropriate for peak sweet processing.