Men and women at Northwest University （n=751）, Xi＇an, China were asked to judge the attractiveness of photographs of female patients who had undergone micrograft surgery to reduce their waist-to-hip ratios （WHR）....Men and women at Northwest University （n=751）, Xi＇an, China were asked to judge the attractiveness of photographs of female patients who had undergone micrograft surgery to reduce their waist-to-hip ratios （WHR）. Micrograft surgery involves harvesting adipose tissue from the waist and reshaping the buttocks to produce a low WHR and an ‘hourglass＇ female figure. This gynoid distribution of female body fat has been shown to correlate with measures of fertility and health. Significantly larger numbers of subjects, of both sexes, chose post-operative photographs, with lower WHRs, as more attractive than pre-operative photographs of the same women. Some patients had gained, and some had lost weight, post-operatively, with resultant changes in body mass index （BMI）. However, these changes in BMI were not related to judgments of attractiveness. These results show that the hourglass female figure is rated as attractive in China, and that WHR, rather than BMI, plays a crucial role in such attractiveness judgments.展开更多
Attractabilities of different diets and dietary selectivity of Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis were studied through behavior observation and feeding experiment, respectively. The five diets used in the experi...Attractabilities of different diets and dietary selectivity of Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis were studied through behavior observation and feeding experiment, respectively. The five diets used in the experiment are: Fish Flesh (FF), Shrimp Flesh (SF), Clam Foot (CF), Polychaete Worm (PW), and Formulated Diet (FD). No significant differ- ences of attractability exist between any two different diets when every two natural diets or all five diets are provided simul- taneously. On the other hand, significant differences of attractability exist between FD and every single natural diet when they are provided simultaneously. Results of behavioral observation indicate that natural diets are more attractive than FD. In feeding experiment, Chinese shrimp has distinct selectivity on different diets. It positively selects CF and PW, negatively selects FF and SF, and excludes FD absolutely. The results of the present studies indicate that the dietary selectivity of shrimp was based not only on the attractabilities of the diets, but also on the responses such as growth and food conversion.展开更多
Islam, as a religion, has always been essentially and primarily propagated through Da＇awah （proselytisation） and it would continue to be so up to the end of human existence on this planet. Due to its universal natu...Islam, as a religion, has always been essentially and primarily propagated through Da＇awah （proselytisation） and it would continue to be so up to the end of human existence on this planet. Due to its universal nature, appeal, and guidance, Islam would have to be continuously propagated through proselytisation to all the nooks and crannies of the world particularly in this millennium when more and more people are increasingly becoming engrossed into the worship of democracy. Hence, the need for a paper in which the essential components of Da＇awah lslaamiyyah （Islamic proselytisation）, would be expatiated so that Islamic workers around the globe will rise up to the challenge. Apart from the definition of Da＇awah, the paper will discuss the four foundations of Da＇awah, namely： Ad-Da＇awah ilaa Allah （inviting people to God）, Ad-Daa＇iyah （the proselytiser, the caller, the inviter, or the person who invites people to God）, AI-Mad＇uww [the invitee（s） or person（s） that is/are being invited to God], the AI-Wusao-il wal-Asaaleeb （the means and the methods of invitation to God）, and conclusion.展开更多
In a society dominated by tourism consumption,space changes occurring in rural areas can generally reflect their social changes.On the theoretical basis of flow,regeneration and adaptation of rural tourism space,this ...In a society dominated by tourism consumption,space changes occurring in rural areas can generally reflect their social changes.On the theoretical basis of flow,regeneration and adaptation of rural tourism space,this paper originally and creatively proposes that the spatial elements in a rural tourist area can be classified into three categories:Attractions(A),Towns(T)and Villages(V).By analyzing the spatial transformation characteristics of A,T and V,five types of rural spatial transition modes are found,the types of heritage,theme park,those serving as scenic spots,leisure industrial clusters and ecotourism areas.These different classes emerge due to their geographical differentiation.They show the same spatial evolution trend:The Attractions are distributed throughout the whole area and characterized by diversification;supporting services facilities gather in the Towns;and the Villages are landscape images.In this area the traditional rural benefit trends toward that of compound development.Mufu Town,Hubei province,is taken as a study case,and the changing characteristics of A,T and V from 2006 to 2016 are described.Problems in the process of establishing the new spatial order are considered.In order to realize the synergy between production space,living space and ecological space,the interactive development between Attractions,Towns and Villages is recommended.The perspective of Attraction-Town-Village(ATV)can lead to a better understanding of the situation of tourism space in rural areas and provide directions for thinking about the reconstruction path for the modernization of traditional societies.展开更多
文摘Men and women at Northwest University （n=751）, Xi＇an, China were asked to judge the attractiveness of photographs of female patients who had undergone micrograft surgery to reduce their waist-to-hip ratios （WHR）. Micrograft surgery involves harvesting adipose tissue from the waist and reshaping the buttocks to produce a low WHR and an ‘hourglass＇ female figure. This gynoid distribution of female body fat has been shown to correlate with measures of fertility and health. Significantly larger numbers of subjects, of both sexes, chose post-operative photographs, with lower WHRs, as more attractive than pre-operative photographs of the same women. Some patients had gained, and some had lost weight, post-operatively, with resultant changes in body mass index （BMI）. However, these changes in BMI were not related to judgments of attractiveness. These results show that the hourglass female figure is rated as attractive in China, and that WHR, rather than BMI, plays a crucial role in such attractiveness judgments.
基金the Major State Basic Research of China(Grant No.G1999012011)the State Agriculture Program(Grant No.K2002-16) the Initializing Fund for Teachers of Ocean University of China.
文摘Attractabilities of different diets and dietary selectivity of Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis were studied through behavior observation and feeding experiment, respectively. The five diets used in the experiment are: Fish Flesh (FF), Shrimp Flesh (SF), Clam Foot (CF), Polychaete Worm (PW), and Formulated Diet (FD). No significant differ- ences of attractability exist between any two different diets when every two natural diets or all five diets are provided simul- taneously. On the other hand, significant differences of attractability exist between FD and every single natural diet when they are provided simultaneously. Results of behavioral observation indicate that natural diets are more attractive than FD. In feeding experiment, Chinese shrimp has distinct selectivity on different diets. It positively selects CF and PW, negatively selects FF and SF, and excludes FD absolutely. The results of the present studies indicate that the dietary selectivity of shrimp was based not only on the attractabilities of the diets, but also on the responses such as growth and food conversion.
文摘Islam, as a religion, has always been essentially and primarily propagated through Da＇awah （proselytisation） and it would continue to be so up to the end of human existence on this planet. Due to its universal nature, appeal, and guidance, Islam would have to be continuously propagated through proselytisation to all the nooks and crannies of the world particularly in this millennium when more and more people are increasingly becoming engrossed into the worship of democracy. Hence, the need for a paper in which the essential components of Da＇awah lslaamiyyah （Islamic proselytisation）, would be expatiated so that Islamic workers around the globe will rise up to the challenge. Apart from the definition of Da＇awah, the paper will discuss the four foundations of Da＇awah, namely： Ad-Da＇awah ilaa Allah （inviting people to God）, Ad-Daa＇iyah （the proselytiser, the caller, the inviter, or the person who invites people to God）, AI-Mad＇uww [the invitee（s） or person（s） that is/are being invited to God], the AI-Wusao-il wal-Asaaleeb （the means and the methods of invitation to God）, and conclusion.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41901180)The National Social Science Foundation of China(17ZDA165)。
文摘In a society dominated by tourism consumption,space changes occurring in rural areas can generally reflect their social changes.On the theoretical basis of flow,regeneration and adaptation of rural tourism space,this paper originally and creatively proposes that the spatial elements in a rural tourist area can be classified into three categories:Attractions(A),Towns(T)and Villages(V).By analyzing the spatial transformation characteristics of A,T and V,five types of rural spatial transition modes are found,the types of heritage,theme park,those serving as scenic spots,leisure industrial clusters and ecotourism areas.These different classes emerge due to their geographical differentiation.They show the same spatial evolution trend:The Attractions are distributed throughout the whole area and characterized by diversification;supporting services facilities gather in the Towns;and the Villages are landscape images.In this area the traditional rural benefit trends toward that of compound development.Mufu Town,Hubei province,is taken as a study case,and the changing characteristics of A,T and V from 2006 to 2016 are described.Problems in the process of establishing the new spatial order are considered.In order to realize the synergy between production space,living space and ecological space,the interactive development between Attractions,Towns and Villages is recommended.The perspective of Attraction-Town-Village(ATV)can lead to a better understanding of the situation of tourism space in rural areas and provide directions for thinking about the reconstruction path for the modernization of traditional societies.
