日益增多的研究表明,大气CO2含量升高能显著影响陆地生态系统的土壤微量元素状况,但有关湿地生态系统水体微量元素状况的相关研究非常少。为此,本研究借助我国稻田FACE(Free Air CO2 Enrichment)试验(位于江苏省江都市,始于2004年),于2...日益增多的研究表明,大气CO2含量升高能显著影响陆地生态系统的土壤微量元素状况,但有关湿地生态系统水体微量元素状况的相关研究非常少。为此,本研究借助我国稻田FACE(Free Air CO2 Enrichment)试验(位于江苏省江都市,始于2004年),于2007年对稻田水体中过滤性铁、过滤性锰和总锌的变化进行了动态监测。结果表明:大气CO2含量升高提高了稻田水体中过滤性铁,总锌及返青期、分蘖期和拔节期过滤性锰的质量浓度,但降低了孕穗期过滤性锰的质量浓度,与对照相比,FACE田块过滤性铁、总锌质量浓度平均提高了21.12%、50.20%;过滤性锰在返青期、分蘖期和拔节期平均提高了13.27%,孕穗期降低了18.03%;不同施氮水平下,过滤性铁、过滤性锰和总锌质量浓度差异不显著。上述结果还表明,大气CO2含量增高可能通过田间排水尤其是由水稻生长前期暴雨而导致的洪涝来加重稻田生态系统微量养分流失的风险。展开更多
The thermal stability of five commercial ion-exchange resin catalysts was studied by means of thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA） at elevated temperatures of up to 600℃ and isothermal temperatures in the range of 15...The thermal stability of five commercial ion-exchange resin catalysts was studied by means of thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA） at elevated temperatures of up to 600℃ and isothermal temperatures in the range of 150℃ and 200 ℃. Resin samples with different initial water contents were also investigated. The study indicated that TGA, as a complementary evaluating method for the plug flow reactor system approach, could be used as a fast analyzing means for study on the thermal stability of ion-exchange resin catalysts. The stoichiometric calculation of the isothermally treated resin catalysts based on the FTIR analysis and acid capacity confirmed that the weight loss of the resins at 150℃ and 200℃ was caused by the desulfonation process and that desulfonation occurred mainly at the para-position of the benzene ring in the resins. H＋ ions and moisture played an important role in the desulfonation process.展开更多
The effects of CO2 enrichment on the growth and glueosinolate （GS） concentrations in the bolting stem of Chinese kale （Brassica alboglabra L.） treated with three nitrogen （N） concentrations （5, 10, and 20 mmol/...The effects of CO2 enrichment on the growth and glueosinolate （GS） concentrations in the bolting stem of Chinese kale （Brassica alboglabra L.） treated with three nitrogen （N） concentrations （5, 10, and 20 mmol/L） were investigated. Height, stem thickness, and dry weights of the total aerial parts, bolting stems, and roots, as well as the root to shoot ratio, significantly increased as CO2 concentration was elevated from 350 to 800 μl/L at each N concentration. In the edible part of the bolting stem, 11 individual GSs were identified, including 7 aliphatic and 4 indolyl GSs. GS concentration was affected by the elevated CO2 concentration, N concentration, and CO2×N interaction. At 5 and 10 mmol N/L, the concentrations of aliphatic GSs and total GSs significantly increased, whereas those ofindolyl GSs were not affected, by elevated atmospheric CO2. However, at 20 mmol N/L, elevated CO2 had no significant effects on the concentrations of total GSs and total indolyl GSs, but the concentrations of total aliphatic GSs significantly increased. Moreover, the bolting stem carbon （C） content increased, whereas the N and sulfur （S） contents decreased under elevated CO2 concentration in the three N treatments, resulting in changes in the C/N and N/S ratios. Also the C/N ratio is not a reliable predictor of change of GS concentration, while the changes in N and S contents and the N/S ratio at the elevated CO2 concentration may influence the GS concentration in Chinese kale bolting stems. The results demonstrate that high nitrogen supply is beneficial for the growth of Chinese kale, but not for the GS concentration in bolting stems, under elevated CO2 condition.展开更多
文摘日益增多的研究表明,大气CO2含量升高能显著影响陆地生态系统的土壤微量元素状况,但有关湿地生态系统水体微量元素状况的相关研究非常少。为此,本研究借助我国稻田FACE(Free Air CO2 Enrichment)试验(位于江苏省江都市,始于2004年),于2007年对稻田水体中过滤性铁、过滤性锰和总锌的变化进行了动态监测。结果表明:大气CO2含量升高提高了稻田水体中过滤性铁,总锌及返青期、分蘖期和拔节期过滤性锰的质量浓度,但降低了孕穗期过滤性锰的质量浓度,与对照相比,FACE田块过滤性铁、总锌质量浓度平均提高了21.12%、50.20%;过滤性锰在返青期、分蘖期和拔节期平均提高了13.27%,孕穗期降低了18.03%;不同施氮水平下,过滤性铁、过滤性锰和总锌质量浓度差异不显著。上述结果还表明,大气CO2含量增高可能通过田间排水尤其是由水稻生长前期暴雨而导致的洪涝来加重稻田生态系统微量养分流失的风险。
基金supported financially by the Purolite Company and Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(20674069)
文摘The thermal stability of five commercial ion-exchange resin catalysts was studied by means of thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA） at elevated temperatures of up to 600℃ and isothermal temperatures in the range of 150℃ and 200 ℃. Resin samples with different initial water contents were also investigated. The study indicated that TGA, as a complementary evaluating method for the plug flow reactor system approach, could be used as a fast analyzing means for study on the thermal stability of ion-exchange resin catalysts. The stoichiometric calculation of the isothermally treated resin catalysts based on the FTIR analysis and acid capacity confirmed that the weight loss of the resins at 150℃ and 200℃ was caused by the desulfonation process and that desulfonation occurred mainly at the para-position of the benzene ring in the resins. H＋ ions and moisture played an important role in the desulfonation process.
基金Project (No. 2007CB109305) supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China
文摘The effects of CO2 enrichment on the growth and glueosinolate （GS） concentrations in the bolting stem of Chinese kale （Brassica alboglabra L.） treated with three nitrogen （N） concentrations （5, 10, and 20 mmol/L） were investigated. Height, stem thickness, and dry weights of the total aerial parts, bolting stems, and roots, as well as the root to shoot ratio, significantly increased as CO2 concentration was elevated from 350 to 800 μl/L at each N concentration. In the edible part of the bolting stem, 11 individual GSs were identified, including 7 aliphatic and 4 indolyl GSs. GS concentration was affected by the elevated CO2 concentration, N concentration, and CO2×N interaction. At 5 and 10 mmol N/L, the concentrations of aliphatic GSs and total GSs significantly increased, whereas those ofindolyl GSs were not affected, by elevated atmospheric CO2. However, at 20 mmol N/L, elevated CO2 had no significant effects on the concentrations of total GSs and total indolyl GSs, but the concentrations of total aliphatic GSs significantly increased. Moreover, the bolting stem carbon （C） content increased, whereas the N and sulfur （S） contents decreased under elevated CO2 concentration in the three N treatments, resulting in changes in the C/N and N/S ratios. Also the C/N ratio is not a reliable predictor of change of GS concentration, while the changes in N and S contents and the N/S ratio at the elevated CO2 concentration may influence the GS concentration in Chinese kale bolting stems. The results demonstrate that high nitrogen supply is beneficial for the growth of Chinese kale, but not for the GS concentration in bolting stems, under elevated CO2 condition.
