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语文导读中“导疑启问”的心理学分析
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作者 余国源 《西南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 CSSCI 1997年第5期125-127,共3页
“导疑启问”是语文导读的重要方法,涵盖“疑问”、“怀疑”、“问题”三层心理学意义,具有创设导读境界、激发思维与求知欲等多种心理功能。从思维科学角度考察,导疑启问包含“求疑”、“辨疑”、“解疑”三个阶段,形成从发散思维... “导疑启问”是语文导读的重要方法,涵盖“疑问”、“怀疑”、“问题”三层心理学意义,具有创设导读境界、激发思维与求知欲等多种心理功能。从思维科学角度考察,导疑启问包含“求疑”、“辨疑”、“解疑”三个阶段,形成从发散思维到收敛思维再到创造思维的科学流程。 展开更多
关键词 语文导读 导疑启问 心理学分析
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解题教学三步曲:启问·寻找·优化
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作者 徐勇 《数学通讯》 2024年第12期20-23,共4页
解题教学的根本目的是教会学生思考,教师适时运用启发性提示语进行启问,激发学生主动去寻找方法,通过反思、鉴别各种不同思路与解法,让学生思考更深入、更合理,优化思维过程,发展解题智慧,提升学生数学学习力,本文结合一个案例进行说明.
关键词 启发性提示语 解题教学 启问、寻找与优化 数学思考 案例
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注重课堂“四问” 引领数学教学
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作者 张爱萍 《中学教研(数学版)》 2016年第7期18-21,共4页
数学学习的过程就是发现问题、提出问题、解决问题的过程,问题伴随着数学学习的始终.要学得知识,就要发问,就要善问,只有这样,才能取得事半功倍的效果.数学教学中要重视“设疑启问”“善思多问”“深思慎问”“不耻下问”,
关键词 启问 多问 慎问 下问
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适时提问 催生有效数学课堂
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作者 胡新梅 《理科爱好者(教育教学版)》 2018年第2期161-161,共1页
数学学习活动过程是一个不断地发现问题、提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的过程,问题是数学教学的心脏。有效问题能激发学生学习的内驱力,促进学生积极的思维活动,是指引学生学习探究的方向,引导学生思维走向深入,提高课堂教学有效... 数学学习活动过程是一个不断地发现问题、提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的过程,问题是数学教学的心脏。有效问题能激发学生学习的内驱力,促进学生积极的思维活动,是指引学生学习探究的方向,引导学生思维走向深入,提高课堂教学有效性的关键。因此,教师要在与学生交流中的关键点不断发现,适时提问,机智地将问题引向纵深,将学生的思维引向深远,从而激发学生兴趣,培养学生思维,创建高效的数学课堂。 展开更多
关键词 设问 启问 追问 巧问
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敢问课堂在何方 问题引导在当时——英语教学中问题导向运用的尝试
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作者 顾婷婷 《学苑教育》 2015年第18期58-58,共1页
本文就小学英语教学中问题运用和启思发问运用做探析,阐述活化问题对引导学生主动思考和深入探究的重要指导意义。依据学生能力差异,设计多元化和发展性思考问题,鼓励学生在启思发问的过程中深入探究,利于提高英语学习综合运用能力。
关键词 小学英语 问题 启问
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Analysis on the Problems in Start-up and Debugging of Two 600 MW Generating Units in Yangzhou No.2 Thermal Power Plant
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作者 蒯狄正 《Electricity》 2001年第2期11-15,共5页
The problems including excessive flow of attemperating water for boiler, failure of butterfly valve at the outlet of circulating water pump, burnt-out of thyristor for excitation regulator, load variation rate of CCS ... The problems including excessive flow of attemperating water for boiler, failure of butterfly valve at the outlet of circulating water pump, burnt-out of thyristor for excitation regulator, load variation rate of CCS not complying with the contract target, etc. occurred during start-up and debugging of two 600 MW generating units in Yangzhou No.2 Thermal Power Plant. Through analysis on these problems. the remedial measures were put forward, to which can be referred for similar units. 展开更多
关键词 start-up and debugging problems analysis remedial measures 600 MW generating unit
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Applying memetic algorithm-based clustering to recommender system with high sparsity problem 被引量:2
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作者 MARUNG Ukrit THEERA-UMPON Nipon AUEPHANWIRIYAKUL Sansanee 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第9期3541-3550,共10页
A new recommendation method was presented based on memetic algorithm-based clustering. The proposed method was tested on four highly sparse real-world datasets. Its recommendation performance is evaluated and compared... A new recommendation method was presented based on memetic algorithm-based clustering. The proposed method was tested on four highly sparse real-world datasets. Its recommendation performance is evaluated and compared with that of the frequency-based, user-based, item-based, k-means clustering-based, and genetic algorithm-based methods in terms of precision, recall, and F1 score. The results show that the proposed method yields better performance under the new user cold-start problem when each of new active users selects only one or two items into the basket. The average F1 scores on all four datasets are improved by 225.0%, 61.6%, 54.6%, 49.3%, 28.8%, and 6.3% over the frequency-based, user-based, item-based, k-means clustering-based, and two genetic algorithm-based methods, respectively. 展开更多
关键词 memetic algorithm recommender system sparsity problem cold-start problem clustering method
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A Topology-Cognitive Algorithm Framework for Virtual Network Embedding Problem 被引量:7
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作者 HUANG Tao LIU Jiang +1 位作者 CHEN Jianya LIU Yunjie 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2014年第4期73-84,共12页
The virtual network embedding/mapping problem is an important issue in network virtualization in Software-Defined Networking(SDN).It is mainly concerned with mapping virtual network requests,which could be a set of SD... The virtual network embedding/mapping problem is an important issue in network virtualization in Software-Defined Networking(SDN).It is mainly concerned with mapping virtual network requests,which could be a set of SDN flows,onto a shared substrate network automatically and efficiently.Previous researches mainly focus on developing heuristic algorithms for general topology virtual network.In practice however,the virtual network is usually generated with specific topology for specific purpose.Thus,it is a challenge to optimize the heuristic algorithms with these topology information.In order to deal with this problem,we propose a topology-cognitive algorithm framework,which is composed of a guiding principle for topology algorithm developing and a compound algorithm.The compound algorithm is composed of several subalgorithms,which are optimized for specific topologies.We develop star,tree,and ring topology algorithms as examples,other subalgorithms can be easily achieved following the same framework.The simulation results show that the topology-cognitive algorithm framework is effective in developing new topology algorithms,and the developed compound algorithm greatly enhances the performance of the Revenue/Cost(R/C) ratio and the Runtime than traditional heuristic algorithms for multi-topology virtual network embedding problem. 展开更多
关键词 network virtualization software- defined networking virtual network embedding topology-cognitive
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Energy-constrained ferry route design for sparse wireless sensor networks 被引量:2
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作者 王勇 彭伟 +1 位作者 窦强 龚正虎 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2013年第11期3142-3149,共8页
In recent years,using message ferries as mechanical carriers of data has been shown to be an effective way to collect information in sparse wireless sensor networks.As the sensors are far away from each other in such ... In recent years,using message ferries as mechanical carriers of data has been shown to be an effective way to collect information in sparse wireless sensor networks.As the sensors are far away from each other in such highly partitioned scenario,a message ferry needs to travel a long route to access all the sensors and carry the data collected from the sensors to the sink.Typically,practical constraints(e.g.,the energy)preclude a ferry from visiting all sensors in a single tour.In such case,the ferry can only access part of the sensors in each tour and move back to the sink to get the energy refilled.So,the energy-constrained ferry route design(ECFRD)problem is discussed,which leads to the optimization problem of minimizing the total route length of the ferry,while keeping the route length of each tour below a given constraint.The ECFRD problem is proved to be NP-hard problem,and the integer linear programming(ILP)formulation is given.After that,efficient heuristic algorithms are proposed to solve this problem.The experimental results show that the performances of the proposed algorithms are effective in practice compared to the optimal solution. 展开更多
关键词 message ferry energy-constrained route design integer linear programming wireless sensor networks
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LETTERS
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《China's Foreign Trade》 2008年第11期57-57,共1页
Dear editor, I am a Chinese teacher for foreigners.In my class,(?)mainly teach those foreign students the Chinese language,but some of my students want to do trade business after studying,so(?)often recommend them som... Dear editor, I am a Chinese teacher for foreigners.In my class,(?)mainly teach those foreign students the Chinese language,but some of my students want to do trade business after studying,so(?)often recommend them some articles from the CHINA'S FOREIGN TRADE 展开更多
关键词 教师 对外贸易 教学方法 教学管理
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Optimal Rapid Restart of Heuristic Methods of NP Hard Problems
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作者 侯越先 王芳 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2004年第2期146-148,共3页
Many heuristic search methods exhibit a remarkable variability in the time required to solve some particular problem instances. Their cost distributions are often heavy-tailed. It has been demonstrated that, in most c... Many heuristic search methods exhibit a remarkable variability in the time required to solve some particular problem instances. Their cost distributions are often heavy-tailed. It has been demonstrated that, in most cases, rapid restart (RR) method can prominently suppress the heavy-tailed nature of the instances and improve computation efficiency. However, it is usually time-consuming to check whether an algorithm on a specific instance is heavy-tailed or not. Moreover, if the heavy-tailed distribution is confirmed and the RR method is relevant, an optimal RR threshold should be chosen to facilitate the RR mechanism. In this paper, an approximate approach is proposed to quickly check whether an algorithm on a specific instance is heavy-tailed or not. The method is realized by means of calculating the maximal Lyapunov exponent of its generic running trace. Then a statistical formula to estimate the optimal RR threshold is educed. The method is based on common nonparametric estimation, e.g., Kernel estimation. Two heuristic methods are selected to verify our method. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical consideration perfectly. 展开更多
关键词 NP hard problems heavy-tailed rapid restart(RR) Lyapunov exponent optimal RR threshold
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Robust Virtual Network Embedding Based on Component Connectivity in Large-Scale Network 被引量:4
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作者 Xiaojuan Wang Mei Song +1 位作者 Deyu Yuan Xiangru Liu 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第10期164-179,共16页
Virtual network embedding problem which is NP-hard is a key issue for implementing software-defined network which is brought about by network virtualization. Compared with other studies which focus on designing heuris... Virtual network embedding problem which is NP-hard is a key issue for implementing software-defined network which is brought about by network virtualization. Compared with other studies which focus on designing heuristic algorithms to reduce the hardness of the NP-hard problem we propose a robust VNE algorithm based on component connectivity in large-scale network. We distinguish the different components and embed VN requests onto them respectively. And k-core is applied to identify different VN topologies so that the VN request can be embedded onto its corresponding component. On the other hand, load balancing is also considered in this paper. It could avoid blocked or bottlenecked area of substrate network. Simulation experiments show that compared with other algorithms in large-scale network, acceptance ratio, average revenue and robustness can be obviously improved by our algorithm and average cost can be reduced. It also shows the relationship between the component connectivity including giant component and small components and the performance metrics. 展开更多
关键词 large-scale network component connectivity virtual network embedding SDN
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Diagrams Produced by Secondary Students in Multiplicative Comparison Word Problems 被引量:1
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《Journal of Mathematics and System Science》 2014年第2期83-92,共10页
We investigated the use of diagrams in multiplicative comparison word problems. The diagrams have been considered as one of the effective heuristic strategies or solving math problems. However, how students use during... We investigated the use of diagrams in multiplicative comparison word problems. The diagrams have been considered as one of the effective heuristic strategies or solving math problems. However, how students use during their school and the degree development that shows in their performance when applied to specific fields of knowledge is a task to be elucidated. We place our study in the school stage in which it makes the transition from arithmetic to algebra and arithmetic problems we focus on in the underlying multiplicative comparison scheme. In this paper, we analyzed the responses of high school students to the translation of multiplicative comparison word problems to representation graphs. We have used the responses of 12 -14 year old students (freshman year of secondary school) to represent multiplicative comparison word problems to identify and categorize the students responses, which allowed us identify categories for each type of representation and hypothesize priority order and subordination between the categories. Results show that students are not familiar with building diagrams that integrate existing relations in word problems. Most of the students do not use all the quantitative information contained in the word problem, therefore draw diagrams referring to the subject or context of the problem without relating to the data in it. We describe in detail the quantitative diagram types produced by these students. We have identified four kinds of quantitative diagrams that the students used to represent the multiplicative comparison problems with inconsistent statements, and these diagrams correspond to the four strategies for tackling the construction of the diagram. 展开更多
关键词 REPRESENTATIONS DIAGRAMS multiplicative comparison word problems.
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MODS: A Novel Metaheuristic of Deterministic Swapping for the Multi-Objective Optimization of Combinatorials Problems
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作者 Elias David Nifio Ruiz Carlos Julio Ardila Hemandez +2 位作者 Daladier Jabba Molinares Agustin Barrios Sarmiento Yezid Donoso Meisel 《Computer Technology and Application》 2011年第4期280-292,共13页
This paper states a new metaheuristic based on Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) for the multi - objective optimization of combinatorial problems. First, a new DFA named Multi - Objective Deterministic Finite Auto... This paper states a new metaheuristic based on Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) for the multi - objective optimization of combinatorial problems. First, a new DFA named Multi - Objective Deterministic Finite Automata (MDFA) is defined. MDFA allows the representation of the feasible solutions space of combinatorial problems. Second, it is defined and implemented a metaheuritic based on MDFA theory. It is named Metaheuristic of Deterministic Swapping (MODS). MODS is a local search strategy that works using a MDFA. Due to this, MODS never take into account unfeasible solutions. Hence, it is not necessary to verify the problem constraints for a new solution found. Lastly, MODS is tested using well know instances of the Bi-Objective Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) from TSPLIB. Its results were compared with eight Ant Colony inspired algorithms and two Genetic algorithms taken from the specialized literature. The comparison was made using metrics such as Spacing, Generational Distance, Inverse Generational Distance and No-Dominated Generation Vectors. In every case, the MODS results on the metrics were always better and in some of those cases, the superiority was 100%. 展开更多
关键词 METAHEURISTIC deterministic finite automata combinatorial problem multi - objective optimization metrics.
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Reversed and Bidirectional Irrigation Methods for Equal-Scale Virtual Network Embedding Problem
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作者 Huang Tao Liu Jiang +1 位作者 Chen Jianya Liu Yunjie 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2012年第11期127-136,共10页
Previous Virtual Network (VN) embedding researches mostly focus on developing heuristic algorithms to enhance the efficiency of a physical resource. However, in the equal-scale condition, where the scale of a VN is si... Previous Virtual Network (VN) embedding researches mostly focus on developing heuristic algorithms to enhance the efficiency of a physical resource. However, in the equal-scale condition, where the scale of a VN is similar to that of a substrate network, the number of successfully mapped VNs decreases sharply since bottlenecks form easily in the substrate network and disturb the embedding process. In this paper, reversed and bidirectional irrigation methods are proposed for the equal-scale and all-scale conditions. The two proposed methods can be combined with most of the existing heuristic algorithms and map a relatively large number of VNs by reducing the potential substrate bottlenecks. The simulation results show that the reversed irrigation method almost doubles the successfully mapped Revenue than the traditional one in the equal-scale condition. Meanwhile, the bidirectional irrigation method achieves the synthetically best performance in almost all scale conditions. 展开更多
关键词 VN embedding equal-scale reversed irrigation bidirectional irrigation
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Ant-cycle based on Metropolis rules for the traveling salesman problem
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作者 龚劬 《Journal of Chongqing University》 CAS 2005年第4期229-232,共4页
In this paper, recent developments of some heuristic algorithms were discussed. The focus was laid on the improvements of ant-cycle (AC) algorithm based on the analysis of the performances of simulated annealing (SA) ... In this paper, recent developments of some heuristic algorithms were discussed. The focus was laid on the improvements of ant-cycle (AC) algorithm based on the analysis of the performances of simulated annealing (SA) and AC for the traveling salesman problem (TSP). The Metropolis rules in SA were applied to AC and turned out an improved AC. The computational results obtained from the case study indicated that the improved AC algorithm has advantages over the sheer SA or unmixed AC. 展开更多
关键词 heuristics algorithm simulate annealing algorithm metropolis rules ant colony algorithm ant-cycle algorithm traveling salesman problem (TSP)
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Reconsider Confucius' enlightening reflection: Implications on heuristic teaching
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作者 ZHANG Jian-wen MO Rui 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2007年第7期32-38,共7页
Western heuristic teaching method was originated from Socrates who initiated the teaching mode of "teachers ask, students answer". A distinctive feature of this mode was that teachers were the decisive factor in the... Western heuristic teaching method was originated from Socrates who initiated the teaching mode of "teachers ask, students answer". A distinctive feature of this mode was that teachers were the decisive factor in the process of teaching and learning, who raised the questions at the very beginning and gave conclusions in the end. On the contrary, oriental style of heuristic teaching method based itself on the principle that students put forward their puzzles and then asked the teachers for advice. This paper will reconsider Confucius enlightening reflection and probe into how to develop students' ability of thinking by questioning strategies in the heuristic teaching methodology. 展开更多
关键词 CONFUCIUS enlightening reflection heuristic teaching THINKING QUESTIONING
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Parameter optimization of electric bus transmission system based on dynamical evolutionary algorithm
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作者 王文伟 Zhu +2 位作者 Cheng Lin Cheng 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 2010年第1期29-33,共5页
The transmission ratio is the key parameters influence power performance and economic performance of electric vehicle (EV). As a class of heuristic algorithms, Dynamical Evolutionary Algorithm (DEA) is suitable to... The transmission ratio is the key parameters influence power performance and economic performance of electric vehicle (EV). As a class of heuristic algorithms, Dynamical Evolutionary Algorithm (DEA) is suitable to solve multi-objective optimization problems. This paper presents a new method to optimize the transmission ratio using DEA. The fuzzy constraints and objective function of transmission ratio are established for parameter optimization problem of electric bus transmission. DEA is used to solve the optimiza- tion problem. The transmission system is also designed based on the optimization result. Optimization and test results show that the dynamical evolutionary algorithm is an effective method to solve transmission parameter optimization problems. 展开更多
关键词 transmission system parameter optimization dynamical evolutionary algorithm (DEA) electric bus
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MULTITASK n-VEHICLE EXPLORATION PROBLEM:COMPLEXITY AND ALGORITHM 被引量:4
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作者 Yangyang XU Jinchuan CUI 《Journal of Systems Science & Complexity》 SCIE EI CSCD 2012年第6期1080-1092,共13页
This paper extends the single-task n-Vehicle Exploration Problem to Multitask n-Vehicle Exploration Problem (MTNVEP), by combining n-Vehicle Exploration Problem with Job Scheduling Problem. At first, the authors pro... This paper extends the single-task n-Vehicle Exploration Problem to Multitask n-Vehicle Exploration Problem (MTNVEP), by combining n-Vehicle Exploration Problem with Job Scheduling Problem. At first, the authors prove that MTNVEP is NP-hard for fixed number of tasks, and it is strongly NP-hard for general number of tasks. Then they propose an improved accurate algorithm with computing time O(n3n), which is better than O(n!) as n becomes sufficiently large. Moreover, four heuristic algorithms are proposed. Effectiveness of the heuristic algorithms is illustrated by experiments at last. 展开更多
关键词 Multitask n-Vehicle Exploration Problem (MTNVEP) NP-HARD strongly NP-hard heuristic algorithm.
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1-Neighbour knapsack problem and prospective greedy algorithm of intentional islanding in active distribution network 被引量:9
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作者 YU YiXin MA ShiQian 《Science China(Technological Sciences)》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第3期568-577,共10页
A connected and undirected graph model of active distribution networks with considering the function of interconnecting switches is constructed in this paper.Based on this model,the island partition problem of active ... A connected and undirected graph model of active distribution networks with considering the function of interconnecting switches is constructed in this paper.Based on this model,the island partition problem of active distribution networks can be described as a 1-neighbour knapsack problem.An effective heuristic algorithm named prospective greedy algorithm is then proposed to solve this problem.Case studies on PG&E 69-bus network show the validity of the proposed model and algorithm. 展开更多
关键词 active distribution network island partition 1-neighbour knapsack problem perspective greedy algorithm
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