To explore the protective effects of earplug and barrel on auditory organs of guinea pigs exposed to experimental blast underpressure （BUP）. Methods： The hearing thresholds of the guinea pigs were assessed with au...To explore the protective effects of earplug and barrel on auditory organs of guinea pigs exposed to experimental blast underpressure （BUP）. Methods： The hearing thresholds of the guinea pigs were assessed with auditory brainstem responses （ABR）. The traumatic levels of tympanic membrane and ossicular chain were observed under stereo-microscope. The rate of outer hair cells （OHCs） loss was analyzed using a light microscope. The changes of guinea pigs protected with barrel and earplug were compared with those of the control group without any protection. Results： An important ABR threshold shift of the guinea pigs without any protection was detected from 8h to 14d after being exposed to BUP with a peak ranging from -64.5 kPa to -69.3 kPa （P〈0.01）. The rate of perforation of tympanic membrane reached 87.5 % and that of total OHCs loss was 19.46%± 5.38% at 14d after exposure. The guinea pigs protected with barrel and earplug had lower ABR threshold and total OHCs loss rate compared with the animals without any protection （P 〈0.01 ）. All of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of the protected animals maintained their integrities. Meanwhile, the guinea pigs protected with the barrel had lower ABR threshold and total OHCs loss rate than those with earplug （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions. The earplug and barrel have protective effects against BUP-induced trauma on auditory organs of the guinea pigs and the protective effects of barrel are better than those of earplug.展开更多
The perception of human languages is inherently a multi-modalprocess, in which audio information can be compensated by visual information to improve the recognition performance. Such a phenomenon in English, German, S...The perception of human languages is inherently a multi-modalprocess, in which audio information can be compensated by visual information to improve the recognition performance. Such a phenomenon in English, German, Spanish and so on has been researched, but in Chinese it has not been reported yet. In our experiment, 14 syllables (/ba, bi, bian, biao, bin, de, di, dian, duo, dong, gai, gan, gen, gu/), extracted from Chinese audiovisual bimodal speech database CAVSR-1.0, were pronounced by 10 subjects. The audio-only stimuli, audiovisual stimuli, and visual-only stimuli were recognized by 20 observers. The audio-only stimuli and audiovisual stimuli both were presented under 5 conditions: no noise, SNR 0 dB, -8 dB, -12 dB, and -16 dB. The experimental result is studied and the following conclusions for Chinese speech are reached. Human beings can recognize visual-only stimuli rather well. The place of articulation determines the visual distinction. In noisy environment, audio information can remarkably be compensated by visual information and as a result the recognition performance is greatly improved.展开更多
文摘To explore the protective effects of earplug and barrel on auditory organs of guinea pigs exposed to experimental blast underpressure （BUP）. Methods： The hearing thresholds of the guinea pigs were assessed with auditory brainstem responses （ABR）. The traumatic levels of tympanic membrane and ossicular chain were observed under stereo-microscope. The rate of outer hair cells （OHCs） loss was analyzed using a light microscope. The changes of guinea pigs protected with barrel and earplug were compared with those of the control group without any protection. Results： An important ABR threshold shift of the guinea pigs without any protection was detected from 8h to 14d after being exposed to BUP with a peak ranging from -64.5 kPa to -69.3 kPa （P〈0.01）. The rate of perforation of tympanic membrane reached 87.5 % and that of total OHCs loss was 19.46%± 5.38% at 14d after exposure. The guinea pigs protected with barrel and earplug had lower ABR threshold and total OHCs loss rate compared with the animals without any protection （P 〈0.01 ）. All of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of the protected animals maintained their integrities. Meanwhile, the guinea pigs protected with the barrel had lower ABR threshold and total OHCs loss rate than those with earplug （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions. The earplug and barrel have protective effects against BUP-induced trauma on auditory organs of the guinea pigs and the protective effects of barrel are better than those of earplug.
基金This work was supported by the President Foundation of the Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.98-02) "863" High Tech R&D Project of China (No. 863-306-ZD-11-1).
文摘The perception of human languages is inherently a multi-modalprocess, in which audio information can be compensated by visual information to improve the recognition performance. Such a phenomenon in English, German, Spanish and so on has been researched, but in Chinese it has not been reported yet. In our experiment, 14 syllables (/ba, bi, bian, biao, bin, de, di, dian, duo, dong, gai, gan, gen, gu/), extracted from Chinese audiovisual bimodal speech database CAVSR-1.0, were pronounced by 10 subjects. The audio-only stimuli, audiovisual stimuli, and visual-only stimuli were recognized by 20 observers. The audio-only stimuli and audiovisual stimuli both were presented under 5 conditions: no noise, SNR 0 dB, -8 dB, -12 dB, and -16 dB. The experimental result is studied and the following conclusions for Chinese speech are reached. Human beings can recognize visual-only stimuli rather well. The place of articulation determines the visual distinction. In noisy environment, audio information can remarkably be compensated by visual information and as a result the recognition performance is greatly improved.
